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1 of 2 Form ProjAgre (Rev. 5/2013) (RTI) RTI PROJECT AGREEMENT Between the Fiscal Year 2015 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (RECEIVING AGENCY) AND Research Project University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) and Texas Tech University (TTU) Implementation Project (PERFORMING AGENCY/S ) Project Number: 0-6843 Document Date: 12/30/2014 Project Title: Evaluating Use of Sub-Grade Drains with PFC for Stormwater Drainage THIS PROJECT AGREEMENT is made pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Cooperative Research and Implementation Agreement(s) (CRIA) entered into by and between the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and UTSA and TTU. This project agreement is under the terms of: CRIA Article 9A and is considered a part of the Annual Program. CRIA Article 9B and is considered an independent project. PART I. Project Description. The Performing Agency(s) will undertake and complete the project named above and as further described in Exhibit B, attached hereto and made a part of this Project Agreement. Exhibit B must comply with the requirements of the most recent Research Manual. PART II. Project Duration and Performance Period. Continuation of the project beyond August 31 each year is subject to authorization by TxDOT and the availability of funds. TxDOT will notify the Performing Agency(s) of initial project approval and annual continuation approvals by Activation Letters. The Activation Letter will signify final approval and authorization to the Performing Agency(s) to initiate the work for a fiscal year. Each Activation Letter shall include the project activation date and shall be attached hereto and made a part of this agreement as if it had been attached at the time this Project Agreement is signed. The Activation Letters will specify the remaining project duration unless terminated in accordance with Article 29 of the CRIA. 12/31/2016 Project Termination Date PART III. Project Budget. The total estimated project cost, which includes all authorized direct and indirect costs which may be incurred by the Performing Agency(s), is shown below along with a breakdown by fiscal year and agency. Attached hereto as Exhibit A and made a part of this agreement is an annual Itemized Budget for each Performing Agency which details approved project costs for each fiscal year of this project. Budget Breakdown FY Agency Budget FY Agency Budget (Attach an itemized budget 2015 UTSA 38,539 2015 TTU 85,010 for each fiscal year 2016 UTSA 52,580 2016 TTU 71,570 for each Performing Agency.) 2017 UTSA 9,411 2017 TTU 20,183 Total Project Budget: 277,293 PART IV. Project Supervision. The Performing Agency Research Supervisor, whose agency shall be the lead agency, and other primary research staff are named below. Name Title Agency Phone No. Email Research Supervisor Jie Huang Assistant Professor UTSA 210-458-7908 [email protected] Researcher or PI Hatim Sharif Associate Professor UTSA 210-458-6478 [email protected] Researcher or PI Samer Dessouky Associate Professor UTSA 210-458-7072 [email protected] u Researcher or PI Ted Cleveland Associate Professor TTU 832-722-4185 Theodore.cleveland@ttu. edu Researcher or PI Elma Annette Hernandez Assistant Professor TTU 806-742-3523 [email protected] du

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Form ProjAgre (Rev. 5/2013) (RTI)

RTI

PROJECT AGREEMENT

Between the Fiscal Year 2015

TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

(RECEIVING AGENCY)

AND Research Project

University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) and Texas Tech

University (TTU)

Implementation Project

(PERFORMING AGENCY/S )

Project Number: 0-6843 Document Date: 12/30/2014

Project Title: Evaluating Use of Sub-Grade Drains with PFC for Stormwater Drainage THIS PROJECT AGREEMENT is made pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Cooperative Research and Implementation Agreement(s) (CRIA) entered into by and between the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and UTSA and TTU. This project agreement is under the terms of: CRIA Article 9A and is considered a part of the Annual Program. CRIA Article 9B and is considered an independent project. PART I. Project Description. The Performing Agency(s) will undertake and complete the project named above and as further described in Exhibit B, attached hereto and made a part of this Project Agreement. Exhibit B must comply with the requirements of the most recent Research Manual. PART II. Project Duration and Performance Period. Continuation of the project beyond August 31 each year is subject to authorization by TxDOT and the availability of funds. TxDOT will notify the Performing Agency(s) of initial project approval and annual continuation approvals by Activation Letters. The Activation Letter will signify final approval and authorization to the Performing Agency(s) to initiate the work for a fiscal year. Each Activation Letter shall include the project activation date and shall be attached hereto and made a part of this agreement as if it had been attached at the time this Project Agreement is signed. The Activation Letters will specify the remaining project duration unless terminated in accordance with Article 29 of the CRIA.

