project : electrification of the semi-urban areas of ... · 3. brief description of the project...
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PROJECT : ELECTRIFICATION OF THE SEMI-URBAN AREAS OF
OUAGADOUGOU AND BOBO-DIOULASSO (PEPU)
COUNTRY : BURKINA FASO
SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
(ESMP)
Appraisal
Team
Team Leader Adama MOUSSA, Principal Electrical Engineer ONEC.1/MAFO
Team Members
Pierre DJAIGBE, Principal Energy Officer ONEC.1/SNFO
Facinet SYLLA, Principal Country Economist ORWA/BFFO
Modeste KINANE, Principal Environmentalist ONEC.3
Pierre Ouedraogo, Procurements Officer ORPF.1/OSHD.0
Oumar Ouattara, Principal Financial Management
Expert
ORPF.2/SNFO
Hassan P. SANON, Social Development Expert ONEC.3
A. K. OUEDRAOGO, Disbursements Assistant FFCO.3/BFFO
Sector Division Manager Zakou AMADOU ONEC.1
Resident Representative Antoinette BATUMUBWIRA BFFO
Sector Director Alex RUGAMBA ONEC
Acting Regional Director Abdellatif BERNOUSSI ORWA
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP
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Project Title: Electrification of the Semi-Urban Areas of Ouagadougou and Bobo-
Dioualasso (PEPU)
SAP Project Code: P-BF-FA0-007 Country: Burkina Faso
Division: ONEC Department: ONEC-1
1. Introduction
This document is a summary of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) of the
Electrification Project for the Semi-Urban Areas of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioualasso (PEPU).
In accordance with national regulations and requirements of the Integrated Safeguards System (ISS)
of the African Development Bank (AfDB), the project is classified in Category 2.
This summary was prepared in accordance with AfDB guidelines and procedures for Category 2
projects. It describes the project and its environment, followed by its key environmental and social
impacts as well as the requisite mitigation and improvement measures. The summary then presents
the public consultations held during ESMP design and development, and then concludes with a
description of the monitoring programme and attendant costs.
2. Description of the Main Project Components
The project’s development objective is to increase access to electricity in Burkina Faso, and
specifically in the semi-urban areas of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso. It seeks to restructure
and strengthen the electrical distribution networks in both cities and expand them to the semi-urban
areas through: (i) the construction of new MV and LV power lines; (ii) the creation of new MV/LV
transformer substations and the reinforcement of existing ones; (iii) the upgrade of kiosk substations
from the radial (single power supply) to the loop (dual power supply) distribution system; and (iv)
the completion of 17,500 connections to households.
The project builds on the study on restructuring and extension of the electricity networks in the city
of Ouagadougou, financed by the Bank under PRIELER. The study proposed appropriate technical
solutions for better structuring and flexibility in the operation of the distribution network in this city
and its extension to planned semi-urban areas. As regards the city of Bobo-Dioulasso, the project
is based on a study conducted by SONABEL, which recommended the implementation of a number
of actions to rehabilitate and strengthen the electricity distribution networks in the city, address
various operational constraints and electrify new suburbs in an effort to satisfy strong social demand
for electricity. The project has the following four components:
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Table 1
Project components (amounts in UA million)
No. Name of components Description of components
A Infrastructure
Ouagadougou:
- Installation of an MV underground network of 217 km
- Construction of an MV overhead network of 150 km
- Construction of an LV overhead network of 996 km
- Creation of 184 pole-mounted MV/LV transformer substations
- Creation of 148 pad-mounted MV/LV transformer substations
- Reinforcement of 20 existing kiosk MV/LV substations
- Upgrade of 90 kiosk substations from the radial to the loop distribution
system
- Establishment of 14,500 connections
Bobo-Dioulasso
- Installation an MV underground network of 0.5 km
- Construction of an MV overhead network of 21 km
- Construction of an LV overhead network of 151 km
- Creation of 05 pole-mounted MV/LV transformer substations
- Creation of 04 kiosk MV/LV substations
- Establishment of 3,000 connections
B Study
- Conduct of the study on restructuring and extension of electricity
networks and creation of a central load dispatching office (CLDO) in
Bobo-Dioulasso (including the ESIAs)
- Conduct of the study on a load dispatching centre (LDC) for the
distribution network in Ouagadougou
C Capacity building
- Staff training on the operation of distribution networks
- Update of SONABEL’s calculation software (PLS - CADD) and training
of staff in charge of studies and planning
- Procurement of operating and network maintenance equipment
D Project
Administration and
Management
- Works control and supervision
- External audit of project financial statements
- External audit of procurements
- Procurement of IT equipment and office furniture
- Procurement of two project supervision vehicles
- Environmental and social management of the project
- Operation of the Project Executing Unit
- Staff costs and allowances
The total project cost, net of taxes and customs duties, is estimated at UA 37.76 million, comprising
UA 32.28 million in foreign exchange (85%) and UA 5.48 million in local currency (15%). It was
estimated based on the unit costs of similar works and supplies during recent competitive bidding
launched by SONABEL. This cost includes a 5% provision for physical and technical contingencies
and a 5% provision for price escalation. Project costs by component, financing source and
expenditure category are presented in the tables below.
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Figure 1
Geographical location of the Ouagadougou Project Area - Source: SONABEL 201
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Figure 2
Geographical location of the Bobo-Dioulasso Project Area - Source: SONABEL 2015
The staff of the African Development Bank Group (AfDB) have included these maps for the exclusive use of readers of this
report to which it is appended. The appellations and the demarcations on this map do not imply any judgment on the part of the
AfDB Group and its members concerning either the legal status of a territory or the approval or acceptance of its boundaries.
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3. Brief Description of the Project Environment
3.1 Definition of Zones for Biophysical Impact Analysis
To better understand the impact on the project environment, three areas of analysis were identified,
namely: the restricted or direct project area, the local project area, and the regional project area:
The restricted or direct project area is the right-of-way of about 0.5 metres on
either side of the trench dug for the underground power line. For the overhead lines,
the direct project area is 1.5 metres on either side of the line alignment. This is the
space within which the infrastructure will be concentrated.
The expanded project area which is 1 metre on either side of the trench for
underground lines and 1.5 metres on either side of the overhead line alignment.
The cumulative project area includes the concerned districts and council areas of
Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso.
These distinctions facilitate understanding of the constraints and advantages of the approach
adopted by SONABEL.
3.2 Definition of Zones for Social Impact Analysis
The local study area is 1 metre on either side of the trench for underground power lines and 1.5
metres on either side of the overhead line alignment;
Expanded study area: It includes the relevant districts and council areas of Ouagadougou and
Bobo-Dioulasso.
For aspects related to the cultural heritage, the study area is the right-of-way of the underground
power line.
3.3 Physical Environment
3.3.1 Climate and Rainfall
Ouagadougou Municipality: This municipality has a North Sudanese-type tropical climate
characterized by two alternating and very contrasting seasons. The temperature sometimes reaches
42° C in March – April and the rainy season begins in June (although the first rains fall in May and
sometimes in April). In October-November, the rains begin to cease but the temperature begins to
drop (on account of December which is the coldest period: the temperature falls to 15°C),
accompanied by the harmattan, a very dry wind. The dry season runs from December to April. In
December and January, temperatures drop but remain largely tolerable. In February and March, the
temperature quickly rises again, frequently reaching 40° C. The rainfall pattern mirrors that of the
Centre Region. It is irregular and varies from one year to another. The average annual rainfall
remains significantly close to 705 mm.
