Rebecca Higgins PG | MPCA

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos | AECOM

January 14 2020

Project 1007 ndash Progress Update

21242020

Agenda

3

bull As part of the 3M Agreement and Order the MPCA is conducting ldquoa source assessment and feasibility study regarding the role of the Valley Branch Water Districtrsquos project known as Project 1007 in the conveyance of PFCs in the environmentrdquo

3M Settlement Language

4

Map

PFOS ndash East Metro PFAS Area ndash North of I-94

6

Focused Investigation Summer 2020 - 2021

Beta Phase Investigation

Fall 2019 ndash Summer 2020

Baseline Sampling Event

Fall 2019

Investigation Progress

Project 1007

A Complex Problem

Surface Water Flow

Ground water Flow

Complicated Geology

Numerous Surface Water

Bodies

Conveyance Infrastructures

Variable Precipitation

RatesMultiple PFAS

Compounds

PFAS ndash The Forever

Chemical

Potential Multiple

PFAS Sources

Project Area Size

High Infiltration

Areas

Depth of Impacted Aquifers

What Do We Need to Consider

14 mile Corridor

Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

21242020

Agenda

3

bull As part of the 3M Agreement and Order the MPCA is conducting ldquoa source assessment and feasibility study regarding the role of the Valley Branch Water Districtrsquos project known as Project 1007 in the conveyance of PFCs in the environmentrdquo

3M Settlement Language

4

Map

PFOS ndash East Metro PFAS Area ndash North of I-94

6

Focused Investigation Summer 2020 - 2021

Beta Phase Investigation

Fall 2019 ndash Summer 2020

Baseline Sampling Event

Fall 2019

Investigation Progress

Project 1007

A Complex Problem

Surface Water Flow

Ground water Flow

Complicated Geology

Numerous Surface Water

Bodies

Conveyance Infrastructures

Variable Precipitation

RatesMultiple PFAS

Compounds

PFAS ndash The Forever

Chemical

Potential Multiple

PFAS Sources

Project Area Size

High Infiltration

Areas

Depth of Impacted Aquifers

What Do We Need to Consider

14 mile Corridor

Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

3

bull As part of the 3M Agreement and Order the MPCA is conducting ldquoa source assessment and feasibility study regarding the role of the Valley Branch Water Districtrsquos project known as Project 1007 in the conveyance of PFCs in the environmentrdquo

