project for dted student

7/28/2019 Project For DTEd student

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A study of effectiveness of the programme

developed for I

s t

standard students toimprove, use of articles in English.

This report is submitted for the partial fulfillment

of the D.Ed course.

By:Tilekar Madhura

Std: S.Y.D.T.Ed

Div: B

Roll.No: 02

Guide:

Mrs.Shehnaaz shaikh

Submitted to:

M.C.E Society Junior College Of Ed ucation

(English Medium)

Azam Campus, Camp,Pune-411001.

July-2013.


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INDEX

No of thechapter

Chapters PageNo

Tit leCert i f icateSelf declarat ionAcknowledgementList of TablesList of Appendices

1 Introduct ion/ topics of research1 .1 I nt ro du ct io n/ ba ck gr ou nd1.2 Need of the problem1.3 Importance of the

problem1.4 Statement of the

problem1 .5 O pe ra ti on al d ef in it io n1.6 Object ives1.7 Assumptions and

Hypothesis1.8 Sample1 .9 Sc op e a nd L im it at io n

2 Review of relatedl i terature

2.1 Review of relatedl it er at ur e f or r es ea rc h

work2.2 Innovat ions and

u se fu ln es s o f r es ea rc hwork


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3 Implementat ion of

research3 .1 Re se ar ch Me th od ol og y3.2 Sample3 .3 T oo ls an d T ec hn iqu es of

Action Research3.4 Remedial measures

4 Collect ion of I nf or ma ti on a nd da ta ,i t s Analysis andSynthesis

4.1 Presentat ion of information and data

4.2 Analysis andinterpretat ion

4.3 Conclusion

5 Summary, Conclusion,Recommendation

5.1 Summary5.2 Conclusion5.3 Recommendation/

Suggest ion5.4 Suggest ion for fur ther

research

Reference and Appendix* List of the reference

books/ bibl iography* Appendix


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List of Appendix:

Page.noA List of studentsB Marks of pre-test and post-testC Deviation of pre-test and post-test scoresD Pre-test paperE Post-test paperF Permission letterG Certificate of completion

Certificate

This i s to cer ti fy tha t T il ekar Madhura , S td :S.Y.D.T.Ed, Div: B, Roll.No: 02 has completed the

repor t wr i t ing on A s tudy of ef fec t iveness of the

programme developed for I s t standard students to improve,

use of ar ticales in English of Action Research for

academic year 2012-2013.

Name of the Guide: Shehnaaz Shaikh


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Signature:

Signature of Principal:

Self Declaration

I , Ti lekar Madhura, Std: S.Y.D.T.Ed, Div:B Roll .No-

02, has submit ted my Act ion Research repor t toM.C.E. Socie ty Junio r Co ll ege Of Educa tion

(English Medium) Pune411001.

Date:

Sign of Researcher :


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Acknowledgement

I am grateful to Almighty God for giving me the ability

to complete my research work in time . I am very grateful to

my subject teachers Mrs. Aateka. Khan and Mrs. Shehnaaz. Shaikh

for giving their valuable guidance as in explaining each chapter in

detail and giving us valuable information and details of how the

research work has to be done. I am grateful to the principal of

Shantabai Ladkat School, the primary supervisor, the teachers and

students who co-operated and gave their precious time, to

complete my research .

I am also thankful to my principal Mrs. Sabrina. Khan for

her co-operation.


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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION / TOPIC OF RESEARCH


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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION / TOPIC OF

RESEARCH

Page. no

1 .1 I nt ro du ct io n/ ba ck gr ou nd1.2 Need of the problem1 .3 I mp or ta nc e o f t he pr ob le m1 .4 S ta te me nt o f t he p ro bl em1 .5 O pe ra ti on al d ef in it io n

1.6 Object ives1 .7 A ss um pt io ns an d H yp ot he si s1.8 Sample1. 9 S co pe an d L imi ta ti on


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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION / TOPIC OF

RESEARCH

1.1 Introduction:

English language is the most widely spoken language

in the world. It is used as either a primary or secondary

language in many countries.

During the1500s,fewer than 2mil l ion people spoke

English.All of them lived in what is now United

Kingdom.Through the centur ies,as the resul t of var ious

histor ical events, English spread throughout the world.