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Bobo-Dioulasso Municipality: This municipality is located in the South Sudanese-type climate
zone, which has an average annual rainfall of 900 mm to 1,200 mm. This area also has two seasons,
namely: (i) a dry season from October to May; and (ii) a rainy season from June to September.
Meanwhile, the temperature fluctuates fairly widely between seasons: There is: (i) a warm period
from March to April with temperatures reaching 36.5 ° C; (ii) a cool period from May to September
with maximum temperature of 21.3°C; (iii) a warm period in October with maximum temperatures
of 33.3°C; and (iv) a cool period from November to February with minimum temperatures of
19.5°C.
3.3.2 Topography and Geomorphology
Ouagadougou Municipality: The topography in this municipality is relatively flat. The average
altitude does not exceed 300 metres and more than three quarters of the region’s territory lies
between 250 and 350 metres, representing a spot elevation of 100 m. From the geomorphological
standpoint, Ouagadougou municipality largely consists of granite gneiss basement rock
interspersed by multi-shaped outcrops. The relief of the region shows a large peneplain. The
description of topographic features suggests a gently undulating relief whose most prominent
features are eroded slopes crisscrossed by a fairly dense hydrographic network of shallow and
largely seasonal watercourses. The overall bedrock is largely composed of undifferentiated
migmatites and granites, which date back to the "ante birimian” period and cover 99.99% of the
region. Neutral-to-alkaline metavolcanic rocks formed during the Birimian period are also part of
the bedrock; covering an infinitesimally small portion, that is 0.01%.
Bobo-Dioulasso Municipality: The relief of Bobo-Dioulasso is akin to that of Houet Province and
has essentially two main topographic features, namely plateaus and plains. Almost the entire
municipality of Bobo-Dioulasso lies on a primary sandstone plateau that extends between latitudes
11° and 13° North and Fouta Djallon (Guinea) and continues all the way to the southwest of Burkina
Faso. The relief of Bobo-Dioulasso is more accentuated (average altitude of 430 metres) than the
national average (350 metres). This topography, which mirrors that of the region, accounts for this
area's appellation of "Hauts Bassins" [Upper River Basins], and many prominent rivers take their
rise from there, namely: the Kou, Mouhoun, Comoé, Léraba and other rivers.
3.3.3 Hydrography
Ouagadougou Municipality The city of Ouagadougou is part of the hydrographic network of the
Centre Region and its southern border (Bazega). This hydrographic network is relatively dense.
Indeed, the watercourses that run through the region over 386.62 km, belong to two major basins,
namely: the Nakambé basin (average flow of 65 m3/s in July, 1445 m3/s in August, 106.7 m3/s in
September according to DGEP 2007) and the Nazinon basin (average flow rate of 0.63 m3/s to 5.32
m3/s). The city of Ouagadougou also has several artificial water bodies (Boulmiougou dam, Dams
Nos. 1, 2 and 3 constructed mainly on the Nakambé basin.)
Bobo-Dioulasso Municipality: Most of Bobo-Dioulasso town is drained by the waters of the Houet
catchment area. It slightly overlaps to the East on the Niamé basin, to the south-east on the Comoé
basin and to the south-west on the Kou basins. The hydrographic network of Bobo-Dioulasso
municipality is characterized by the presence of four major watercourses with fairly intermittent
flow, namely the Houet, Niamé, Bongbelé and Kou. The Houet flows through most of Bobo-
Dioulasso municipality from the south-west to the north-east.
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3.3.4 Soil
Ouagadougou Municipality: The soils of the area are predominantly leached, hardened, tropical
ferruginous soils, whose surface layer is usually sandy or sandy-clay in texture, with the clay having
a high kaolin content. Hence, intense rainfall, droughts and the duration of the dry season lead to a
deterioration of cultivable soils and the destruction of their structure, thus affecting the agricultural,
forestry and pastoral yields of the region.
Bobo-Dioulasso Municipality: There are essentially two main types of soil in Bobo-Dioulasso
municipality. (i) Tropical ferruginous soils: they are characterized by their high content of iron and
manganese oxides and hydroxides which give them a red or ochre colour. They are generally
associated with all the other families of soils and are often leached due to the abundant rainfall in
the municipality. Their water retention capacity ranges from average to good because they are deep
soils. Appropriate techniques have made it possible to develop these lands for the cultivation of
millet, sorghum and groundnut. (ii) Hydromorphic soils: these soils are especially associated with
ferruginous soils on the banks of streams and characterized by temporary water overflow. They are
found in strips or extensive low-lying plains and are generally suited for the cultivation of sorghum,
maize and rice, when they hold the right amount of water.
3.4 Biological Environment
The main plant species found within the power line alignments differ little from one city to another.
Ouagadougou Municipality: The main species are: delonix regia: 20.51%; cassia siamea: 14.22%;
gmelina arborea: 11.42%; eucalyptus camaldulensis: 10.49%; wild kolanut (6.53%), willow
(5.83%), mangifera indica (4.43%), azadirachta indica: 3.96%; ficus gnaphalocarpa, (6.99%),
blighia sapida (3.03%), vitellaria paradoxa (2.80%), cassia sieberiana (2.56%) and terminalia
macroptera (2.56%). In its north-east periphery near Saaba, there are: weeping willow (28.57%),
delonix regia (18.37%), cassia siamea (14.29%), wild kolanut (14.29%), azadirachta indica
(12.24%) and eucalyptus camaldulensis (12.24%). Furthermore, the Bangr Weoogo Urban Park
(265 hectares), located almost in the centre of Ouagadougou (to the north-east), is completely
fenced. Restructuring of the electrical network under this project includes a power line which will
be built along National Highway No. 4 which runs along the southern side of the Park.
Bobo-Dioulasso Municipality: The main species are: mangifera indica (43.84%), ficus polica
(24.14%), ficus gnaphalocarpa (10.34%), gmelina arborea (9.85%), eucalyptus camaldulensis
(5.91%) and vitellaria paradoxa (5.91%). For Bobo-Dioulasso, the alternatives introduced led to the
abandonment of the area located near Nasso forest; the project is now concentrated in Sector No.
30 within the inhabited area.
3.5 Human Environment
3.5.1 Population of the Project Area
Ouagadougou Municipality: According to INSD projections, the current population of
Ouagadougou is approximately 1,906,004 inhabitants. It is composed of 48% men and 52% women.
The urban population represents 95% of the resident population. The growth rate is estimated at
9.8% per year for a density of over 6,249 inhabitants per km². Over the past 10 years, Ouagadougou
has experienced a population explosion compared to other areas of the region. One of the main
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causes is certainly rural exodus which brings a considerable number of people, especially the youth,
to urban areas, as they look for gainful employment or are simply attracted to city life. The gender
and age distribution of the population shows that 41% of the population is less than 15 years old,
while those in the potential labour force age group of 15-65 years represent 66%. This attests to the
youthfulness of the population in the Centre Region. Those above the age of 65 years represent only
2.49% of the total population.
Bobo-Dioulasso Municipality: With a spatial coverage of over 13,678 ha, Bobo-Dioulasso had
231,162 inhabitants, according to the 1985 census. The growth rate is 7.23%, meaning that it had
412,000 inhabitants in 1995. According to the 2006 census, the city had 489,967 inhabitants. The
population is currently estimated at 537,728 inhabitants, with women representing 50.4%. The
youth are also in the majority, constituting approximately 57% of the total population.
3.5.2 Administrative Organization
Ouagadougou Municipality: Ouagadougou Municipality is part of the Central Region created by
Law No. 2001-013/AN of 2 July 2001 to demarcate administrative regions. This area corresponds
to the province of Kadiogo for the Centre. According to the new administrative map, Ouagadougou
is subdivided into an urban council area with a special status that has 12 (twelve) districts and 55
sectors.