3M Settlement Language

4

Map

PFOS ndash East Metro PFAS Area ndash North of I-94

6

Focused Investigation Summer 2020 - 2021

Beta Phase Investigation

Fall 2019 ndash Summer 2020

Baseline Sampling Event

Fall 2019

Investigation Progress

Project 1007

A Complex Problem

Surface Water Flow

Ground water Flow

Complicated Geology

Numerous Surface Water

Bodies

Conveyance Infrastructures

Variable Precipitation

RatesMultiple PFAS

Compounds

PFAS ndash The Forever

Chemical

Potential Multiple

PFAS Sources

Project Area Size

High Infiltration

Areas

Depth of Impacted Aquifers

What Do We Need to Consider

14 mile Corridor

Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

4

Map

PFOS ndash East Metro PFAS Area ndash North of I-94

6

Focused Investigation Summer 2020 - 2021

Beta Phase Investigation

Fall 2019 ndash Summer 2020

Baseline Sampling Event

Fall 2019

Investigation Progress

Project 1007

A Complex Problem

Surface Water Flow

Ground water Flow

Complicated Geology

Numerous Surface Water

Bodies

Conveyance Infrastructures

Variable Precipitation

RatesMultiple PFAS

Compounds

PFAS ndash The Forever

Chemical

Potential Multiple

PFAS Sources

Project Area Size

High Infiltration

Areas

Depth of Impacted Aquifers

What Do We Need to Consider

14 mile Corridor

Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

PFOS ndash East Metro PFAS Area ndash North of I-94

6

Focused Investigation Summer 2020 - 2021

Beta Phase Investigation

Fall 2019 ndash Summer 2020

Baseline Sampling Event

Fall 2019

Investigation Progress

Project 1007

A Complex Problem

Surface Water Flow

Ground water Flow

Complicated Geology

Numerous Surface Water

Bodies

Conveyance Infrastructures

Variable Precipitation

RatesMultiple PFAS

Compounds

PFAS ndash The Forever

Chemical

Potential Multiple

PFAS Sources

Project Area Size

High Infiltration

Areas

Depth of Impacted Aquifers

What Do We Need to Consider

14 mile Corridor

Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

6

Focused Investigation Summer 2020 - 2021

Beta Phase Investigation

Fall 2019 ndash Summer 2020

Baseline Sampling Event

Fall 2019

Investigation Progress

Project 1007

A Complex Problem

Surface Water Flow

Ground water Flow

Complicated Geology

Numerous Surface Water

Bodies

Conveyance Infrastructures

Variable Precipitation

RatesMultiple PFAS

Compounds

PFAS ndash The Forever

Chemical

Potential Multiple

PFAS Sources

Project Area Size

High Infiltration

Areas

Depth of Impacted Aquifers

What Do We Need to Consider

14 mile Corridor

Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Project 1007

A Complex Problem

Surface Water Flow

Ground water Flow

Complicated Geology

Numerous Surface Water

Bodies

Conveyance Infrastructures

Variable Precipitation

RatesMultiple PFAS

Compounds

PFAS ndash The Forever

Chemical

Potential Multiple

PFAS Sources

Project Area Size

High Infiltration

Areas

Depth of Impacted Aquifers

What Do We Need to Consider

14 mile Corridor

Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

14 mile Corridor

Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Variable Precipitation Rates

1_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLosing Streams

2_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Large and Deep Lakes

3_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow Paths

4_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Project 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow Paths

5_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Regional Groundwater Divide

6_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Complex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock Valley

7_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Multiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

8_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

14 mile CorridorVariable Precipitation Rates

ldquoLeakyrdquo LakesLarge and Deep LakesLosing Streams

Pre-Project 1007 Surface Water Flow PathsProject 1007 Conveyance Structures Influence Surface Water Flow PathsComplex Geology - Fractured Bedrock Regional Faults Bedrock ValleyRegional Groundwater DivideMultiple Deep Bedrock Aquifers

XX

X

9_Project 1007 | A Complex Problem

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

18

PROJECT 1007 PHASED INVESTIGATION APPROACH

VAP = Vertical Aquifer Profiling

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

19

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

201242020

Lake Elmo

Beta Phase Drilling Locations

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

211242020

Variable Surficial Soils

Highly Fractured Zone ndash Leaky

Confining Layer

Narrow Bedrock Valley

Bedrock FindingsPreferential Pathways

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Beta Phase InvestigationMethods of Investigation

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Natural Gamma LogConfirms top and bottom of bedrock formations

Caliper LogMeasures borehole diameter

Electro-Magnetic FlowmeterMeasures ambient vertical flow speed

Multi-Parameter E-LogMeasures fluidsingle pointnormal resistivity and temp

Changes in diameter flow and temperature can all serve to indicate significant fractures

Video LogDirect visual of borehole sidewalls

Confirms top and bottom of bedrock formations with more precise depths

Shows fractures and flow direction

High Resolution Data = Better Understanding of PFAS Migration

Beta Investigation Borehole Video and Geophysical Tools

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

bull Groundwater and soil samples in surficial glacial units while drilling

bull Sampling depth intervals based on soil cuttings from the adjacent deeper well

bull Groundwater samples collected at

bull Top of the water table

bull Intervals of finer-grained and coarser-grained soils

bull Immediately above first bedrock formation

bull Soil samples collected at

bull Intervals coincident with groundwater samples

bull Zone immediately above water table and first bedrock

bull Any potential confining layers

Beta Investigation Sample CollectionGroundwater and Soil Strategy

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Baseline Sampling Analytical Results

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

Project 1007 Overview Map Sampling Areas and Sample Counts - Baseline Investigation

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

1242020 0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 RC10 RC11 RC12 RC13 RC17 RC18

PFO

S Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

Sample Location ID

Surface Water PFOS ResultsRaleigh Creek Area

Reported in Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Water Quality Criteria protect

people from eating

contaminated fish

Bde Maka Ska and Mississippi River Pool 2 Water Quality Criteria

0011-0014 ppb

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

30

Approximately 50 um (005mm) thick

An interface of gaseous exchange High carbon content

Documented reservoir of surface-active chemicals including fatty acids surfactants PFAS and other compounds

Photo Credit McMurdo 2008

Surface Micro Layer (SML)