Today,about 400 mi l l ion people speak Engl ish as the i r

native language.Another 100million people,chiefly l iving

in India, Pakistan and in many African countr ies,

speak English in addition to their own language,because

of thi s we s ee mo st of the p eo ple in In di a who fi nd

problems while communicating in English.

English language is a window to the world as now-a-

days English language is used in every aspect of life.


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1.2 Need of the problem:

Need to learn using Articles:

It is needed because you want to change your practice . You

may be concerned that things might not be going as you wish,

or you may need to implement a new initiative but are ensure

how to do it effectively . What you want is a way of sorting

out these concerns that offers practical solutions , but that derivesfrom the specific circumstances of your practice . You know that

someone elses solution may have merits , but that is never quite

right for the individual situation within which you work . You

know that practice is always influenced by context . The act of

finding your solution makes you understand your practice better-

not only what you are doing , but also the factors that affect

what you do . Action research therefore has two aspects . The

starting point is to sort out a problem or issue in practice ; to

this extent an Action Researcher seeks a solution . But the

process can also be used as a deliberate attempt to understand

practice better- a traditional research attitude.


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1.3 Importance of the problem

Importance of using Articles :

The aim of an action researcher is to bring about

development in her. practice by analyzing existing practice and

identifying elements for change.

.

It helps to speak grammatically correct sentence.

To develop creativity in student.

To create interest in English subject.

To help the students to understand the concept more

clearly and easily.

It helps to develop English language.Student can acquire

the knowledge of grammar.

1.4 Statement of the Problem:-


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A studyof effectiveness of the programme developed

f o r I s t s tandard s tudents to improve use of Ar t ic les in

English.

1.5 Operational Definition: -

Effectiveness: -

(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) producingthe intended result, impressive, striking.

Programme:-

(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) a set of

instructions that you plan to do.

I s t standard students :-

Students who have passed U.K.G standard & are

currently studying in I s t standard.

Articles:-

(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) The

Adjective a or an and the are usually called as Article.

1.6 Objectives:

To find difficulties of students while using Articles.


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To develop a program to improve use of Articles.

To study the effectiveness of the programme developed.

1.7 Assumption:-

Students know about vowels and consonants.

Standard 1 s t textbook is appropriate for students.

1.7 Hypothesis: -

Research Hypothesis

I f the researcher gives adequate pract ice for

understanding the concept of Articles through the program

developed then students concept will improve.

Null Hypothesis

If the researcher gives adequate practice for

under st anding the concept o f Art ic le s through the

program developed then students concept will not

improve.


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1.8 Sampling:

Population:

Shantabai Ladkat School Standard I s t .

Sample:

One division of English medium Shantabai Ladkat

School

20 Students of first standard.

Method of Selecting Sample:

The researcher uses purposive sampl ing method to

select the sample.

1.9 Scope and Limitations

SCOPE

This research wil l be benef icial to the teachers

for helping students to use correct Articles.

This research will be beneficial to the students to

wr i te cor rec t Ar t ic les and i t wi l l g ive them


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confidence to express their thoughts in their own

words.

This research will be beneficial to the society as

it will help each and every person.

LIMITATIONS

The r esea rc h i s l im it ed t o o nl y t he f ir st s ta nd ar d

students of Shantabai Ladkat School of Pune district.

The r esea rch i s l imi t ed to 20 s tuden t s o f d iv i s ion B

only.

The research is l imited to Balbharati std. I s tbook only.

References:

Prof. Limaye Tusharika, Engl ish (First Language) ,Dip loma in Teacher Education , N ir al i P rakashan ,

2008.


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The World Book Encyclopedia, E Volume 6 , A Scot t

Fetzer company.

The World Book Encyclopedia SO-Sz Volume 18 , A

Scott Fezer company, 1995.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE


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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE

Page. no

2.1 Review of related l i terature for

research work

2.2 Innovat ions and usefulness of

research work


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2.1 Review Of Related Literature For

Research Work

Research if we break this word we get Re

which means again and search which means to find,

thus the term research is finding out something more,

different and new than that which already exists, thus

in action research, the researcher should have the

knowledge of the steps in research and also he should

find out whether other researchers have already worked

on the same subject, their method of work for the

research, their tools and materials because a researcher

will be successful in his research only when it is

different from the earlier research.

One of the important steps in the planning of any

research study is a careful review of the research work

we collect the information from the different sources

for example;


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Books :

Books which are related to the researchers topic

give a lot of information as in what steps can be

taken to solve the problems new and innovative ideas.