Bobo-Dioulasso Municipality: Bobo - Dioulasso municipality is part of the Hauts Bassins Region
and has 7 (seven) districts and 32 (thirty-two) sectors according to the new administrative map.
3.5.3 Socio-Economic Activities
According the INSD (2009b), the dominant economic activities performed by the labour force, and
based on GPHC 2006, are agriculture, stockbreeding and fishing (79.2% of the employed labour
force), services and trade (9.3%) and, lastly, artisans and labourers (5.6%). Meanwhile,
performance of different types of activities varies with place of residence and gender. Thus, agro-
pastoral and fishery activities are more widespread in rural areas than in urban areas. They are
carried out by 92% of the rural labour force, compared to only 25% in urban areas.
In contrast, services and trade activities as well as handicrafts and labourer jobs are significantly
more prevalent in urban areas (case of the cities of Ouagadougou and Bobo) than in rural areas with
respectively 33.7% and 17.8% for urban areas against respectively 3.6% and 2.7% for rural areas.
As regards gender, women are more represented in trade and agriculture than men. Meanwhile,
there are more men than women employed as craftsmen and labourers overall and in urban areas.
Poverty in Burkina Faso is particularly high in rural areas with an average of 50.7%, compared to
19.9% in urban areas. Hence, the Centre Region (case of Ouagadougou) has the lowest poverty rate,
with 17.3%.
In the districts of Ouagadougou, the socio-economic activities practised in the project area are:
- kiosks for coffee and light meals (spaghetti, sandwich, soup, etc.);
- shops selling hardware, clothes, food, various spare parts;
- women’s market counters (selling groundnut, cake, bread, pancake, etc.);
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- sites selling wood and charcoal, brick factory;
- laundries, etc.
In Bobo-Dioulasso, the main socio-economic activities in the project area are essentially kiosks and
small markets. These small markets essentially sell tomato, salt, oil, etc.
4. Main Environmental and Social Impacts and Climate Change Risks
4.1 Impact-Generating Activities
The impact-generating activities during the construction phase are:
- installation of the construction site and workers’ camps;
- transportation and circulation of workers, machinery and materials;
- clearing of the right-of-way;
- staking out of the alignment for overhead power lines;
- excavations for underground power lines and for the poles;
- disposal of the excavated material and attendant waste;
- raising, alignment, wedging of the support base and concreting;
- supply and installation (PVC pipes at road crossings, cables, warning grid,
transmission rack, pulling of conductors and connection of lines);
- works on filling the trenches;
- recruitment of labour; and
- tree planting to replace felled trees.
During the operational phase the impact-generating activities are:
- movement of maintenance and monitoring vehicles;
- routine maintenance of overhead equipment (pruning, painting of poles, replacement
of insulators, lubrication of MOOS (mechanically-operated overhead switches),
connections to the ground);
- maintenance of underground transmission equipment;
- large-scale maintenance after accidents (stake out the area again, excavate, prepare
new support bases and racks, raise and concrete the support bases, lay the new line
to replace the fallen line).
4.2 Analysis of Alternatives and Approach to Minimizing Impact
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The negative impacts of the project are few, largely reversible and will be easily mitigated through
various recommended measures. Hence, the project was classified under Category 2 in accordance
with the Bank's operational safeguards and in Category B according to national procedures. This
study confirms the project's classification in Category 2.
At the national level, work is ongoing in the planned areas of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso;
in accordance with decentralization texts, municipal authorities exercise control and manage public
property. Normally the newly developed residential layouts should have had environmental and
social impact assessments (ESIA) because land development projects are classified in Category A
pursuant to national environmental regulations. These ESIAs would have factored in environmental
concerns and facilitated the implementation of projects like this one. However, these layouts which
created residential plots were developed without an ESIA. Consequently, the municipal authorities
have no environmental management plan for managing public lands.
The area directly impacted by the project is linear. The works are expected to be executed on public
land while respecting the various specifications provided for in the relevant urban layout plans. To
mitigate the negative impact of these activities and make up for the failure to conduct ESIAs during
the planning of new districts, several alternatives were adopted:
Case of uncompleted layouts: Some (2) two cases have been identified; the Zongo
neighbourhood in Ouagadougou and Sectors 18, 28, 29, 31 and 32 of Bobo-
Dioulasso. Since the layout has not been completed in these areas, various homes
remain on public roads; the electricity networks scheduled for these areas have been
transferred to other areas (Table 2).
Table 2
Analysis of the alternatives for uncompleted layouts INITIAL ENCUMBERED AREA NEW AREA (Cleared-up roads)
Bobo-Dioulasso Sectors 18, 28, 29, 31 and 32
Bobo-Dioulasso District 2 - Sector 30: sites of two
kiosk substations cleared up
ZONGO NEIGHBOURHOOD
District 09, Sector 39 Bangpooré sections 383, 384 ...
Source: ESMP May 2016 version
Cluttered Roads: Two cases have also been reported, namely passage of the
Dapoya - Paspanga underground line and installation of the substation at Tounouma;
the solutions are to change the line alignment and the site of the substation (Table
3).
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Table 3
Analysis of the alternatives to occupied roads INITIAL OCCUPIED AREA NEW AREA (Cleared-up roads)
Bobo-Dioulasso: Tounouma Cemetery - Buildings
with solid materials
Bobo-Dioulasso: 30 P 363085 1237934 District No.
4, Sector No. 15 - empty space near CMA
Ouagadougou: garage and houses on the initial
alignment of the underground line in Dapoya
- Paspanga
Follows Stree12-18 and ends at the paved road
New alignment: From (30P661121 - 1369513) to (30
P 661320 to 1369547) - GPS UTM
Source: ESMP May 2016 version
Preservation of the cultural heritage: The old alignment passes in front of the
entrance to the Goungha Naaba compound on the east side of the street and
encroaches on the cultural site (Goungha Naaba sacred site). The alignment was
corrected. The new alignment passes on the west side of the street and avoids the
sacred site;
Erroneous location of overhead transformers: During the AfDB assessment
mission, it was noted that some transformers were located on privately-owned land.
After verification, it was found that some GPS coordinates provided by the studies
were wrong. A decision was, therefore, taken to check all transformer sites and the
following corrections were made to avoid the destruction of property.
Table 4
Erroneous location of overhead transformers:
TRANSFORMER INITIAL LOCATION NEW LOCATION
Transformer 85 30P 669726 -1370026 30P671822 - 1369664
Transformer 90 30P670847 -1370347 30P670895 - 1370358
Transformer 89 30P 670529 1370578 30P670552- 1370649
Transformer 218 30P 669901 1371974 30P669912-1371958
Transformer 217 30P 670226 1372122 30P670182- 1372010
Transformer 215 30P670680- 1372458 30P670655 - 1372423
Transformer 211 30P671157 -1372696 30P671142-1372664
Source: ESMP May 2016 version
4.3 Summary of Impacts
Table 5
Summary of impacts Impact Findings - Evaluation
Air pollution by gas
emissions and dust
particulates
During the construction or operational phases, the machinery used has a negligible
effect on normal city traffic. The project's impact on air quality is not noticeable, hence
there is no need for mitigation measures.
Surface and
groundwater pollution,
human contamination
The type of works (mounting of small beams in concrete and laying of cables in
trenches) has no significant impact on water. The risk of pollution and contamination
comes from the 'dielectric' oils used in the various transformers. Care must be taken to
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ensure that the transformer cases are water proof, especially to avoid contamination of
the oils by pyralin (PCBs).