12/31/2016 Project Termination Date

PART III. Project Budget. The total estimated project cost, which includes all authorized direct and indirect costs which may be incurred by the Performing Agency(s), is shown below along with a breakdown by fiscal year and agency. Attached hereto as Exhibit A and made a part of this agreement is an annual Itemized Budget for each Performing Agency which details approved project costs for each fiscal year of this project. Budget Breakdown FY Agency Budget FY Agency Budget

(Attach an itemized budget 2015 UTSA 38,539 2015 TTU 85,010 for each fiscal year 2016 UTSA 52,580 2016 TTU 71,570 for each Performing Agency.) 2017 UTSA 9,411 2017 TTU 20,183

Total Project Budget: 277,293

PART IV. Project Supervision. The Performing Agency Research Supervisor, whose agency shall be the lead agency, and other primary research staff are named below. Name Title Agency Phone No. Email

Research Supervisor Jie Huang Assistant Professor UTSA 210-458-7908 [email protected] Researcher or PI Hatim Sharif Associate Professor UTSA 210-458-6478 [email protected] Researcher or PI Samer Dessouky Associate Professor UTSA 210-458-7072 [email protected]

u Researcher or PI Ted Cleveland Associate Professor TTU 832-722-4185 Theodore.cleveland@ttu.

edu

Researcher or PI Elma Annette Hernandez Assistant Professor TTU 806-742-3523 [email protected]

Form ProjAgre (Rev. 5/2013)

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PART V. No Waiver. This Project Agreement does not waive the rights, responsibilities, and obligations provided each party under the CRIA and incorporates all the provisions of the CRIA as if set forth herein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Project Agreement is hereby accepted and executed.

Approved and Accepted by the Performing Agency: Date:

Amy Ossola-Phillips, Director University of Texas at San Antonio Engineering Research Service Center

Date:

Kathleen Harris, Senior Associate VP for Research Texas Tech University

Approved and Accepted by TxDOT: Date: Kenneth Stewart, Director of Contract Services

Texas Department of Transportation maintains the information collected through this form. With few exceptions, you are entitled on request to be informed about the information that we collect about you. Under §§552.021 and 552.023 of the Texas Government Code, you also are entitled to receive and review the information. Under §559.004 of the Government Code, you are also entitled to have us correct information about you that is incorrect. For inquiries call 512/416-4730.

Project No. 0-6843

Form ExhA(Rev. 5/2013)

Itemized Budget - Exhibit A (RTI)

Project No: 0-6843

Fiscal Year: 2015

Agency: UTSA Indirect Rate: 10%

Revision Number:

Revision Date:

Estimated Itemization Total

Budget Costs

DIRECT COSTS

Salaries & Wages (by category) list each Professional individually % of time* Professional (Combine all Professionals) 13,349$ Jie Huang 8% Subprofessional & Technical 10,640$ Hatim Sharif 2% Clerical (Non-routine) Samer Dessouky 2%

Total Salaries and Wages 23,989$ Fringe Benefits (provide details at the University's option)

4,046$ Total Fringe Benefits 4,046$ Expendable Goods & Supplies (provide details at the University's option)

1,000$ Total Expendable Goods & Supplies 1,000$ Operating & Other Expenses

Included in Modified Total Direct CostsIn-State Travel 1,000$ Out-of-State Travel Other

Excluded from Modified Total Direct Costs **

Tuition (in lieu of partial or total salary) -$ Other

Total Operating & Other Expenses 1,000$ Subcontracts ** (list each subcontractor separately, with a brief description of the work)Xiaofeng LiuProvide assistance with numerical simulation 5,000$ Total Subcontracts 5,000$ Equipment (items $5,000 and over) ** (list each item separately)

-$ Total Equipment -$ TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 35,035$

INDIRECT COSTS

47.00% (%) of Modified Total Direct Costs *** MTDC ** = 35035 16,466$ less University's Contribution -37% 12,963$ TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS CHARGED TO PROJECT (limited to Indirect Rate stated at top of page) 3,504$

TOTAL PROJECT COST 38,539$ * Include estimated % of each Professional's time expected to be spent on this project during the period of this budget

** Calculate MTDC based on the University's negotiated (federal) F&A agreement. Per OMB Circular A-21,MTDC should never include, equipment, tuition remission, rental costs, scholarships and fellowships,and the portion of each subcontract over $25,000.

*** Enter University's federally approved indirect cost rate % in blank. Form will calculate total, based on MTDC.Note: This electronic form contains formulas that may be corrupted when adding or deleting rows, or by

conversion of the spreadsheet. The university is responsible for the accuracy of the budget submitted.