The World Book Encyclopedia Volume 6 (E)

Pg 277 English language

English language is the most widely spoken

language in the world. I t is used as either a primary

or se condary language in man y countries.

During the 1500s, fewer than 2million people

spoke English. All of them l ived in what is now

United Kingdom. Through the centuries, as the result

of various historical events, English spread throughout

the world. Today, about 400 mil l ion people speakEnglish as their native language. Another 100million

people, chiefly living in India, Pakistan and in many

African countries, speak English in addition to their

own language, because of this we see most of the

people in India who find problems while

communicating in English .


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English, Diploma in Teacher Education First year

- Prof. Tusharika Limaye Pg

E ngl is h la ng uag e i s a win dow t o t he wor ld as now-

a-days English language is used in every aspect of

l ife.

Action Research and Innovations .

- Arvind. L. Kapole

- Bansi Bihari Pandit

Pg 2.8, 2.9 Review of Related Material

the researcher should have the knowledge of the steps

in research and also he should find out whether other

researchers have already worked on the same subject,

their method of work for the research, their tools andmaterials because a researcher will be successful in

his research only when it is different from the earlier

research.

Thesis

The researcher can refer to Thesis of other

senior researchers and develop a programme whichwill be more effective and cover the drawbacks faced

in their research work. The new researcher will get a


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lot of information about the methods, programme

developed by the previous researchers.

Internet:

The quickest and fastest mean to get

information about the problem and its solutions is the

in ternet the researcher can eas i ly ge t what he /she

wants by us ing the in ternet .

2.2 Innovat ion And Usefulness Of Research

Work

Innovat ion:

To i n n ov a t e m e a ns t o i n t ro d u ce n e w t h i ng s .

Innovation i s an idea or a pract i ce perce ived

as new by the adopter

T h e r e se a rc he r h a s b ro ug ht i n no va t io n i n t h e

t r a d i t i o n a l m e t h o d s o f t e a c h i n g A r t i c l e s i n t h i s

research by the fo l lowing ways;

Teach ing Ar t i c l e s to s tuden t s on ly a f t e r theyknow the cor rec t meaning , pronuncia t ion of


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t he word . (Th i s can be done wi th the he lp o f

audio v isual a ids)

Giving the s t udents enough t ime t o v isual ize the

word .

Ask the s t udents to wr i te down t he word neat ly

and cor rec t ly .

Using the word in many sentences .

Usefulness Of Research Work:

Th i s r e sea r c h i s u se fu l m a i nl y f o r s t u de n t s o f

t h e p r i m a r y c l a s s e s a s i t w i l l h e l p t h e m t o

deve lop conf idence to wr i t e co r r ec t Ar t i c l e s anda l so be use fu l to them to pen down the i r own

thoughts as in wr i t ing appl ica t ion based answers .

T h is r es e ar ch w il l b e m or e u s ef u l f or t h os e

students who are week in Engl i sh .

T h i s r e s e a r c h w i l l h e l p s t u d e n t t o t r y n e w

word.


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T hi s r es ea rc h w il l h el p t ea ch er s t o t ea ch

Art ic les by g iv ing games which are very

ef fec t ive and usefu l .

References:

Alan. S. Brown, Department of Psychology , Southern

Methodist University, Vol 2, No 4, 1990

Arvind L . Kapole and Bansi B ihar i Pandi t, Action

Research and Innovations , Nirali Prakashan, 2007

Prof. Limaye Tusharika, Engl ish (First Language) ,

Dip loma in Teacher Education , Nira li Prakashan,

2008.

The World Book Encyclopedia, E Volume 6 , A Scot t

Fetzer company.

The World Book Encyclopedia SO-Sz Volume 18 , A



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CHAPTER III

IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH WORK


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CHAPTER III IMPLEMENTATION OF

RESEARCH

WORK

Page.no

3.1 Research Methodology

3.2 Sample3.3 Tools and Techniques of Action

Research3.4 Remedial measures


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CHAPTER III IMPLEMENTATION OF

RESEARCH

WORK

3.1 Research Methodology:

Research methods can be ca l l ed p lann ing and

execu t ion under t aken by the r esea rcher to so lve a

sp e ci f i c r e sea r c h p r o bl e m . Th e r e sea r c h p r ob l e mcan be pas t o r i en ted , p resen t o r i en ted o r fu tu re

o ri en te d. T hu s o n t he b as is o f c on cl us io ns ,

r esea rch methods a re d iv ided in to th ree g roups as

g iven under :


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Historical Research Method:

This r e sea rch i s based on the ex i s t ing f ac t sbased on the past h is to ry l ike a resea rch on

t h e i n s t i t u t i o n w h e r e i n , t h e r e se a r c h e r w i l l

have to f ind ou t the name o f the founder the

year of es tab l i shment e tc .