Increase in water-borne
diseases
These types of projects have no impact on water and therefore cannot have any impact
on water-borne diseases. Hence, there is no need for any measures.
Soil pollution by oil
products and waste oils
A project of this nature executed in town, has no workers’ camps. The companies rely
on city garages to maintain their vehicles and the construction sites do not generate any
particular kind of pollution.
Soil erosion and
formation of portholes
Poles are set up using concrete which projects above ground level. Trenches that are not
properly refilled cause holes or soil erosion. The mitigation measure should relate to
filling up of the trenches.
Noise pollution The urban environment is already noisy. Projects like the current one do not cause any
significant additional noise. Hence, there is no need for measures.
Risk of STD spread Since there are no workers’ camps, this type of project does not involve a concentration
of workers on one site. Each worker stays in his/her home and returns there every
evening. The spread of STDs is an abiding feature of urban and suburban life. Hence,
there is no need for any special measures.
Disruption of drinking
water supply and
telephone services
The digging of trenches for underground power lines could damage water pipes.
Measures should be taken to ensure that the digging of trenches does not affect water
supply pipes.
Industrial accident and
road accident risks
Since all the works are executed in the street, they could cause accidents for workers
and locals. The QSE plans of contractors should contain all the appropriate measures.
Disruption of access to
homes and economic
activities
Digging of trenches will disrupt access to various homes and small shops along the
streets. Measures have to be taken to ensure an appropriate staking out of the site, and a
method adopted to rapidly close the trenches.
Pruning of trees
The works will lead to much pruning of trees. All cases of tree felling should be recorded
for compensatory reforestation at completion.
If excavations (on public land) lead to a chance discovery (tombs, art objects), the competent
services will be contacted to indicate the appropriate procedure to follow. Meanwhile, another
location will be found for the pole since such slight modifications are common during the
installation of overhead lines.
4.4 Impact during the Mobilization and Construction Phases
The negative impacts on the biophysical and human environment, during the preparation phase, are
classified as slight to medium.
Biophysical Environment
Impact on air quality: Clearing and earthworks at the pole sites, excavation for
pylons and digging of trenches for underground power lines will generate local
impacts. These include the deterioration of air quality due to preparation activities
(dust and exhaust missions, noise and vibration generated by the works, etc.).
Impact on the soil and water: Local disturbance of the soil structure, increased
water turbidity, various pollution risks, etc. are expected at installation sites for poles
and underground lines and at excavation sites for pylons. Given the nature of works
and the materials used, there is no expected pollution of the soil and water outside
the project sites, especially regarding underground power lines. The installation of
poles and certain structures (transformer substations, manholes in the underground
section of loop substations) in areas with steep slopes, may cause erosion. However,
this risk is low since the general relief of the project area is relatively flat.
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Impact on animal and plant life: As indicated in the presentation on the
biophysical framework of the project, the wildlife is insignificant and even non-
existent in the direct project area. Only small animals like rodents, reptiles, insects
and, to a lesser extent, birds nesting in the trees that will be felled, will be affected.
The flora that will be affected are shrubs and a few trees mainly at the pole sites.
Impact of waste: The soil and water (surface and ground water), could be
contaminated locally through direct discharge of liquid waste (including waste
drainage oils) and solid waste (rubble, household garbage, etc...). Moreover,
“dielectric” oils from various transformers also pose a risk of pollution and
contamination. Indeed, recent analysis from the DNES of SONABEL has shown
that transformers manufactured 'outside the EU’ from 2009 to 2010 contain oils that
are highly diluted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These oils are not very
biodegradable and can be spread through bioaccumulation in the food chain.
Human Environment
Disruption of community mobility and noise pollution: The works will disrupt
mobility on the major roads concerned and, to a lesser extent, access to homes and
businesses. Noise will occasionally disrupt the tranquillity of project area
communities.
Impact on human health, hygiene and safety: The nature of the works involves
risks for human health, hygiene and, above all, safety. A special point is devoted to
this subject in paragraph 5.7.
Risk of conflict: During the works, there could be conflicts resulting from the
recruitment of workers if this activity is not organized transparently. Similarly, in
case of desecration of sites and/or rites, there could also be conflicts between local
communities and workers of the contractor or its subcontractors. Lastly, in the event
of accidental destruction of property without rehabilitation or adequate
compensation, conflicts could subsist between the contractor and the communities
concerned.
Risk of destruction of cultural property: As indicated in the analysis of alternative
solutions considered, sacred sites have been avoided. Moreover, the digging of
trenches could affect underground vestiges. Although such risk is limited, it cannot
be ignored. An appropriate procedure must be adopted.
4.5 Impact During the Operational Phase
Biophysical Environment
Impact on air quality: No negative impact on the quality of air is expected
during the operational phase, given the nature of the equipment used (power
lines and transformers).
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Impact on the soil and water: No negative impact on the quality of air and water
is expected during the operational phase, given the nature of the equipment
used (power lines and transformers).
Impact on animal and plant life: No impact on the plant and animal life (mainly
birds) is expected, except for some pruning of trees during maintenance.
Impact of waste: If transformers using PCBs are not excluded, the main
pollution risk during the operational phase would come from PCB oils which are
not very biodegradable and can be spread by bioaccumulation in the food chain.
Human Environment
Disruption of community mobility and noise pollution: Apart from breakage of
power lines, no disruption of mobility is expected during the operational phase in
the event of failure to comply with safety instructions.
Impact on human health: In the operating phase, the communities and
SONABEL workers will be at risk of exposure to electric fields and electric shock.
Risk of conflict: Except in case of accident, this risk is very low.
Impacts on human health, hygiene and safety: The nature of the works involves
risks for human health, hygiene and, above all, safety. Detailed analysis of this
subject is presented in paragraph 5.7.
4.6 Positive Impact
The project will enhance the comfort and health of the most vulnerable population including women
and children. It will afford the women more time to take care of themselves and their families, to
educate themselves and take care of their economic activities.
Better access to electricity will also improve the quality of social services (health, education,
drinking water) which are much used by women and children.
Implementation of the project will have the following positive impacts on women, girls and
children:
greater access to electricity and lighting which will enhance the well-being of at least
115,000 women and girls from the project area;
consolidation of women’s income-generating activities (IGAs), mainly through the
development of small businesses and the promotion of small-scale processing of
agricultural products, carried out mostly by women;
stimulation of local employment during the construction and operating phases
through application of an inclusive recruitment policy. Measures will be taken to
ensure that at least 15% of unskilled jobs are taken by women and girls.
15
4.7 Positive Social Impact
The positive impact of the project during the preparation, construction and operating phases are:
the creation of temporary jobs to generate income for local workers through the
construction of power lines and compensatory reforestation;
temporary job creation/income generation activities for women selling food
(doughnuts, beans, porridge and meals of all kinds) and vulnerable groups residing
near the construction sites;
reinforcement of the energy capacity of SONABEL;
improvement of the living conditions of nearly 34,998 households in semi-urban
areas by ensuring access to electricity (This would amount to at least 222,000
beneficiaries including at least 115,000 women, and enable the families concerned
to use TV sets (better access to media, news and entertainment), recharge their
mobile phones at home, and develop small businesses thanks to the availability of
electricity (restaurants, hairdressing salons, nightclubs, cine clubs, petty trading at
night, etc.));
the safety of people and property as well as cultural events thanks to street lighting
along the major roads in selected districts;
improvement of study conditions for pupils and students who will now be able to
revise their courses at home; along the major roads in districts benefiting from public
lighting under this project; and in the schools and colleges located in the project area.