1 of 6

Form ExhA(Rev. 5/2013)

Itemized Budget - Exhibit A (RTI)

Project No: 0-6843

Fiscal Year: 2016

Agency: UTSA Indirect Rate: 10%

Revision Number:

Revision Date:

Estimated Itemization Total

Budget Costs

DIRECT COSTS

Salaries & Wages (by category) list each Professional individually % of time* Professional (Combine all Professionals) 18,781$ Jie Huang 8% Subprofessional & Technical 16,282$ Hatim Sharif 4% Clerical (Non-routine) Samer Dessouky 4%

Total Salaries and Wages 35,063$ Fringe Benefits (provide details at the University's option)

5,737$ Total Fringe Benefits 5,737$ Expendable Goods & Supplies (provide details at the University's option)

1,000$ Total Expendable Goods & Supplies 1,000$ Operating & Other Expenses

Included in Modified Total Direct CostsIn-State Travel 1,000$ Out-of-State Travel Other

Excluded from Modified Total Direct Costs **

Tuition (in lieu of partial or total salary) -$ Other

Total Operating & Other Expenses 1,000$ Subcontracts ** (list each subcontractor separately, with a brief description of the work)Xiaofeng LiuProvide assistance with numerical simulation 5,000$ Total Subcontracts 5,000$ Equipment (items $5,000 and over) ** (list each item separately)

-$ Total Equipment -$ TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 47,800$

INDIRECT COSTS

47.00% (%) of Modified Total Direct Costs *** MTDC ** = 47,800$ 22,466$ less University's Contribution -37% 17,686$ TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS CHARGED TO PROJECT (limited to Indirect Rate stated at top of page) 4,780$

TOTAL PROJECT COST 52,580$ * Include estimated % of each Professional's time expected to be spent on this project during the period of this budget

** Calculate MTDC based on the University's negotiated (federal) F&A agreement. Per OMB Circular A-21,MTDC should never include, equipment, tuition remission, rental costs, scholarships and fellowships,and the portion of each subcontract over $25,000.

*** Enter University's federally approved indirect cost rate % in blank. Form will calculate total, based on MTDC.Note: This electronic form contains formulas that may be corrupted when adding or deleting rows, or by

conversion of the spreadsheet. The university is responsible for the accuracy of the budget submitted.

2 of 6

Form ExhA(Rev. 5/2013)

Itemized Budget - Exhibit A (RTI)

Project No: 0-6843

Fiscal Year: 2017

Agency: UTSA Indirect Rate: 10%

Revision Number:

Revision Date:

Estimated Itemization Total

Budget Costs

DIRECT COSTS

Salaries & Wages (by category) list each Professional individually % of time* Professional (Combine all Professionals) -$ Jie Huang 0% Subprofessional & Technical 7,181$ Hatim Sharif 0% Clerical (Non-routine) Samer Dessouky 0%

Total Salaries and Wages 7,181$ Fringe Benefits (provide details at the University's option)

574$ Total Fringe Benefits 574$ Expendable Goods & Supplies (provide details at the University's option)

500$ Total Expendable Goods & Supplies 500$ Operating & Other Expenses

Included in Modified Total Direct CostsIn-State Travel 300$ Out-of-State Travel Other

Excluded from Modified Total Direct Costs **

Tuition (in lieu of partial or total salary) -$ Other

Total Operating & Other Expenses 300$ Subcontracts ** (list each subcontractor separately, with a brief description of the work)

Total Subcontracts -$ Equipment (items $5,000 and over) ** (list each item separately)

-$ Total Equipment -$ TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 8,555$

INDIRECT COSTS

47.00% (%) of Modified Total Direct Costs *** MTDC ** = 8,555$ 4,021$ less University's Contribution -37% 3,165$ TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS CHARGED TO PROJECT (limited to Indirect Rate stated at top of page) 856$

TOTAL PROJECT COST 9,411$ * Include estimated % of each Professional's time expected to be spent on this project during the period of this budget

** Calculate MTDC based on the University's negotiated (federal) F&A agreement. Per OMB Circular A-21,MTDC should never include, equipment, tuition remission, rental costs, scholarships and fellowships,and the portion of each subcontract over $25,000.

*** Enter University's federally approved indirect cost rate % in blank. Form will calculate total, based on MTDC.Note: This electronic form contains formulas that may be corrupted when adding or deleting rows, or by

conversion of the spreadsheet. The university is responsible for the accuracy of the budget submitted.