Survey/ Descript ive Research Method:

This r e sea rch i s done mos t ly on soc ia l and

cur ren t p rob lems f aced by the peop le , i n th i s

r e se a r c h a su r v e y i s d o n e b y t a k i n g p u b l i c

o pi ni on . M os tl y i n t hi s r es ea rc h o nl y

suggest ions are g iven to so lve the problem.

Experimental Research Method:

The r esea rch In which e f f ec t o f one f ac to r

on the o the r i s s tud ied i s ca l l ed Exper imen ta l

Re sea r c h . I n s c i en t i fi c t e rm s , e x p er i m en t a l

r e se ar c h m ea n s e x am i ni n g t he h y po th e si si nd ic at in g t he c au se a nd e ff ec t r el at io n.

E xp er im en ta l R es ea rc h i s c on du ct ed t o


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u n de r st a nd t h e e f fe c ts o f t he f a ct or s l i ke

t e a c h i n g m e t h o d s , e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t r u m e n t s o r

tools used whi le teaching .

Character ist ics of Experimental Research:

For mak ing a compara t ive s tudy o f exper imen ta l

and con t ro l l ed se t s , a min imum of two se t s a r e

requi red . This he lps in f inding out the ef fec t of

the ac t ion t aken and in a ssess ing as to which

act ion i s more ef fec t ive .

T h e a c t i o n a n d t o w h a t e x t e n t i t i s t o b e

taken i s dec ided by the r esea rcher . In o the r

words , i ndependen t va r i ab les a r e hand led by

the researcher only .

I t i s n ot p os si bl e t o h an dl e i nd ep en de nt

va r i ab les l ike sex d i sc r imina t ion , age soc ia l and

economical condi t ions .

S e t s o r g r o u p s a r e d i v i d e d e q u a l l y b y u s i n g

random sampl ing method.

Exte rna l va r i ab les tha t a r e no t inc luded in the

s t u dy b u t w h ic h c a n a f fe c t t h e d e p en d a nt


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v a r i a b l e s a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y u s i n g t h e c o n t r o l

process . In exper imenta l research , only oneindependen t va r i ab le i s a r r anged fo r con t ro l l ing

t h e o t h e r v a r i a b l e . I f t h i s i s n o t d o n e , t h e

f a c t o r m a k i n g t h e e f f e c t c a n n o t b e i d e n t i f i e d

pos i t ive ly .

I n a n e xp er im en ta l s tu dy , t he r es ea rc he r

m a n i p u l a t e s a t l e a s t o n e i n d e p e n d e n t v a r i a b l e ,

con t ro l s o the r r e l evan t va r i ab les and obse rves the

ef fec t on one var iab le .

-Gay (1992)

T h e r e se a rc h er h a s s e le c te d t h e e xp e ri m en t al

research method because of the fo l lowing reasons;

T he r es ea rc he r i s s tu dy in g t he e ff ec t o f

p ronunc ia t ion .

In exper imen ta l r e sea rch method the r esea rcher

w r i t e s d o w n H y p o t h e s i s t h a t i s a c o n d i t i o n a l

s t at e me nt m a de o r a s t at e me n t a s su mi n g t h epos i t ive resu l t of the r esearch .


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I n e x p e r i m e n t a l r e se a r c h t h e r e se a r c h e r u se s

sampl ing methods , conduc t s p re - t e s t , pos t - t e s t ,

a n d g i v e s t h e p r o g r a m m e d e v e l o p e d t o so l v e

the problem.

I n e x p e r i m e n t a l r e se a r c h s t a t i s t i c a l t o o l s a r e

u se d t hu s t he r es ea rc he r c an c he ck t he

re l iab i l i ty of the research and i t s e f fec t iveness .