Improvement of the working conditions in health centres would lead to better care
for the sick.
4.8 Cumulative Impact
The main works in the project area that will create cumulative impacts are the development of
highways in both cities. These primarily relate to the mobility of persons and access to homes and
businesses.
4.9 Climate Change
The project is not vulnerable to climate risks and is thus classified in Category 3 as regards climate
change. Similar facilities in areas closest to the project area (Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso)
were not affected during the floods of September 2009.
5 Enhancement/Mitigation Measures, Including Climate Change
5.1 Impact Mitigation Measures During the Preparation and Construction Phases
16
These measures concern the general requirements of the contract that the contractor must implement
to protect the environment. The impacts for which the terms of reference of the contractor prescribe
mitigation measures include: air pollution, soil and water pollution, environmental pollution by
waste, runoff water drainage, sand sludge management, works site safety and health, etc.
The works contractor will be selected through bidding documents (BDs). In accordance with ESMP
implementation arrangements and upon notification of the contract, the contractor shall develop an
Environmental and Social Management Plan under the supervision of the Control Mission and the
Project Coordination Unit, which will be validated by SONABEL. This plan is a detailed replica of
the practical implementation of measures contained in the ESMP developed after the environmental
and social impact assessment (ESIA), for the preparatory and works phases.
The environmental requirements prescribed in this chapter must be taken into account during
drafting of the Environmental and Social Management Plan for the project.
5.2 Mitigation Measures for the Operational and Closing Phases
5.2.1 Biophysical Environment
Impact on air quality: The works contractor shall carry out the following actions
to reduce these emissions: (i) cover material (excavated material, gravel, crusher-run
stone, etc.) with tarpaulin during handling and transportation; (ii) limit the deposit
of excavation material to the project site. Moreover, it must scrupulously comply
with the following measures: (i) ensure mandatory wearing of dust masks for its
workers; and (ii) strictly enforce speed limits in settlement areas and on construction
sites.
Impact on soil and water: The contractor must comply with environmental
requirements during site installation. For instance, it must: (i) develop a parking area
for its machinery; (ii) develop a materials management plan; and (iii) take measures
to fuel its vehicles directly at service stations or, where necessary, develop sites
specifically for that purpose. It must also ensure that rubble and other excavation
waste from the trenches are deposited far from rice-farming areas.
Impact on animal and plant life: The contractor must limit the felling and pruning
of trees to a minimum. Compensatory reforestation is planned under the project. This
involves a provision of 2000 trees to replace those that will be felled on public lands
at the rate of five trees planted for each tree felled. Calculation of the replacement
value includes the protective grids, maintenance costs and other expenses. Tree
species will be selected in collaboration with the E&F, local authorities and
beneficiary communities.
Impact of waste: In its bid, the contractor must submit a plan for managing solid
and liquid waste from the project (type of waste, collection methods, envisaged
treatment method and disposal site) in accordance with the urban plans of both cities.
The approval and the implementation of this plan will help to mitigate all waste
management impacts/risks. As concerns PCBs, the specifications are included in the
17
BDs. The PCB content of dielectric oils must be below 2ppm. Before any on-site
reception of oils, samples will be collected for testing with L2000DX.
5.2.2 Human Environment
Disruption of community mobility and noise pollution: Works will be conducted
in accordance with the statutory timeframe - i.e. between 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. Given
the kind of machinery that will be used, it is not expected that any noise will be
generated beyond the standard limit allowed during the day. Given that night work
will be prohibited, the project will not disrupt the tranquillity of the local community
at night. Works sites will be clearly marked out. Provision will be made for the
appropriate detours and road signs. Awareness raising prior to the commencement
of works will enable the local population to pre-empt any inconveniences, such that
the impact will be minimal.
Impacts on human health, hygiene and safety: The nature of the works involves
risks for human health, hygiene and, above all, safety (see point 5.7 for more details).
Measures relating to risk of conflict: The population must be informed of the
works in time to prevent any risk of conflict. Recruitment must be transparent and
preference given to local labour in order to reduce recruitment-related conflicts.
Priority should be given to sensitizing workers on respect for local rites and cultures
in order to avoid conflicts stemming from the desecration of local rites and customs.
Provision is made for conducting sacrifices in accordance with local customs, prior
to the commencement of works.
To help improve living conditions for children and women, the project intends to:
(i) connect electricity to government schools and health centres in the neighbourhoods
concerned;
(ii) provide public lighting in the main streets of the neighbourhoods concerned, for
security reasons;
(iii) initiate an IEC preventive campaign to promote the sustainable management of
energy (various topics will be developed);
(iv) recruit at least 15% of women for the unskilled jobs that will be created.
18
Table 6
Summary matrix of the key mitigation measures for negative impacts
To ensure that these measures are effective, the bidding file submitted must include them. At works
commencement, the contractor will be presented to the municipal authorities at a start-up meeting
during which the various mitigation measures will be reiterated. The contractor's Hygiene, Security
and Environmental Plan must be verified and approved prior to the effective commencement of
works. Implementation of these measures will be jointly monitored by the municipal councils and
SONABEL.
Monitoring reports will be drafted and should contain all events noted on the project site.
- Degraded landscaped land;
- Number of trees pruned;
- Number of trees felled;
- Dates on which trenches will be dug;
- Dates on which trenches will be refilled;
- Date of excavation;
- Date of concreting of poles;
- Main findings.
5.3 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures
Even if the risk is minimal, special attention must be paid to: (i) the selection of sites for kiosk
substations to avoid flood-prone and submersible areas; (ii) sizing of platforms for kiosk substation
platforms to keep them above water; (iii) sizing of the poles, taking into account the prevailing
Negative Impact Mitigation Measure:
1 Disturbance, disruption of
commercial activities
Stake out the works sites with warning signs
2 Difficult access to homes
Plan underground works well - digging of trenches, laying of cables
and filling of trenches on the same day
3 Trees to be felled
Keep a tally of trees felled; 1 tree felled = 5 trees planted
4 Destruction of landscaped land:
pavers, concrete
The breadth of the trench should be as small as possible. Pavers,
slabs, bricks, tiles and, in general, all the separate elements should be
removed with the utmost care as they would be re-used to fill up the
trench (see BDs §6.4). The concrete should be repaired after the
works
5 Risk of pollution from waste Transformers containing more than 2 ppm of PCBs will be excluded;
Approval and implementation of the waste management plan by the
contractor
5 Health, safety and hygiene risks The contractor's Hygiene, Security and Environmental Plan must be
prepared, verified and approved prior to works commencement
19
winds. Regarding the latter point, the equipment will be sized based on the following wind speeds:
(i) strong at 72 km/h; (ii) exceptional at 130 km/h. With regard to mitigation, the project will offer
cleaner energy alternatives to households and thus help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
5.4 Management of Safety, Health and Hygiene Risks
To hedge against health, safety and hygiene risks, some measures will be finalized during
construction of the power line and its commissioning. Aspects relating to workers’ safety, health
and hygiene are deemed essential and should be part of the QSE plan of each contractor. The key
elements that will underpin safety, health and hygiene management are the operation of a
training/information programme for workers, the preparation of manuals on safety aspects, the
development of response and emergency procedures, the distribution of protective equipment, the
fire protection system, the monitoring of workers’ health and maintenance of a risk register
(documentation on the number, circumstances and types of accidents).