3 of 6

Form ExhA(Rev. 5/2013)

Itemized Budget - Exhibit A (RTI)

Project No: 0-6843

Fiscal Year: 2015

Agency: Texas Tech University Indirect Rate: 10%

Revision Number:

Revision Date:

Estimated Itemization Total

Budget Costs

DIRECT COSTS

Salaries & Wages (by category) list each Professional individually % of time* Professional (Combine all Professionals) 9,946$ Theodore G. Cleveland 2% Subprofessional & Technical Elma A H Uddameri 6% Clerical (Non-routine) 30,400$ Graduate & Undergraduate Students

Total Salaries and Wages 40,346$ Fringe Benefits (provide details at the University's option)

5,893$ Total Fringe Benefits 5,893$ Expendable Goods & Supplies (provide details at the University's option)

23,000$ materials to build modelsTotal Expendable Goods & Supplies 23,000$ Operating & Other Expenses

Included in Modified Total Direct CostsIn-State Travel 2,740$ 2 trips to AUS to meet PMCOut-of-State Travel Other

Excluded from Modified Total Direct Costs **

Tuition (in lieu of partial or total salary) 5,833$ Other

Total Operating & Other Expenses 8,573$ Subcontracts ** (list each subcontractor separately, with a brief description of the work)

-$ Total Subcontracts -$ Equipment (items $5,000 and over) ** (list each item separately)

-$ Total Equipment -$ TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 77,812$

INDIRECT COSTS

49.00% (%) of Modified Total Direct Costs *** MTDC ** = 71,979$ 35,270$ less University's Contribution 39% 28,072$ TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS CHARGED TO PROJECT (limited to Indirect Rate stated at top of page) 7,198$

TOTAL PROJECT COST 85,010$ * Include estimated % of each Professional's time expected to be spent on this project during the period of this budget

** Calculate MTDC based on the University's negotiated (federal) F&A agreement. Per OMB Circular A-21,MTDC should never include, equipment, tuition remission, rental costs, scholarships and fellowships,and the portion of each subcontract over $25,000.

*** Enter University's federally approved indirect cost rate % in blank. Form will calculate total, based on MTDC.Note: This electronic form contains formulas that may be corrupted when adding or deleting rows, or by

conversion of the spreadsheet. The university is responsible for the accuracy of the budget submitted.

4 of 6

Form ExhA(Rev. 5/2013)

Itemized Budget - Exhibit A (RTI)

Project No: 0-6843

Fiscal Year: 2016

Agency: Texas Tech University Indirect Rate: 10%

Revision Number:

Revision Date:

Estimated Itemization Total

Budget Costs

DIRECT COSTS

Salaries & Wages (by category) list each Professional individually % of time* Professional (Combine all Professionals) 8,388$ Theodore G. Cleveland 8% Subprofessional & Technical 7448 Elma A H Uddameri 8% Clerical (Non-routine) 29,664$ Graduate & Undergraduate Students

Total Salaries and Wages 45,500$ Fringe Benefits (provide details at the University's option)

9,542$ Total Fringe Benefits 9,542$ Expendable Goods & Supplies (provide details at the University's option)

Total Expendable Goods & Supplies -$ Operating & Other Expenses

Included in Modified Total Direct CostsIn-State Travel 1,370$ Out-of-State Travel Other

Excluded from Modified Total Direct Costs **

Tuition (in lieu of partial or total salary) 9,517$ Other

Total Operating & Other Expenses 10,887$ Subcontracts ** (list each subcontractor separately, with a brief description of the work)

-$ Total Subcontracts -$ Equipment (items $5,000 and over) ** (list each item separately)

-$ Total Equipment -$ TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 65,929$

INDIRECT COSTS

49.00% (%) of Modified Total Direct Costs *** MTDC ** = 56,412$ 27,642$ less University's Contribution 39% 22,001$ TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS CHARGED TO PROJECT (limited to Indirect Rate stated at top of page) 5,641$

TOTAL PROJECT COST 71,570$ * Include estimated % of each Professional's time expected to be spent on this project during the period of this budget

** Calculate MTDC based on the University's negotiated (federal) F&A agreement. Per OMB Circular A-21,MTDC should never include, equipment, tuition remission, rental costs, scholarships and fellowships,and the portion of each subcontract over $25,000.

*** Enter University's federally approved indirect cost rate % in blank. Form will calculate total, based on MTDC.Note: This electronic form contains formulas that may be corrupted when adding or deleting rows, or by

conversion of the spreadsheet. The university is responsible for the accuracy of the budget submitted.