3.2 Sample

Before r esea rch work , the inves t iga to r has to

d e c i d e w h e t h e r t h e e n t i r e p o p u l a t i o n i s t o b e

m ad e s ub je ct f or t he d at a c ol le ct io n o r a

pa r t i cu lar group i s to be se l ec ted as

rep resen ta t ive o f the en t i r e popu la t ion . The fo rmer

method when the en t i r e popu la t ion i s t aken in to

accoun t , i s ca l l ed Census method . On the o the r

hand , when a smal l g roup i s t aken in to accoun t

a s r epr es en ta ti ve o f t he w ho le , i s c al le d

Sampl ing method .

The sa mple desi gns are basica l ly of two types tha t

i s Non-probabi l i ty sampl ing :

I s non- random sampl ing .


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Probabi l i ty sampl ing :

I s based on the concept of random sampl ing .

Incidental sampling method:

When the sample is to be selected from the population

researcher selects the sample from his surrounding as an when

the sample units are available this method is known as

Incidental Sampling method.

Eg; A soap company wants to survey a population of products

to select the sample. The company Interviews the people in an

around is premises.


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Purposive sampling method:

In purposive sampling method the researcher selects the

sample from the population of his interest and which satisfies a

particular purpose.

Eg; Students week in English pronunciation are selected by the

teacher to give the treatment.

3.3 Tools And Techniques of Action Research:

The main tools used for Action Research can be divided into

four types.


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Questionnaire:

A series of pre-arranged questions put forward for

collecting information is called a Questionnaire, the second tool

used in Action Research. In the language of research, the

questionnaires a tool study the likes and dislikes, line of

thinking, values, experiences in the past and present

circumstances and the problems of the research population.

According to Bar well arranged set of the questions given to

the person from whom information is to be collected is called

a questionnaire. In other words, a per-arranged series of the

questions presented for collecting information is called a

questionnaire.

Characteristics of a good Questionnaire:

The questionnaire should be precise and its language clear and

specific.

The questions should be intelligible. This can be achieved byconstructing small, easy sentences.


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Instructions in the questionnaire should be clear and

unambiguous.

Questions should be small and correct.

Typing of the questions should be neat and tidy.

Instructions for answering the questions should be specific and

foolproof. These instructions should be placed at the beginning

of the questionnaire.

3.4 Remedial Measures

The researcher took the following remedial measures while

conducting the research

To make Articles more easy to those students who

found it difficult to learn Articles the researcher adopted the

play way method with the students of standard Ist . The

researcher used picture and audio- visual aids to make use of

Articles interesting for example; to teach an article of anaeroplane the researcher first pronounced the word { aero-plane}


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showed a picture and made the students repeat the word after

the record.aeroplane-an aeroplane.

The researcher also taught many article games to the students .

Steps of research


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References:

Arvind L . Kapole and Bansi B ihar i Pandi t, Action


Alan. S. Brown, Department of Psychology , SouthernMethodist University, Vol 2, No 4, 1990


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CHAPTER IV

COLLECTION OF INFORMATION AND DATA,

ITS ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS


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CHAPTER IV COLLECTION OF

INFORMATION AND

DATA, ITS ANALYSIS

AND SYNTHESIS

Page. no

4.1 Presentat ion of information and

data4.2 Analysis and interpretat ion4.3 Conclusion


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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Comparison of scores of pre-testand post- test

pre-test

post-test

CHAPTER IV COLLECTION OFINFORMATION AND

DATA, ITS ANALYSIS

AND SYNTHESIS

4.1 Presentation of information and data

The researcher conducted a pre-test to check how much

the students knew and developed a programme and taught thestudents easy way to memorize Articles and then conducted a

post-test the following is the performance of the students in the

tests conducted.

Graph 1


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4.2 Analysis and Interpretation

Introduction:

Merely collection of data is not the aim of

any research activity, instead the collected data must

be used by the researcher to draw conclusions, make

generalizations, establish relationship between two ormore variables and the test the hypothesis. The term

analysis means the computation of certain measures or

indices along with searching patterns of relationship

that exists among data groups. In this process, some

statistical methods are used to make data meaningful.

Statistics is an efficient tool in the analysis of

the research data. The very purpose of the statistics is

to aid research. Statistics are to the researcher what

tools are to a carpenter. Therefore the utility of the

statistics as a tool depends on their use for correct

functions. Quite frequently in action research, techniques

or tools like Mean, Median, Standard Deviation etc are

used.