The measures for preventing and controlling risks associated with live power lines include: (i)
allowing only trained and certified workers to install, maintain or repair electrical equipment; (ii)
powering off, and ensuring the grounding of, live electricity distribution lines prior to the
commencement of works on or near such lines; (iii) ensuring that work on live lines is carried out
by trained workers with strict adherence to safety and insulation standards. Workers qualified or
trained to work on transmission or distribution networks must be able to:
o distinguish between the live components and other elements of the power grid;
o determine the voltage of live components;
o correctly determine the minimum safety distance for work on live lines;
o ensure that workers operating near the live components of an electrical system or
exposed to such components, make proper use of safety equipment and comply with
the applicable procedures;
ensuring that workers do not approach conductive or exposed live components,
even if they have undergone the requisite training, unless:
o the workers are duly protected with gloves or other approved insulating protective
gear;
o the live component is properly separated from the worker and from any other
conductive object; or
o the worker is adequately insulated from any other conductive object - i.e. separated
from said object by an insulating agent (work on live lines);
defining, within a health and safety plan, the required training programme,
safety measures, personal safety equipment and other precautions to be taken
when maintenance and operational activities are to be conducted within a
distance less than the minimum safety distance;
20
- although labourers are not directly involved in transmission and distribution
activities, they work near power lines or substations and, consequently, must
comply with the regulations, standards and guidelines regarding the minimum
distances for digging, pruning, parking of tools and vehicles and other
activities;
- the minimum response distance when using an insulating stick cannot be
reduced unless the remaining distance is greater than the distance separating
the live component from a grounded surface.
The measures for preventing and controlling risks associated with overhead works include:
- checking the soundness of structures prior to undertaking the work;
- implementing a fall protection programme which comprises:
o training in climbing techniques and the application of fall arrest measures;
o inspection, maintenance and replacement of fall arrest equipment; and
o rescue from falls;
- establish criteria for using complete fall arrest equipment (typically when the
worker is operating above 2 m from the work platform, with this height
sometimes extending to 7 m, depending on the activity). The fall arrest system
must be adapted to the structure of the pylon and to specific movements, such
as climbing, descending and moving from one point to another;
- install the fixtures on components of the pylon to facilitate the use of fall arrest
systems;
- install a good positioning mechanisms system for workers. Positioning system
connectors must be compatible with the elements of the pylon to which they
are attached;
- ensure that elevating devices have the standard characteristics and are well-
maintained and that operators get the required training;
- use safety belts made from double nylon lined with at least 16 mm (5/8 inch)
or any other material of equivalent strength. Rope safety belts must be replaced
prior to the emergence of signs of aging and wearing of the fibre;
- wear a second (reserve) strap for workers who operate power tools on overhead
facilities;
- remove panels and other congestive items from the installation sites for poles
or other structures prior to the commencement of works;
- use an approved tool bag for raising or lowering tools or other materials used
by workers working on the structures.
21
It is necessary to keep track of occupational risks related to project-specific working conditions.
These activities must be designed and executed by experts approved within the context of a
programme for monitoring hygiene and safety in the workplace. The various construction sites must
also keep a register of industrial accidents, occupational diseases, hazardous events and other
incidents.
5.5 Emergency Plan
5.5.1 Development of Emergency Response
An emergency response plan should be developed to ensure safe, fast and effective intervention in
case of incidents that may result from project activities. Emergency response activities are designed
to directly tackle emergency situations and their consequences and to establish command and
control of the incident site, ensure the safety of persons involved, develop action plans and facilitate
communications. The emergency situations addressed in the plan will include: (i) supplies to the
construction sites (poles, cables, cells, transformers, etc.); (ii) vehicle fires; (iii) transportation of
personnel or equipment; (iv) accidental spillage (aggregate, etc.); (v) staff health and safety (injury,
death, etc.); and (vi) road traffic (injuries, damage, etc.).
5.5.2 Organization of Emergency Response
To organize and manage emergency response activities, it is important to implement an incident
management system whose main objective is to establish and maintain command of the incident
and emergency response activities. An incident management team should be available at any time
to ensure the mobilization of emergency response resources in case of incident.
5.5.3 Circulation or Movement on the Construction Site
Staff and vehicles must park or move only on developed or authorized tracks. Markers and traffic
signs must be properly installed on all construction sites in public spaces.
A programme of detailed environmental actions for the sites, containing the following information,
is recommended at commencement of works:
- a signage plan for the construction site, indicating the various traffic signs and
markers to be erected;
- an on-site plan on solid and liquid waste management (collection, envisaged
treatment method and disposal site) in accordance with the urban plans of both cities;
and
- a description of planned safety measures (fire, traffic accidents);
5.5.4 Personal Protective Gear
The gear provided to the staff will comprise:
- electrician helmets for powerline workers and mechanics’ helmets for civil
engineering workers installing pad-mounted transformers;
22
- complete climbing equipment for overhead cables (lanyards, safety belts and ropes,
gloves, etc.);
- appropriate protective footwear for all types of work;
- retro-reflective vests for those working during the day or night on public highways;
and
- work outfits adapted to each type of activity.
5.5.5 Storage Area for Materials
Each contractor shall prepare storage areas for work site materials and equipment, which include:
(i) cable reels; (ii) poles; (iii) cells and electrical transformers; (iv) accessories for power lines and
electrical substations. In general, works of this nature in the city do not require a workers’ camp
because each contractor uses its offices in the city. Nevertheless, they need space to store the poles
that will subsequently be spread out along all the power line corridors.
5.5.6 Masonry Work
Companies installing the kiosk substations must take the following measures: (i) identify the
locations for deposit of materials: sheets, wood, windows...; (ii) organize the storage of aggregate
such that it does not block roads; (iii) take safety measures during installation of the transformers;
and (iv) provide adequate signage.
5.5.7 Movement of Machinery and Parking on Public Roads
All movements and handling of machinery and loads shall be subject to the regulations and codes
in force. For reasons of safety and space, construction and public works machinery cannot be parked
on the pavements or sidewalks of major roads. They shall be parked in predefined and organized
spaces at the end of each work period.
5.5.8 Accessibility and Safety for Locals
Local residents’ access to their homes and businesses must be facilitated by the contractor. Other
measures will be taken to prevent accident risk. These are: (i) road safety during the works; (ii)
filling of the trenches as works progress to ensure that no one falls into them; and (iii) covering up
excavated areas at the end of each day and for not more than 2 (two) days, while ensuring that the
area has appropriate night markers and signage.
5.5.9 Availability of Network Location Plans
Upon completion of works, each contractor shall submit the exact location plans of the constructed
network to SONABEL. This information may be made available to other developers in the area.
6 Environmental and Social Monitoring Programme
The goal of environmental surveillance and monitoring is to ensure the effective implementation of
environmental measures. Its main objectives are to: (i) enforce the applicable laws, regulations and
strategies within the relevant services; (ii) ensure consideration of and compliance with contractual
23
terms; (iii) comply with government directives on the guidelines laid down by the ESIA/ESMP
report; (iii) submit an environmental assessment if impacts emerge that were not predicted in the
ESMP and propose adequate solutions; (iv) allow the contractor to promptly react to the failure of
a planned mitigation measure or any other unforeseen environmental disturbance.
The table below summarizes some of the key monitoring indicators.
Table 7
Summary of key monitoring indicators Monitoring areas Technical
indicator
(impact)
Type of
monitoring
activities
Periodicity Stakeholders in
charge of the
activity
Relevant
monitoring
indicators
Vegetation/natural
heritage
Disappearance
of vegetation.
Loss of
ornamental
trees
Monitoring of
compensatory
reforestation
Twice a
year, before
and at the
end of the
rainy season
over a
period of
four years
SONABEL/
/BUNEE
Success rate
Health, safety and
hygiene
Risk of accident Monitoring
implementati
on of the
contractor’s
Health, Safety
and
Environment
Plan
Weekly and
monthly
SONABEL (Target: The plan
was prepared and
approved before
the beginning of
the preparation
phase.)
