progressive presidents: teddy roosevelt , william … presidents: teddy roosevelt , william howard...

23
Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson

Upload: hoangnguyet

Post on 26-Mar-2018

227 views

Category:

Documents


4 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft,

& Woodrow Wilson

Page 2: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt (Republican) 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909

Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.

In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing, the next best thing is the wrong thing, and the worst thing you can do is nothing.

Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.

Page 3: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

The Square Deal

The name given to Roosevelt’s Progressive Reforms. Stands for 3 C’s:

Conservation of natural resources Control of corporationsConsumer protection

Sought to protect both business and labor, and to ease the radical voice in both and reach a compromise.

Page 4: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Philosophy He believed “It is the duty of the President to act upon the theory that he is the steward of the people, and... to assume that he has the legal right to do whatever the needs of the people demand, unless the Constitution or the laws explicitly forbid him to do it.”

As a result, his *policies expanded the power of the *federal government

Roosevelt saw the Presidency as a “bully pulpit,” from which he could influence the news *media and shape legislation.

For this, he earned the title the “Bull Moose”

Page 5: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Using Federal Power

Trust Busting

– Trusts or monopolies controlled about 4 out of 5 (80%) industries in 1900

– Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits as President

Page 6: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

1902 Coal Strike– 140,000 coal miners were on strike for 5 months in Pennsylvania

– When coal reserves began to run low Roosevelt stepped in to force both sides come to an agreement- -WHY?

– This set the precedent that when a strike threatened public welfare, the Federal government was expected to step in to do something about it

Page 7: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Health and Environment 1. Regulating Foods and Drugs

• Roosevelt read The Jungle and was appalled

– He pushed for the passage of the Meat Inspection Act, which forced meatpackers to use strict sanitation guidelines and created the program of federal meat inspection that was in use until the 1990s.

2. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

– This was in response to false advertising of food and drugs as well as these products containing dangerous chemicals and additives such as opium, cocaine, or alcohol.

– This law stopped the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for labels to be truthful

Page 8: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Conservation and Natural Resources The environment was being ignored by the majority of people

• Roosevelt knew that our resources were not endless and wanted to preserve them

• Set aside 148 million acres of forest reserve

• Roosevelt also established over 50 wildlife sanctuaries and many national parks

Page 9: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Conservation and Natural Resources National Reclamation Act of 1902 also known as the Newlands Act

• Money from the sale of public lands in the West funded large scale irrigation projects such as the Roosevelt Dam and the Shoshone Dam in Wyoming.

• The Newlands Act set the precedent that the federal government would manage the water resources of the West (an example of more expansion of Federal Power)

Page 10: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson
Page 11: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

William Howard Taft1. He was the hand-picked successor to Roosevelt2. He kept with some progressive ideas• For Example: he busted 90 trusts during his four years in office3. But he was not progressive in other ways• For example: he angered conservationists by removing 1 million acres of forest and mining lands form the reserved list and returning it to the public

March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913

Page 12: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

This led to a split in the Republican Party

• Conservatives vs. Progressives within the Republican Party

• The cost of living was rising and people blamed a *tariff (tax on imported goods) that Taft had passed

The Bull Moose Party is formed

– The Republicans chose to support Taft (conservative) as their candidate for President in 1912

– Progressives formed their own

party known as the “Progressive” or “Bull Moose” Party

– Teddy Roosevelt was their

candidate for President

Page 13: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

1912 Election

Page 14: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Roosevelt

Page 15: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Taft

Page 16: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Wilson

Page 17: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Debs

Page 18: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson He was considered the last President of the Progressive Era• Anti-trust reforms

– Clayton Anti-trust act (1914)– Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

– Made it illegal for companies to buy stock in other companies if doing so would create a monopoly

– Allowed for prosecution of violators

Page 19: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

1912 Election - Roosevelt, Debs, Wilson, TaftYou will become members of the campaign for 1 of the 4 candidates running for President in 1912. You and your team will delegate between 3 tasks needed to keep your candidate in the race.

RolesPresidential Candidates Roosevelt, Debs, Wilson, and Taft (4) - Research who you are, chat with Directors and make sure things are going smoothly, be personable and talkative, and practice/give speech to the crowd

Campaign Directors (3) - Lead one of three different committees (Platform, Slogans/Posters, Speech) to ensure smooth sailing and execution before hitting the campaign trail (beginning of next class)

Staffers (Rest of class) - Be a part of one of the committees and complete the task required. A lot of research is needed!

Tasks to Complete - RESEARCH IS ESSENTIAL! - PLATFORM Fact Checkers and Zinger-s (Calling out other candidates on their “flawed” policies) -

Work closely with all other groups to ensure your platform is aligned. - SLOGANS Create 3-4 slogans/propaganda/cartoons specific to your candidate and the election- POSTERS Create 3-4 campaign posters that include slogans and images- SPEECH Create a short campaign speech for your candidate to give to the “crowd”

Page 20: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson
Page 21: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

He Formed the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

– A “watchdog” group

– Investigates possible violations of trade laws

Instituted a Federal Income Tax

– 16th amendment made it legal for the Federal

Government to tax income (1913)

– Since Tariffs were gone or reduced, this was the best way for the government to raise money

Page 22: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

Federal Reserve– Divided the nation into 12 districts each with a central bank

• These “Central Banks” have the power to print $

The Central Banks loan money to smaller banks within each district

• Meant to keep banks from failing

Page 23: Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William … Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt , William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson . Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ... Woodrow Wilson

In the end, however, Wilson’s Presidency was overtaken by Foreign Issues: mainly WWI-- Which is considered to be the end of the Progressive Era