Mean:


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Refers it the average value of the distribution

and id arrived at by dividing the sum of scores in

the distribution by the number of observations.

Median:

Is a point of an array of scores. I t is that

value or point which divides the distribution equally.

The scores are arranged in the order of magnitude and

the middle point above and below which equal number

of scores fall, is regarded as the median.

Mode:

Is that score which most frequently occurs in

a distribution.

Standard Deviation:

Is the square root of the sum of the squared

deviations divided by the number of observations. It isthe standard measure of variability in most statistical

procedures.

Mean of pre- test:

Mean = X1N


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= 25220

= 12.6Mean = 12.6

Mean of post-test:

Mean = X2N= 337

20

= 16.85

Mean = 16.85

Coefficient of co-relation (r) = xy_

________ x2*y2

r = _____155.8_____

372.8*120.55

r = 155.8

44941.04

r = 155.8


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211.99

r = 0.734940There is high co-relation because the value is

between 0.60 to 0.80.

t-value

t-value = M1 M2 i.e. M2 M1 d d

Where;M1 = Mean of post-test

M2 = Mean of pre-test

= standard deviation of given scores

d = (M1)2 + (M2 )2 (2r * M1 * M2 )Where;

M1 = 1 and M2 = 2 N1 N2

df = N1 + N2 - 2= 20 + 20 2= 40 2

df = 38


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one tailed testlevel of significance 0.01

t (table) = 0.403

1 = (d1)2 i.e. 1 = (x1)2N1 N1

1 = 372.8 = 18.64

20

therefore 1 = 4.3174

2 = (d2)2 i.e. 2 = (y1)2N2 N2

2 = 120.55 = 6.027520

therefore 2 = 2.4550

M1 = 1 = 4.3174 = 4.3174 N1 20 4.4721

M1 = 0.965407M2 = 2 = 2.4550 = 2.4550

N2 20 4.4721M2 = 0.548959


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d = (M1)2 + (M2 )2 (2r * M1 * M2 )

= (0.965407)2 + (0.548959)2 2 (0.734940) (0.965407)(0.548959)

= 0.93201067564 + 0.30135598368 1.41903244116

= 1.23336665932 - 1.41903244116

= -0.18566578184

d = 0.43308

t cal = M2 - M1d

= 16.85 - 12.60.43308

= 4.250.43308

= 9.8134 t (cal) = 9.8134

t ( table ) = df


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Ans: t (cal) > t (table)

9.8134 > 0.734940

4.2 Conclusion t (cal) > t (table)

So, we conclude tha t this research i s

successful and research hypothesis is accepted and

null-hypothesis is rejected.

Interpretation

Table 1

Comparison of Mean of pre-test and post-test

Mean of pre-test Mean of post-test Difference of Mean

of pre-test and post-

test12.6 16.85 4.25

Table 2

Comparison of Standard Deviation of pre-test and post-test

Standard Deviation of

pre-test

Standard Deviation of

post-test

Difference of

Standard Deviation

of pre-test and post-

test


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4.31 2.45 1.86

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS


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CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION,RECOMMENDATION.

Page.no5.1 Summary5.2 Conclusion5.3 Recommendation/ Suggestion5.4 Suggestion for further research


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CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION

AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary

Introduction:

English today is an international , global language , perhaps

the current Position of English as a globle language . It would

seem that English was Expending in the right geographical and

technological , political , economical and Cultural area , today

English plays important role in industrial and commercial Life

of india , E- Banking , E-Mail services are available only in

English . National International tardy , and all transaction in

commercial Establishments take place Only English.English is important subject in teaching learning process.

For the Effective use of English language the grammar is very

important , it is Necessary to the student to know and understand

various rules of Grammar . Article is sub-topic in the grammar

student use article Effectively in the sentence then the language

is clearly understood . Grammar improve the use of languageparticularly incidence student make Mistake in using article so

the language not use effectively.


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Need :

It is needed because you want to change your practice.

You may be concerned that things might not be going as you

wish , or you may need to implement a new initiative but are

ensure how to do it effectively . What you want is a way of

sorting out these concerns that offers practical solutions , but that

derives from the specific circumstances of your practice . You

know that someone elses solution may have merits, but that is

never quite right for the individual situation within which you

work. You know that practice is always influenced by context.