100% of incidents
and accidents are
settled/monthly
Homes and socio-
economic
infrastructure
Inconvenience
caused to
owners of
homes and
socio-economic
property (snack
bar terraces,
kiosks,
workshops,
etc.)
Monitoring of
the
rehabilitation
of trenches
At
commence
ment and at
completion
of works
SONABEL/BUNEE Number of
complaints filed
Number of
complaints
addressed
24
Waste management Water and soil
pollution
impact and risk
Monitoring of
waste
management
During
works
(weekly and
monthly)
SONABEL/BUNEE Target: The waste
management plan
is approved
before
commencement
of works
100% of the
waste is collected
and disposed of
appropriately
Sacred sites Destruction or
desecration
Monitoring of
incidental
discovery
procedures
During the
works
SONABEL Initiation of the
procedure in case
of a chance find
Source: Construction from the ESMP version of May 2016
7 Public Consultations and Dissemination of Information
The Government of Burkina Faso adopted a participatory approach during project design and
implementation. The consultation process calls for the full community involvement in the
identification of needs, monitoring of activities and their evaluation from a citizen control
perspective, sharing of knowledge and know-how, participation and social effectiveness.
In this regard, two types of stakeholders were consulted on their expectations, concerns and
grievances. These were institutional stakeholders (governors, mayors and municipal councillors,
district heads), neighbourhood chiefs, elders and the project area populations.
Hence, the technical and financial studies of the project, the environmental and social impact
assessment and the environmental and social management plan were prepared through a
participatory approach. Similarly, during the Bank’s project preparation and appraisal missions, the
AfDB team visited the sites in Ouagadougou, Saba and Bobo-Dioulasso and met with the various
project stakeholders, including institutional stakeholders and representatives of the project area
communities. It also had the opportunity to discuss with residents of the areas concerned during the
field visit.
During ESIA and ESMP preparation, the consultancy firm, in collaboration with SONABEL,
organized a dozen public meetings from 18 February to 14 March 2016 respectively in
Ouagadougou (Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, and 11), Saaba Rural Council and Bobo-Dioulasso
(Districts 2, 4 and 7). These meetings with the local community and resource persons made it
possible to: (i) identify their concerns and interests in the project; (ii) characterize the socio-
economic environment; (iii) identify major impacts and mitigation proposals; and (iv) educate the
communities on the impact of the project and the mitigation measures for any negative impact.
A summary of the dates is provided in the table below:
25
Table 8
Summary of meeting dates Variants Date
Meeting with the PDS in District 1 18/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 2 09/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 3 09/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 4 09/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 6 25/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 9 09/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 10 09/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 11 09/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS of Saaba Rural Council 09/02/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 2, BOBO 14/03/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 4, BOBO 14/03/2016
Meeting with the PDS in District 7, BOBO 14/03/2016
The meetings were also an opportunity to invite all stakeholders involved to give their opinion on
the project proposals and to lay the foundation for concerted implementation of actions planned
under the project, with a view to pushing future beneficiaries to take ownership of the project from
the preparatory phase to the operational phase.
During the meetings, various stakeholders reminded participants of the relevance of the project to
their city in general and the selected semi-urban neighbourhoods in particular, considering that it
seeks to improve the quality of life in the communities and improve their well-being. Furthermore,
the views of stakeholders, expressed as concerns, expectations and complaints, were factored into
the discussions the content of which is presented below.
A summary of the concerns, expectations and grievances of institutional stakeholders and
communities of Ouagadougou, Saba and Bobo-Dioulasso is presented in the table below:
Table 9
Summary of the concerns, expectations and complaints
Stakeholders/
Institutions
Points discussed Concerns and fears Suggestions and
recommendations
Technical service
of SONABEL and
PRIELER
Definition of the
corridor
Approach adopted by
SERF to involve the
community
Information of key
stakeholders
Non-definition of the breadth
and length of the corridor could
generate major environmental
challenges
The failure to involve key
stakeholders, namely the
municipalities, could delay the
execution of the mission
After the discussions,
agreement was reached on a
breadth of 1 (one) metre for
the underground corridor
and 6 metres for the
overhead corridor
SERF proposes a
participatory approach in
order to involve all
stakeholders in the success
of the mission
26
Stakeholders/
Institutions
Points discussed Concerns and fears Suggestions and
recommendations
Municipalities of
Ouagadougou and
their districts
Project information
Perceptions of the
environmental and
social challenges of
project
implementation
Experiences relating
to environmental
monitoring and the
resettlement of
project area
communities
Main concerns and
recommendations for
the project
The late involvement of the
local authorities in the project
implementation process has
often been a problem
The awareness raising
component for the communities
concerned is often neglected in
the process
Increase the awareness of
everyone involved in the
process
Involve local authorities in
project implementation very
early
Involve technical municipal
services in the works
Municipalities of
Bobo-Dioulasso
and their districts
The problem of load shedding
is recurrent and paralyzes
socio-economic activities
In the unplanned or newly
planned areas of District 4,
there are persons who refuse to
vacate the sites, claiming that
they have not received any plots
Increase supply either
through new power stations
or new connections
These areas will not be
affected by the project
works
Focus group with
the customary
leaders, resource
persons, people
occupying the
public space
reserved for the
works
Project information
Perceptions of the
environmental and
social challenges of
project
implementation
Environmental
monitoring
experience
Main concerns and
recommendations for
the project.
The negative impacts of the
project on people and the
natural environment are not
well known
Trenches are dug without
adequate rehabilitation
measures
Clarifications on the exact
alignment are a very important
dimension
Increase the involvement of
local authorities and local
technical services in project
implementation
Trenches must be closed as
the works progress
Consider awareness raising
as a determinant of project
success
Reduce connection costs
Find solutions to reduce
load shedding
Environmental,
agricultural and
livestock services
Environmental
challenges of project
activities
Protected areas and
biodiversity sites
Procedures for
felling forest species
Forestry taxes and
levies
Previous
reforestation
experience
Suggestion/recomme
ndation for the
project
Try to avoid protected species
in the project area
The application of tree felling
taxes is enshrined in the forest
code and measures should be
taken to ensure exemption
from tax, given the national
relevance of the project
How is a complaint filed?
One of the objectives of
this study is environmental
optimisation
Officially contact the
Minister of the
Environment to secure such
exemption
A complaints and conflicts
settlement mechanism is
proposed
Public meetings held during Bank preparation and appraisal missions to Ouagadougou, Saaba and
Bobo-Dioulasso, with the authorities of Burkina Faso, SONABEL, the competent municipal
authorities, local leaders and representatives of the project area community, revealed the great
27
attachment of these stakeholders to this project which they were the first to request. Their recorded
expectations were to:
(i) increase electricity generation to avoid aggravating the current load shedding;
(ii) ensure that all streets in project districts are passable;
(iii) adopt a special social electricity connection price that guarantee access for all
households and especially the vulnerable;
(iv) equip government health centres and schools located in unplanned parts of the
project area (provide solar kits, where possible);
(v) establish and maintain dialogue, consultation and negotiation between stakeholders;
(vi) involve municipalities and associations in project management including through
information, awareness raising and mobilization of the communities concerned, as
well as facilitation of works implementation; and
(vii) provide public lighting of the streets in the project area.
In sum, the beneficiary communities and institutional stakeholders enthusiastically welcomed the
project and impatiently await its implementation.