5 of 6

Form ExhA(Rev. 5/2013)

Itemized Budget - Exhibit A (RTI)

Project No: 0-6843

Fiscal Year: 2017

Agency: Texas Tech University Indirect Rate: 10%

Revision Number:

Revision Date:

Estimated Itemization Total

Budget Costs

DIRECT COSTS

Salaries & Wages (by category) list each Professional individually % of time* Professional (Combine all Professionals) -$ Theodore G. Cleveland 0% Subprofessional & Technical Elma A H Uddameri 0% Clerical (Non-routine) 11,458$ Graduate & Undergraduate Students

Total Salaries and Wages 11,458$ Fringe Benefits (provide details at the University's option)

2,282$ Total Fringe Benefits 2,282$ Expendable Goods & Supplies (provide details at the University's option)

Total Expendable Goods & Supplies -$ Operating & Other Expenses

Included in Modified Total Direct CostsIn-State Travel 1,370$ Out-of-State Travel Other

Excluded from Modified Total Direct Costs **

Tuition (in lieu of partial or total salary) 3,562$ Other

Total Operating & Other Expenses 4,932$ Subcontracts ** (list each subcontractor separately, with a brief description of the work)

-$ Total Subcontracts -$ Equipment (items $5,000 and over) ** (list each item separately)

-$ Total Equipment -$ TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 18,672$

INDIRECT COSTS

49.00% (%) of Modified Total Direct Costs *** MTDC ** = 15,110$ 7,404$ less University's Contribution 39% 5,893$ TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS CHARGED TO PROJECT (limited to Indirect Rate stated at top of page) 1,511$

TOTAL PROJECT COST 20,183$ * Include estimated % of each Professional's time expected to be spent on this project during the period of this budget

** Calculate MTDC based on the University's negotiated (federal) F&A agreement. Per OMB Circular A-21,MTDC should never include, equipment, tuition remission, rental costs, scholarships and fellowships,and the portion of each subcontract over $25,000.

*** Enter University's federally approved indirect cost rate % in blank. Form will calculate total, based on MTDC.Note: This electronic form contains formulas that may be corrupted when adding or deleting rows, or by

conversion of the spreadsheet. The university is responsible for the accuracy of the budget submitted.

6 of 6

0-6843 Exhibit B

1

TxDOT Project 0-6843: Evaluating Use of Sub-Grade Drains with PFC for Stormwater

Drainage

1. Abstract

Water standing on pavements is a major safety concern. Water accumulation on roadways leads to splash and spray and even hydroplaning, which contribute significantly to auto accidents. This project will develop a design method for the underdrains of porous friction course (PFC) to eliminate standing water on roadway surfaces, especially difficult drain segments. The project includes both large-scale testing and numerical modeling of storm water drainage. The large–scale testing involves testing a few pavement sections and measuring water surface within and on the PFC. The numerical model will couple the run-off on PFC surface with the seepage within the PFC to avoid the limitations of existing numerical models. After calibrated by the test data, the numerical model will be used to simulate the dynamic process of infiltration, run-off and seepage for various pavement conditions under different rainfall events. With the results from the numerical modeling, the effect of underdrains on removing standing water on PFC will be quantified and a number of design charts, equations or similar tools will be developed to assist in determining the size, spacing and configuration of the underdrains. The Performing Agency shall provide these design charts to TxDOT which will be used for regular segments as well as difficult drainage segments. 2. Implementation

Project 0-6843 will result in a design procedure and a number of design charts to assist the design of underdrains that are used in conjunction with PFC to eliminate standing water during extreme rainfall events. The design procedure will determine the size, spacing and configuration of the underdrains, particularly for difficult drainage segments such as super-elevation transitions and roadway sags. Implementation will include development of a self-documented design module suitable for direct inclusion into the hydraulic design manual. The Performing Agency shall provide handouts, documentation and a presentation summarizing the research results with the approval of the Receiving Agency’s Project Team. 3. Work Plan

At the beginning of the project, a kick-off meeting to seek feedbacks, instructions, information, and suggestions for how the work plan shall proceed. During the project, the researchers shall keep frequent contact with the Receiving Agency’s Project Team and Project Manager to update the progress and resolve any issue. Task 1: Literature Survey and Summary of Existing Models. The researchers shall conduct a thorough literature review on the subject of drainage for PFCs. Specifically, the researchers will synthesize existing knowledge in the literature based on research-related information including but not limited to:

State-of-art techniques regarding drainage prediction.

0-6843 Exhibit B

2

The strengths and weaknesses of the existing prediction tools (including the model to be developed by the research team).

Classification of the existing prediction tools into theoretical, empirical, and numerical categories and their ranges of applicability.