311242020

PFAS-Containing Foam Appearance

32

1_PFAS-Containing Foam Appearance

331242020

PFAS-Containing Foam Locations

32

1_PFAS-Containing Foam Appearance

331242020

PFAS-Containing Foam Locations

331242020

PFAS-Containing Foam Locations

34

Sample ID Date PFBA PFBS PFHXS PFOA PFOS

Groundwater - ODSPre Pump-Out Start-Up 3102005 --- 735 227 73767 13367

Foam - RC7 081219 lt31 lt08 lt08 66 4009

Foam - RC7081419 lt32 lt8 lt8 17540 13800

Foam - RC12081419 lt32 lt8 lt8 1622 10500

Foam - RC17081419 lt8 lt2 lt2 375 2751

Foam - RC17A081419 lt32 lt08 lt08 50 59530

Comparison of Foam Results to Oakdale Disposal Site Historic Monitoring Well Data

(Units in PPB)

35

River with previously low level PFAS

PFAS foam in a drainage ditch

PFAS foam on a large creek

PFAS foam on a large creek

Wisconsinrsquos PFAS Foam Experience

36

Frozen foam islands

Infrared Camera imaging for source area seeps

Frozen Foam

Dock on a lake with nearby sources

Michiganrsquos PFAS Foam Experience

PFAS Risk Assessment Values

381142020

bull People and pets should avoid contact with foam

bull Wash skinfur that has come into contact with suspected PFAS-containing foam with soap and water

bull Surface water concentrations of PFAS are much lower indicating water is safe for recreation

bull Additional data will be collected

bull MDH will conduct additional recreational risk assessment to verify these conclusions

Human Health Concerns

FoamSurface Water

Sediment

Non-Drinking Water Health Risk Values

Soil

40

Investigating

Communicating

Coordinating

bull Across programsAgencies

bull Appropriate Response Actions

Evaluating

bull Oakdale Disposal Controls

bull Health and Environmental Risks

bull Drinking Water Groundwater Ecosystem Receptors

NEXT STEPS

411242020

Investigation continues through 2021

Complex problem ndash no easy fix to forever chemicals

PFAS-containing foam can be found in PFAS-impacted surface water

People and pets should avoid foam

What has been completed in 1 year Road Map for Comprehensive Investigation First Phase Complete Second Phase In-Progress

Conclusions

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you

35

River with previously low level PFAS

PFAS foam in a drainage ditch

PFAS foam on a large creek

PFAS foam on a large creek

Wisconsinrsquos PFAS Foam Experience

36

Frozen foam islands

Infrared Camera imaging for source area seeps

Frozen Foam

Dock on a lake with nearby sources

Michiganrsquos PFAS Foam Experience

PFAS Risk Assessment Values

381142020

bull People and pets should avoid contact with foam

bull Wash skinfur that has come into contact with suspected PFAS-containing foam with soap and water

bull Surface water concentrations of PFAS are much lower indicating water is safe for recreation

bull Additional data will be collected

bull MDH will conduct additional recreational risk assessment to verify these conclusions

Human Health Concerns

FoamSurface Water

Sediment

Non-Drinking Water Health Risk Values

Soil

40

Investigating

Communicating

Coordinating

bull Across programsAgencies

bull Appropriate Response Actions

Evaluating

bull Oakdale Disposal Controls

bull Health and Environmental Risks

bull Drinking Water Groundwater Ecosystem Receptors

NEXT STEPS

411242020

Investigation continues through 2021

Complex problem ndash no easy fix to forever chemicals

PFAS-containing foam can be found in PFAS-impacted surface water

People and pets should avoid foam

What has been completed in 1 year Road Map for Comprehensive Investigation First Phase Complete Second Phase In-Progress

Conclusions

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you

36

Frozen foam islands

Infrared Camera imaging for source area seeps

Frozen Foam

Dock on a lake with nearby sources

Michiganrsquos PFAS Foam Experience

PFAS Risk Assessment Values

381142020

bull People and pets should avoid contact with foam

bull Wash skinfur that has come into contact with suspected PFAS-containing foam with soap and water

bull Surface water concentrations of PFAS are much lower indicating water is safe for recreation

bull Additional data will be collected

bull MDH will conduct additional recreational risk assessment to verify these conclusions