The act of finding your solution makes you understand your

practice better- not only what you are doing, but also the

factors that affect what you do. Action research therefore has

two aspects . The starting point is to sort out a problem or issuein practice; to this extent an Action Researcher seeks a solution.

But the process can also be used as a deliberate attempt to

understand practice better- a traditional research attitude.


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Importance:

The aim of an action researcher is to bring aboutdevelopment in her practice by analyzing existing practice and

identifying elements for change

.

It helps to speak grammatically correct sentence..

To develop creativity in student.

To create interest in English subject.

To help the students to understand the concept more

clearly and easily.

It helps to develop English language.

Student can acquire the knowledge of grammar.

Statement of the Problem:

A study of effect iveness of the programme developed

f o r I s ts tandard s tudents to improve, use of Ar t ic les in

English.

Operational Definition:

Effectiveness :-


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(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) producing the

intended result, impressive, striking.

Programme:-

(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) a set of

instructions that you plan to do.

I s t standard students :-

S tudents who have passed U.K.G s tandard & are

currently studying in I s t standard.

Articles:-

(Mean ing f rom the Oxford Dic tionary) The

Adjectives aor an and the are usually called Articles.

Objectives:

To find difficulties of students while using articles.

To develop a program to improve use of article.. To study the effectiveness of the programme developed.

Assumption:-

Students know vowels and consonants.

Standard 1 s t textbook is appropriate for the students.

Hypothesis: -

Research Hypothesis


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I f the researcher gives adequate pract ice for

understanding the concept of Articles through the program

developed then student concept will improve.

Sampling:

Population:

Shantabai Ladkat School Standard I s t .

Sample:

- One division of English medium Shantabai

Ladkat School.

- 20 S tudent s of fi rs t st andard

Method of Selecting Samples:

The researcher uses purposive sampling method to select

the sample.

Scope and Limitations:SCOPE

To student: student can understand the concept of articles.

To teacher: after this she will teach correctly.

To society: after this they learn about articles.

It is useful for researcher.

It is useful for 1st std teacher.


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It is also useful for the setters of syllabus.

LIMITATIONS

The study is limited for topic articles only.

It limited to the student of 1st standard.

It is not useful for other standard teacher.

The research work is concerned with students of SHANTABAILADKAT SCHOOL.

5.2 Conclusion

This research was very usefu l as i t s the most

common problem teachers face in classroom teaching.

Thi s r esea rc h p ro ve s t ha t l ea rn in g A rt ic le sunknowingly is more bet ter than to be learnt by

heart . I t was seen that the week students enjoyed

learning Art icles in play way method and i t a lso

proved to be correct as one can see i t from the

difference in the pre-test and post-test scores.

5.3 Recommendations/ Suggestions


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The researcher gives the following recommendations

and suggestions

To teach Art icles with the help of innovat ive

games.

Vowels have to be made clear to t he

students.

Consonants have to be made clear to the students.

Use of Articles can be improved with the help of

Grammer rules.

5.4 Suggestions for further research

The researcher can develop a programme on Articles

in view of those students who have psychological

problems

To study the impact of use of Articles.

To develop an effective programme where in the

listening skill and its relation with use of Articles is

studied.


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References:

Arvind L. Kapole and Bansi Bihari Pandit , Action


Prof. Limaye Tusharika, English (First Language),

Diploma in Teacher Education , Nirali Prakashan,

2008.

The World Book Encyclopedia, E Volume 6 , A Scott

Fetzer company. The World Book Encyclopedia SO-Sz Volume 18 , A


BIBLIOGRAPHY


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BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Alan. S. Brown, Department of Psychology , Southern

Methodist University, Vol 2, No 4, 1990.

Arvind L. Kapole and Bansi Bihari Pandit, Action


John Ellison Kahnn, DPhil , How to Write and Speak

Better, The Readers Digest Association Limited,2002.

Prof. Limaye Tusharika, English (First Language),


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Diploma in Teacher Education , Nirali Prakashan,

2008.

Rosevia Warda, research based tutoring of English

, while paper, 2005

The World Book Encyclopedia, E Volume 6 , A Scott

Fetzer company.