The designing tools and chart and relative performance. Relevant laboratory and field measurement data available and incorporated usage to this

project. Task 1 Deliverables: Technical memorandum1 (TM1) shall summarize the important findings of the literature review, including information related to the above itemized issues and others as discovered during Task 1. This task will be jointly undertaken by UTSA and TTU. UTSA will be responsible for the synthesis and writing of the technical memorandum. Task 2: Physical Modeling – Large-scale Testing. The goal of this task is to develop a physical model to measure water depth both within and on

the pavement surface for various road geometries. The Performing Agency will conduct a set of physical model tests on a reasonably large (but not full scale) apparatus to develop a data set to calibrate the numerical model so it can be used for the parametric study in a subsequent task. Task 2.1: Lab facility modification

It is relatively easy to measure flow depth and velocity on the pavement surface. However, to measure flow properties inside the pavement is not that straightforward. Thus, a specially designed measurement device and procedure will be used inside the pavement. Essentially, an array of holes with a diameter of 0.5 inch will be drilled into the PFC distributed over the test section of the pavement. Visual inspection as well as tape measurement of flow depth inside these holes will be carried out during the experiment. In addition, inclined manometers will be placed on the bottom side of the PFCs to measure the hydrostatic pressure at these hole locations. Task 2.2: Quantification of drainage properties of PFC

The drainage properties (mainly the hydraulic conductivity) of typical PFC materials will be tested using standard procedures, such as constant head and falling head tests. These values will be very important for the calibration of numerical models. Task 2.3: Experiment set

As specified in the research project statement, the physical modeling work will consider various road geometries. Accordingly, four general configurations will be examined: 1. a normal pavement with PFC (baseline), 2. a super-elevation transition, 3. a sag condition, and 4. a near-zero longitudinal slope. The rainfall rates will be adjusted to model three conditions: trace rainfall to only slightly involve the PFC, mid-range rate to fully involve the PFC, but not produce ponding, and high-range to generate ponding and over-pavement flow conditions. Longitudinal (along travel direction) slopes will be varied to be representative of existing conditions. Corresponding to the three conditions, the free-surface profile along the cross slope has three possibilities which are presented in Fig. 1.

0-6843 Exhibit B

3

Figure 1. Possible free surface profiles along the cross slope.

In the design of various roadway geometries, both an approach and exit slope is anticipated as a super-elevation transition, sag or fly-over return to grade will involve a mid-section slope change. In Table 1 below, the experimental conditions for the slopes are listed.

Table 1: List of the experiments that will be conducted Configuration Approach

Longitudinal Slope

Exit Longitudinal Slope Average Transverse (cross) Slope

Normal condition

0.005, 0.01,0.05 N/A 0.001, 0.002, 0.005

Super-elevation transition

0.005,0.01,0.05 0.001, 0.002, 0.003 0.001,0.002,0.005

Fly-over return to grade

0.005,0.01,0.05 0.001, 0.002, 0.003 0.001,0.002,0.005

Multi-lane, low slope

0.001,0.005,0.01 0.001,0.005,0.01 0.001,0.002,0.005

Task 2 Deliverables: TTU shall lead this task. At the end of this task, the performing agency shall submit technical memorandum 2 (TM2) to the Receiving Agency, which shall include the details of the experiment conditions, results, and analysis.

Task 3: Numerical Modeling.

The water flow induced by rainfall is a complicated dynamic process involving infiltration, seepage and run-off. To cope with the complexity and requirements of TxDOT practice, a comprehensive numerical modeling package will be used to simulate the coupling process of run-off over the pavement surface and subsurface flow (seepage) inside the PFC. Figure 2 shows the schematic of the modeling framework. It consists of two parts: 2D nonlinear hydrodynamic model for the surface run-off and fully 3D subsurface flow model for seepage within the PFC.

0-6843 Exhibit B

4

Figure 2. Modeling framework for the coupling between surface run-off and subsurface flow in PFC.

Various numerical modeling techniques for shallow flows (sheet flow in this case) have been used for surface run-off problems. They are based on kinematic wave model (KW, balance between gravity and resistance), diffusion wave model (DW, balance between gravity, pressure gradient, and resistance), or dynamic wave model (DYW, considering all forces). KW and DW models are useful for moderate slopes in a super-elevation transition; however, for very small slopes, their applicability is questionable due to oversimplification. The Performing Agency will utilize DYW for the run-off which involves both longitudinal variation and lateral spreading as shown in Fig. 3.

Figure 3. Schematic view of the 2D sheet flow over curbed pavement. The spread T changes along the longitudinal direction. However, water depth H and velocity U are both functions of x

and y.

For the seepage within the PFC, a fully 3D porous media flow equation will be solved. The equation has the form of

0-6843 Exhibit B

5

[𝐶(ℎ) + 𝑆𝑠𝑆𝑤]𝜕ℎ

𝜕𝑡= ∇ ∙ [𝐾(ℎ) ∙ ∇(ℎ + 𝑧)] + 𝑄

where h is the head, K(h) is the hydraulic conductivity, z is the vertical position, and Q is the source term due to rainfall. Q only applies at upper boundary of the PFC.