Human Health Concerns

FoamSurface Water

Sediment

Non-Drinking Water Health Risk Values

Soil

40

Investigating

Communicating

Coordinating

bull Across programsAgencies

bull Appropriate Response Actions

Evaluating

bull Oakdale Disposal Controls

bull Health and Environmental Risks

bull Drinking Water Groundwater Ecosystem Receptors

NEXT STEPS

411242020

Investigation continues through 2021

Complex problem ndash no easy fix to forever chemicals

PFAS-containing foam can be found in PFAS-impacted surface water

People and pets should avoid foam

What has been completed in 1 year Road Map for Comprehensive Investigation First Phase Complete Second Phase In-Progress

Conclusions

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you

PFAS Risk Assessment Values

381142020

bull People and pets should avoid contact with foam

bull Wash skinfur that has come into contact with suspected PFAS-containing foam with soap and water

bull Surface water concentrations of PFAS are much lower indicating water is safe for recreation

bull Additional data will be collected

bull MDH will conduct additional recreational risk assessment to verify these conclusions

Human Health Concerns

FoamSurface Water

Sediment

Non-Drinking Water Health Risk Values

Soil

40

Investigating

Communicating

Coordinating

bull Across programsAgencies

bull Appropriate Response Actions

Evaluating

bull Oakdale Disposal Controls

bull Health and Environmental Risks

bull Drinking Water Groundwater Ecosystem Receptors

NEXT STEPS

411242020

Investigation continues through 2021

Complex problem ndash no easy fix to forever chemicals

PFAS-containing foam can be found in PFAS-impacted surface water

People and pets should avoid foam

What has been completed in 1 year Road Map for Comprehensive Investigation First Phase Complete Second Phase In-Progress

Conclusions

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you

381142020

bull People and pets should avoid contact with foam

bull Wash skinfur that has come into contact with suspected PFAS-containing foam with soap and water

bull Surface water concentrations of PFAS are much lower indicating water is safe for recreation

bull Additional data will be collected

bull MDH will conduct additional recreational risk assessment to verify these conclusions

Human Health Concerns

FoamSurface Water

Sediment

Non-Drinking Water Health Risk Values

Soil

40

Investigating

Communicating

Coordinating

bull Across programsAgencies

bull Appropriate Response Actions

Evaluating

bull Oakdale Disposal Controls

bull Health and Environmental Risks

bull Drinking Water Groundwater Ecosystem Receptors

NEXT STEPS

411242020

Investigation continues through 2021

Complex problem ndash no easy fix to forever chemicals

PFAS-containing foam can be found in PFAS-impacted surface water

People and pets should avoid foam

What has been completed in 1 year Road Map for Comprehensive Investigation First Phase Complete Second Phase In-Progress

Conclusions

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you

FoamSurface Water

Sediment

Non-Drinking Water Health Risk Values

Soil

40

Investigating

Communicating

Coordinating

bull Across programsAgencies

bull Appropriate Response Actions

Evaluating

bull Oakdale Disposal Controls

bull Health and Environmental Risks

bull Drinking Water Groundwater Ecosystem Receptors

NEXT STEPS

411242020

Investigation continues through 2021

Complex problem ndash no easy fix to forever chemicals

PFAS-containing foam can be found in PFAS-impacted surface water

People and pets should avoid foam

What has been completed in 1 year Road Map for Comprehensive Investigation First Phase Complete Second Phase In-Progress

Conclusions

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you

40

Investigating

Communicating

Coordinating

bull Across programsAgencies

bull Appropriate Response Actions

Evaluating

bull Oakdale Disposal Controls

bull Health and Environmental Risks

bull Drinking Water Groundwater Ecosystem Receptors

NEXT STEPS

411242020

Investigation continues through 2021

Complex problem ndash no easy fix to forever chemicals

PFAS-containing foam can be found in PFAS-impacted surface water

People and pets should avoid foam

What has been completed in 1 year Road Map for Comprehensive Investigation First Phase Complete Second Phase In-Progress

Conclusions

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you

411242020

Investigation continues through 2021

Complex problem ndash no easy fix to forever chemicals

PFAS-containing foam can be found in PFAS-impacted surface water

People and pets should avoid foam

What has been completed in 1 year Road Map for Comprehensive Investigation First Phase Complete Second Phase In-Progress

Conclusions

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you

1242020 42

Rebecca Higgins PG MPCARebeccaHigginsstatemnus

Amanda Lanning and Marie De Los Santos AECOM

Thank you