progressives and political reform: from the streets to the cities to the states to washington, d.c.!
TRANSCRIPT
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Progressives and Political Reform:
From the streets to the cities to the states to Washington, D.C.!
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Progressive ideals
A genuine faith in democracy. Given a chance, the majority of voters would
elect honest officials instead of the corrupt ones backed by boss-dominated political machines.
A desire to increase the participation of the average citizen in political decision-making.
Government could be an ally.
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Cities and states as “laboratories of democracy” New ideas, laws, and other
experiments can be tried out in a state and then copied elsewhere if they work.
Wisconsin: “the most important state for the development of progressive legislation.”
The “Wisconsin Idea,” pioneered by “Fighting Bob” LaFollette:
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The “Australian” (or secret) ballot
Voters had long brought a pre-printed ballot to the polls bearing the name of a specific candidate.
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Direct primary
Republican and Democratic party bosses had long controlled state conventions that nominated candidates for state and federal office.
Wisconsin: In 1903, Governor LaFollette introduced the direct primary.
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Direct election of U.S. Senators
Sec. 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution: U.S. Senators had always been chosen by the state legislatures, not the voters.
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“Direct democracy” reforms
If politicians failed to obey “the will of the people,” Progressives had several solutions in many states:
Initiative: Referendum:
Recall:
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Municipal government reforms City bosses and their corrupt alliances with local businesses were the first
target of Progressive reformers; regulations on water, gas, electric, and public transportation companies were created in the Progressive Era.
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More urban improvements
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More Progressive ideas take hold in states
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Progressivism goes to Washington!
September 6, 1901: Republican President McKinley was assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, NY
September 14: Vice President Theodore Roosevelt sworn in as President at age 42
“My God, that damned cowboy in the White House!” -Mark Hanna
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