The run-off and seepage will be coupled through the conservation of mass and momentum at the interface. Task 3.1: Model calibration

The researchers shall calibrate numerical models using the experimental data obtained from Task 2. The slopes, the pavement conditions and rainfall intensity will be the same as the experiments. The hydraulic conductivity obtained from Task 2 will be used in the modeling. The Manning's roughness n will be adjusted until the numerical models yield good predictions of spread and water depth with the experiments. If the calibration is not successful for certain experimental condition, it suggests that the measurement error in the experiment might be too large and unacceptable. It could also be due to the error in the numerical model setup. Both possibilities will be explored. This exercise is necessary to guarantee the high quality of results. Task 3.2: Water flow within and on PFC without underdrain

The focus of this sub-task is to investigate the water within and on PFC without underdrain. Various pavement slopes (transverse and longitudinal), rain intensities, and pavement widths will be studied in this sub-task. The PFC thickness will be 2 inches (50 mm) or otherwise specified by TxDOT. The water surface under various conditions will be developed. The important parameter obtained from this sub-task is the thickness of the water layer, Hw that is a function of rainfall intensity, and pavement slopes (longitudinal and transverse). The hydraulic conductivity of PFC, of course, influences the water flow; however, it is not considered as a variable in this study. The thickness of the water will be presented as pavement transverse slope and rainfall intensity in a figure. A series of figures will be developed to vary the longitudinal slope. For pavement sections with changing longitudinal slopes such as super-elevation transitions listed in Table 1, different combination of approach and exist longitudinal slopes will be investigated to develop figures. Task 3.3: Water flow within and on PFC with underdrain

The focus of this sub-task is to investigate the water within and on PFC with underdrain. Various pavement slopes, rain intensities, and underdrain sizes will be studied in this sub-task. The achieved results will be compared with these from Task 3.2 to obtain the reduction of water thickness, ∆H, due to underdrains. The reduction will be maximal at the locations directly above the underdrains and decrease gradually as getting further from the underdrains as illustrated in Fig. 4. For this sub-task, the reduction of water thickness will be presented in a figure as a function of underdrain sizes and the distance from the underdrains. Since rainfall intensities and pavement slopes are also variables, a number of similar figures will be created to consider the different rainfall intensities and pavement slopes.

0-6843 Exhibit B

6

Figure 4. Water reduction due to underdrain.

Task 3 Deliverables: UTSA shall lead this task. At the end of this task, the performing agency shall submit the technical memorandum 3 (TM3) to the Receiving Agency, which will include the details of the method, numerical models, completed parametric study and important findings.

Task 4: Analysis Procedures, and Design Procedure and Tools for PFCs.

Task 4.1 Analysis procedure

Some of the field conditions may not be fully covered in this study. Task 4.1 serves as a foundation to analyze any particular condition encountered. The major product of this sub-task is a well calibrated numerical model with operation details for the use of TxDOT engineers. Task 4.2 Design tools

For commonly encountered situations, a design procedure will be formed and is outlined in Fig. 5. With the yielded data from Tasks 1-4, the Performing Agency may make modifications.

Figure 5. Preliminary design procedure.

0-6843 Exhibit B

7

4.3 Design of sag segments

To allow the design procedure shown in Fig. 5 applicable for sag segments, a conversion of water thickness, Hw is needed. The conversion follows the principle of mass conservation of water, namely the total amount of rainfall for two equal areas should be the same, which leads to the conversion shown in Fig. 6. First, the total volume of water for the none-sag segment, having an area equal to the projected area of the sag segment, is calculated. This volume should be equal to the volume of water at the sag segment. Thus, the water thickness, Hw' at the sag segment can be calculated. Once the water thickness is obtained, the design procedure presented in Fig. 5 can be used to design underdrain. It is noteworthy that the calculation of the total water volume may need to consider the shape of the water surface.

Figure 6. Conversion to water thickness for sag segment

Task 4 Deliverables: UTSA shall lead this task in writing up the analysis and design procedures and the detailed documentation on how the use the design tools developed in this project. TTU shall participate in this task by summarizing the relevant parts of work. Task 5: Project Management

The research team shall implement a project management plan that will foster communication between the research team and the Receiving Agency Project Team, and ensure the results of the research are implementable to TxDOT. This project management plan includes the preparation of monthly progress reports as well as frequent meetings between the Research Team and TxDOT. To ensure a continuous flow of information between the Performing Agency and TxDOT, the Project Supervisor (PS) will provide the TxDOT Project Manager (PM) with monthly status reports. The PS shall provide status reports within the first five working days at the beginning of each month and will continue throughout the duration of the project. In addition to monthly progress reports, the research team shall meet with the TxDOT Project Team at least twice a year to discuss progress on the research, obtain direction, and address any critical issues that may impact progress or implementation of the research results. The anticipated meeting schedule for the project is as follows:

A kick-off meeting within the first two weeks from the notice to proceed. A mid-term progress meeting approximately 18 months after the notice to proceed. A wrap-up meeting one month before the end date of the project.