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APPENDIX

Appendix (A)

List of Students

Ritesh PatilHarshad ShaikhShraddha YewleGuru. TagdhaneJoshua. Joel

Naif. KaziTauheed. Khan

Prachi KakadeMomin. HayatKiran PatilVaibhav Vaghmare


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Shahid. ShaikhGanesh Karale

Zaid. SayyedSahad. SayyedSakshi JadhavArbaaz. ShaikhVasanti PachangeKaif. ShaikhVrushikesh. Tupe


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Appendix (B)

Appendix (C)

Sr .no Roll .

No

Name of the s tudent Pre- test

Marksout of 20

( X1 )

Post - test

Marksout of 20

(X 2 )1 6 Ritesh Pati l 16 172 8 Harshad Shaikh 12 153 9 Shraddha Yewle 10 194 12 Guru. Tagdhane 18 205 13 Joshua. Joel 12 166 15 Naif . Kazi 6 127 21 Tauheed. Khan 19 208 24 Prachi Kakade 4 169 25 Momin. Hayat 9 18

10 29 Kiran Pati l 7 1311 30 Vaibhav Vaghmare 18 2012 31 Shahid. Shaikh 18 2013 36 Ganesh Karale 17 1814 39 Zaid. Sayyed 12 1415 40 Sahad. Sayyed 11 1716 44 Sakshi Jadhav 11 1617 46 Arbaaz. Shaikh 10 14

18 48 Vasanti Pachange 13 1519 49 Kaif . Shaikh 11 1720 66 Vrushikesh. Tupe 18 20

Total 252 337

Roll. noof thestudent

Scoreof Pre-test (x)

Scoreof

post-test (y)

Deviationx2 y2 x*yx

x-X1M

yy-X2M

6 16 17 3.4 0.15 11.56 0.0225 0.518 12 15 -0.6 -1.85 0.36 3.4225 1.119 10 19 -2.6 2.15 6.76 4.6225 -5.59

12 18 20 5.4 3.15 29.16 9.9225 17.01

13 12 16 -0.6 -0.85 0.36 0.7225 0.5115 6 12 -6.6 -4.85 43.56 23.522

532.01

21 19 20 6.4 3.15 40.96 9.9225 20.1624 4 16 -8.6 -0.85 73.96 0.7225 7.3125 9 18 -3.6 1.15 12.96 1.3225 -4.1429 7 13 -5.6 -3.85 31.36 14.822

521.56

30 18 20 5.4 3.15 29.16 9.9225 17.01

31 18 20 5.4 3.15 29.16 9.9225 17.0136 17 18 4.4 1.15 19.36 1.3225 5.0639 12 14 -0.6 -2.85 0.36 8.1225 1.7140 11 17 -1.6 0.15 2.56 0.0225 -0.2444 11 16 -1.6 -0.85 2.56 0.7225 1.3646 10 14 -2.6 -2.85 6.76 8.1225 7.4148 13 15 0.4 -1.85 0.16 3.4225 -0.7449 11 17 -1.6 0.15 2.56 0.0225 -0.2466 18 20 5.4 3.15 29.16 9.9225 17.01

Total 252 337 372.8 120.55 155.8


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Appendix (D)M.C.E SOCIETY JUNIOR COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (ENGLISH MEDIUM)

ACTION RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS20 MARKS

PRE-TEST TIME: 30min

NAME: ______________________________________________

Q.1 Identify the Articles in the sentence. 10 marks

a) Kondhwa is a very dirty city.

b) I like the novel.

c) Here is an elephant.

d) That is a picture.

e) Ram is a good boy.

f) Amol is the cleverest boy.g) Two times a day.

h) Sixty kilometers an hour.

i) Mumbai is the biggest city.

j) The pen is lost.


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Q.2)

Q.2 Write correct Articles using the picture clues. 10marks


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Appendix (E)

M.C.E SOCIETY JUNIOR COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (ENGLISH MEDIUM)ACTION RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS

20 MARKS

POST-TEST TIME: 30min

Q.1 Write correct articles in blank and write correctpicture no in box.

10marks


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Q.2Fill in the blanks. 10 marks

a) I saw ..man.b) Two times ..day.

c) ..red horse.

d) inkpot.

e) .great Shivaji.

f) ..old man.

g) There is unhappy dog.

h) He saw doctor.

i) He can play flute.

j) A cow is .useful animal.


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Comparison of marks of each student in pre-test andpost-test

0

5

0

5

20

25

6 8 9 12 13 15 21 24 25 29 30 31 36 39 40 44 46 48 49

PER-TEST POST-TEST


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project for dted student

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