The project must be an opportunity to communicate on sustainable energy management in Burkina
Faso. To that end, it is recommended that broad IEC campaigns be developed on different themes
that address local concerns relating to energy access and usage. The strategy will focus on
information, awareness raising, education, social mobilization and capitalization. The provision of
environmental and social information on the project should commence with launching days, or a
series of public announcements.
Provision is made for a complaints resolution mechanism to address the complaints and conflicts
of workers and local residents about project impact. For the ESMP, it will be kept active during all
phases of the project.
The ESIA report was disclosed and approved by the National Environmental Assessments Bureau
(BUNEE) on 16 May 2016.
8 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building Requirements
8.1 At the Institutional Level
SONABEL, in collaboration with the National Environmental Assessments Bureau (BUNEE), is
responsible for monitoring the implementation of this ESMP.
8.2 Framework for ESMP Implementation and Monitoring by SONABEL
28
SONABEL, placed under the ministry in charge of energy, is empowered by a decree authorizing
the execution of electrical works on public land. Pursuant to this decree, SONABEL, in consultation
with local authorities, ensures the construction and maintenance of power lines and substations on
public lands. The Department of Standardization, Environment and Safety (DNES), responsible for
managing safety and the environment in all projects, requires capacity building to support the
implementation of all projects. Indeed, after obtaining the various project implementation permits,
the department is no longer able to monitor the implementation of various environmental
management plans.
Currently, SONABEL will need partners to implement this project. The structures that will be able
to support SONABEL are BUNEE, municipal councils, CVDs and electricity works companies.
Table 10
Capacity building proposal Training Modules Number of
Employees
BUDGET (CFA)
1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2 15,000,000
2 ESMP Implementation: supervision and
environmental and social monitoring of projects
2 10,000,000
3 Health - Safety in electrical networks: regulations,
tools, equipment, etc.
2 20,000,000
4 Safety management OHSAS 18001 in electricity
distribution networks
1 10,000,000
Replacement of workers from the Department of Standardization, Environment and Safety
To maintain the current balance of environmental, social and safety activities, SONABEL will
have to replace the following employees in the normal permanent staff budget.
Table 11
Replacement of staff Service Function Year Comments
Safety Service
Service Head
2016
Retirement due in 2017, but needs to have a
full year of training Safety, Distribution and
Transmission Officer
2017
Quality/Standardization
Service
Service Head 2016 Position currently vacant
Quality Standards and
Procedures Officer
2016 Retirement due at the end of 2016
NB: Staff replacement will not be borne by the project
Support to the Department for Standardization, Environment and Safety - ESMP
implementation
To overcome the ESMP implementation difficulties of the Environment Service, it should be
supported with a local independent consultant for three months during demarcation of sites,
excavations to erect poles and preparation of trenches for underground power lines.
29
9 Cost Estimates
Table 11 below presents the summary environmental and social costs of the project, broken down
as follows: (i) environmental, hygiene and safety measures; (ii) capacity building plan; (iii)
compensatory reforestation; (iv) community awareness raising; (v) monitoring of ESMP
implementation.
Table 6
ESMP Costs Key Measures Cost estimate (CFA.F)
Environmental, hygiene and safety measures
Safety, Quality and Environment Plan of each contractor 160,000,000 (included in
the contractor's contract) Signage plan of the construction site
Solid and liquid waste management plan of the construction site
Emergency response plan
Capacity building plan
Training for DNES staff; 55,000,000
DNES staff replacements SONABEL HR dept.
budget
Provision for compensatory reforestation 15,000,000
Community awareness raising 20,000,000
Monitoring of ESMP implementation
Support of ESMP monitoring consultant 5,000,000
Surveillance & monitoring / SONABEL 10,000,000
Surveillance & monitoring / BUNEE 9,000,000
Total 274,000,000
Source: ESMP May 2016 version
10 Implementation Schedule and Communication of Information
Implementation of the project’s environmental management comprises:
- the works contractor's starting meeting with the local authorities to be held one
week after receiving the order to commence works;
- the establishment and demarcation studies to be conducted after meeting with local
authorities;
- validation of the installation of substations and power lines to be done two or three
weeks after submission of the installation report;
- validation of the Quality Health and Safety (QSE) Plan of contractors - according
to the actual works schedule;
- control of the organization of various project sites: construction of substations,
excavations and digging of trenches, and storage of construction materials, to be
done throughout the works;
- pruning and felling of trees throughout the duration of works;
30
- rehabilitation of soils damaged by the trenches throughout the project, and as the
works progress;
- compensatory reforestation to be done in consultation with companies,
municipalities and SONABEL.
Table 13
Planned project implementation schedule
Source: REP June 2016
Reporting
Environmental and social monitoring reports will be produced every month during the construction
phase. A quarterly report will be submitted to the AfDB every three months during the preparation
and construction phases.
Periodic environmental report: keeping a register on the inspection of facilities and weekly meetings
recording all breaches of environmental contamination risk management procedures.
11 Conclusion
According to the environmental and social analysis of works sites per project area (local and
regional), environment (physical, biological and human) and project phase, it is clear that this
project will have potential low-to-average negative effects on the environment and social life in the
project area.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
APPROBATION ET MISE EN VIGUEUR
Approbation par le Conseil d'Administration du prêt et du don FAD
Signature des accords de prêt et de don FAD
Mise en vigueur de l'accord de Prêt FAD
INSFRASTRUCTURES ELECTRIQUES
Extensions et restructuration des réseaux MT/BT de Ouagadougou
Recrutement des entreprises
Fourniture équipements, montage et restructuration des réseaux électriques
Extensions et restructuration des réseaux MT/BT de Bobo-Dioulasso
Recrutement des entreprises
Fourniture équipements, montage et restructuration des réseaux
Branchements à Ouagadougou & à Bobo Dioulasso
Recrutement des fournisseurs et livraision des matériels et des compteurs
Réalisation des branchements et pose des compteurs
ETUDES
Recrutement d'un bureau d'études
Etudes de structuration et d'extension des réseaux et d'un BCC à Bobo-Dioulasso
Etude d'un Centre de Conduite (CC) du réseau de distribution à Ouagadougou
RENFORCEMENT DES CAPACITES
Formations
Recrutement de consultants
Fourniture des équipements, matériels d'exploitation et de maintenance
ADMINISTRATION ET GESTION DU PROJET
Contrôle et surveillance des travaux
Recrutement de l'ingénieur-conseil
Contrôle et surveillance des travaux de restructuration et d'extension
Audit externe des états financiers du projet
Recrutement de l'auditeur externe
Realisation des audits audits financiers
Audit des passations de marchés
Recrutement de l'auditeur externe
Réalisation des audits des passations de marchés
Acquisition de matériels informatiques et mobiliers de bureau
Acquisition de 02 véhicules de supervision
Gestion environnementale du projet
Achèvement du projet
Suivi de l'exécution du projet par la Cellule d'exécution
2019 2020DESIGNATION
2016 2017 2018
D
N°
A
B
C
31
The strict implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) will mitigate
and/or offset such potential impact. Indeed, depending on the type of activities in the solar power
plant, the ESMP recommends specific measures. The ESMP will be implemented with the
participation of administrative, municipal and local authorities.
12 Bibliographical References and Persons to be Contacted in Case of Need
12.1 References
SERF (2016). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Report for PEPU
12.2 Contact Persons
For SONABEL
Mr François de Salle Ouédraogo E-mail: [email protected]
For AfDB
1. Mr Adama MOUSSA, E-mail: [email protected]
2. Mr Modeste KINANE, E-mail: [email protected]
3. Mr Pierre Hassan SANON, E-mail: [email protected]