0-6843 Exhibit B

8

The Performing Agency shall conduct each meeting in Austin, unless an alternate location is agreed upon by the Project Team. The PS shall attend each meeting in person. Other members of the research team may participate in person or via web conferencing as needed. Receiving Agency will make web-conferencing available to those participants who are unable to attend in person. The research team shall be responsible for preparing the presentation materials for the meetings as well as providing meeting notes after each meeting. The PS will prepare and distribute meeting notes to the Project Team within two weeks of each meeting. This task will continue throughout the duration of the project. In addition, the Performing Agency shall produce a set of examples of how to use design tools, which warrants a task-level consideration. The examples will be part of the final report. UTSA will lead this task with the help of TTU. 4. Identification of Information Technology (IT)

None. 5. Assistance by TxDOT Personnel

Guidance from the TxDOT Project Team will be provided throughout the duration of the project. Assistance from TxDOT hydraulic and pavement engineers will be required, as well as communications through phone and email, and to obtain relevant data. Some involvement of TxDOT personnel on developing application examples is also anticipated. A preliminary list of the anticipated assistance from TxDOT is presented below for each task:

Task 1 – none Task 2 – TxDOT needs to provide research team with PFC design information to allow

the research team to build pavement sections for large-scale testing. Task 3 – none Task 4 – none Task 5 – provide a typical case to allow the research team to develop a design example

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Deliverables Table

Project No. 0-6843

Form DelTable (Rev. 5/2013)

(RTI)

Note: Deliverables on this Table are not considered accepted by TxDOT until formal notice is provided by the RTI Project Manager. All written deliverables should be submitted to [email protected]. For instructions of submission procedures for other formats, see chapter 7 of RTI’s University Handbook. The Research Supervisor is ultimately responsible to TxDOT for all deliverables, no matter what agency is assigned as the primary developer. However, the primary developer should be listed under the column “Primary Agency” for each deliverable.

Status Reports: The research supervisor must submit written progress reports at least monthly outlining work and staff utilization. Reports should be submitted to the project manager no later than the 3rd day of the following month (July 3 for the June status, August 3 for July status, etc.).

Technical Memoranda: A technical memorandum documenting work completed for each task shall be listed on this table as deliverables.

Deliverables: Deliverables will be as specified on the Project Statement (Research Project) or IPR (Implementation Project). Examples of products typically most appropriate as stand-alone items include Guidebooks, Training Materials, Devices, Instruction Manuals, Brochures, and Software.

No.

Deliverable Description

Due Date (before project

termination)

Primary Agency

Comments

R1 Research Report 11/30/2016 UTSA Literature review, details of the experimental and numerical study, and design procedure

PSR Summary of work performed, findings and recommendations

12/31/2016 UTSA Outline of the study and important findinds

TM-1 Technical Memorandum for Task 1

2/28/2015 UTSA Summary of the literature review

TM-2 Technical Memorandum for Task 2

06/30/2016 TTU The experiment conditions, results, and analysis

TM-3 Technical Memorandum for Task 3

09/30/2016 UTSA Numerical simulations details, including the method, models, parametric study and important

findings TM-4 Technical Memorandum for

Task 4 10/31/2016 UTSA The analysis and design

procedures Revision Number: Date Updated: 12/31/2014

Schedule of Research Activities Form Schedule

Project 0-6843: Evaluating Use of Sub-Grade Drains with PFC for Stormwater Drainage (Rev. 5/2013)(RTI)

Created Date:

Note: Each task must produce one or more deliverables. All deliverables should be submitted to [email protected].

RRRRREstimated Cost of

Task Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug

277,293.00$

Revision History: 11/20/2014

Task 4

Literature review

Physical model modification and tests

Original Schedule

Work CompletedRevised Schedule

Task 1

Task 2

Total (should = total budget)

FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017

Research Activity

Monthy Progress Reports

180,405.00$

Numerical modeling 52,298.00$

5,850.00$

19,880.00$

Analysis and design tools 18,860.00$

Project management

Task 3

Task 5

Project #0-6843 10 of 10