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doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics1
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks etworks ((WPANsWPANs))
Submission Title: [Samsung EFC PHY & MAC proposal]Date Submitted: [4 May, 2009]Source: [Dr. Jahng Sun Park, HyunKuk Choi, Dr. SangYun Hwang, SeokYong Lee,
Dr. Seong-Jun Song, Sung-Min Kim, Chul-Jin Kim, Dr. Noh-Gyoung Kang,Dr. Eun Tae Won]
Re: [Response to IEEE 802.15.6 Call for Proposals]Abstract: [PHY & MAC proposal for 802.15.6 Requirements.] Purpose: [To be considered in IEEE 802.15.6]Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a
basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics2
Contents
• Proposal Scope• What is EFC?• PHY• MAC
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics3
Proposal Scope• Non-Medical applications on the same person• Data exchange for control, personal health care, entertainment, etc.
– Periodical data, random bursts, etc.• Everyday operation environment: home, office, outdoors, etc.• Up to 8 devices in a network: 1 Master and up to 7 slaves
– Not hardware constraint• On-body to On-body (CM3)
– Devices should be on the body surface or near a person as long as the person can reach and make contact
– One of the two devices can be up to a few centimeters off the body• Data rate ranges up to several Mbps • Low power consumption
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics4
Human Body Communication• Based on Electric-Field Communication (EFC)
– Data transmitted by inducing electric-field and capacitive coupling on dielectric material
– Human body has about 300~500 times better permittivity than air– No Antenna, less complex– Extremely low power consumption
MobileDevice
EFC
MobileDevice
EFC
Electrode Electrode
EFC Transmitter EFC ReceiverDielectric Material(e.g., Air, Water, Body)
E-Field
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics5
EFC PHY
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics6
• Modulation– Orthogonal modulation using frequency shaping code
• Scalable Data rate– Up to several Mbps
• Frequency bands– 10 ~ 50 MHz
System Block Diagram
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
Orthogonal Coding
Raw data(Variable data rate)
FrequencyShapingCoding
Preamble/SFDInsertion Electrode
ElectrodeLNAChannelFilterComparatorDigital
BasebandRaw data
Human Body
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics7
Packet Structure• Consists of Preamble (PR), SFD (Start Frame Delimiter), and payload • In a PHY payload, MAC header, MAC payload, and FCS (Frame Check
Sequence) are included• Payload size : < 1 K octets
SFD MACHeader
PHYHeader
MACPayload FCSPR1 PR2 PR3 PR4
PHY Payload
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics8
• Preamble– Consists of four repeated sequences– Use 128-bit gold code for each sequence
• SFD (Start Frame Delimiter)– 128-bit gold code – Include additional information about data rate by controlling the timing offset
of SFD code
Signal Generation (1/2)
Timing offset
Preamble
SFD
FrequencyShapingcoding
FrequencyShapingcoding
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics9
Signal Generation (2/2)
• Payload– Modulation scheme: orthogonal coding + frequency shaping coding– Signal bandwidth depends on data rate (C), symbol conversion rate
(1/N), and the length of orthogonal code (2L)– Center frequencies are determined by frequency shaping coding
operation
Orthogonalcoding
C (Data rate) C/N (Symbol rate) ( C 2L)/N (Chip rate)
NSerial
To Parallel
FrequencyShapingcoding
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics10
Receiver Structure• Use of a single electrode instead of 50Ω antenna• No need for the blocks related to RF carrier signals such as mixer or PLL• Continuous wave processing in the analog front-end• 1-bit energy detection in the digital baseband
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics11
Simulated AWGN Performance• AWGN channel• Simulated in MATLAB in case of two samples per chip• Symbol sync. & frame sync. operations are considered• 1-K octets payload
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1-2-3-4-5-6-7
1Mbps
500kbps
Pack
etEr
ror R
ate
SNR
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics12
Link Budget
(1) Voltage-mode transmission @ 50Ω load(2) Sec. 8.2.2. Body surface to body surface CM3 (Scenario S4 & S5) for 5-50 MHz
“Channel Model for Body Area Network (BAN)” [IEEE 802.15-08-0780-09-0006]
Parameter Symbol Value UnitData Rate R 1 Mb/s
Average Tx Power (1) PTX -4 dBm
Path Loss (2) PL 54 dB
Average Rx Power (PRX=PTX-PL) PRX -58 dBm
Rx Noise Figure NF 9 dB
Average Noise Power per bit (PN=-174+10log10(R)+NF) PN -105 dBm
Minimum required Eb/No for BER=10-6 Eb/No|req 4 dB
Implementation Loss IL 3 dB
Link Margin (LM=PRX-PN-Eb/No|req-IL) LM 40 dB
Minimum Rx Sensitivity Level (SRX=PRX-LM) SRX -98 dBm
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics13
Low Power Architecture
• Transmitter– Implemented with only digital circuits and share one electrode with
receiver
• Receiver– No need for the blocks related to RF carrier signals such as mixer or
PLL– Use a comparator instead of multi-bit ADCs
• MAC protocol– Slotted frame structure (allow variable power management schemes)
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics14
EFC MAC
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics15
EFC-Frame Structure (1/2)• Slotted frame structure for multiple-node BAN
– Time slotted method for up to 7 slave nodes (and 1 master node) per BAN– Downlink/Uplink slots based on TDD method
• Broadcast frame (every EFC-frame)– Contains information about each EFC-frame
• # of Frame, Inactive Period, Frame Index, Slave Node ID, DL/UL ratio
– Slots for join request
Broadcast Frame
S1 S2 Inactive periodSn
EFC-Frame
EFC-frame Information Join Request Slots
Join slotsEFC-frame info
Broadcast Frame
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics16
EFC-Frame Structure (2/2)• Frame’s Downlink/Uplink ratio (10:0, 9:1, 8:2, … , 0:10) and slot structure
Broadcast Frame
S1 S2 Inactive periodSn
EFC-Frame
DL (10)
DL (8) ACK(2)
ACK(2)UL (8)
Frame period
Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #3 Slot #4 Slot #5 Slot #6 Slot #7 Slot #8 Slot #9Slot #0
UL (10)
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics17
PHY Header• Frame ID: Indicates that this is the n-th frame of this EFC-frame• Sync: Used to synchronize slot boundary at Rx side• D: ‘1’ Dedicated Mode• PSDU Length: Indicates the length of PSDU (up to 4 KB)• CRC8: CRC information of the PHY header
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics18
MAC Header (1/2)AM
(2 bits)
SID(4 bits or 64 bits)
MSDU Length(MSB)(8 bits)
BID(5 bits)
RID(4 bits or 64 bits)
MSDU Length(LSB)(8 bits)
SID(4 bits or 64 bits)
SID(4 bits or 64 bits)
SID(4 bits or 64 bits)
SID(4 bits or 64 bits)
SID(4 bits or 64 bits)
SID(4 bits or 64 bits)
SID(4 bits or 64 bits)
RID(4 bits or 64 bits)
RID(4 bits or 64 bits)
RID(4 bits or 64 bits)
RID(4 bits or 64 bits)
RID(4 bits or 64 bits)
RID(4 bits or 64 bits)
RID(4 bits or 64 bits)
Frame Type(3 bits)
DL/UL Ratio(5 bits)
Frame Sequence Number(8 bits)
SEC(2 bits)
ACK(1bit)
Reserved
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics19
MAC Header (2/2)• Frame Type: MAC frame type• BID: BAN Identification number• ACK: ‘1’ ACK required Tx Frame• DL/UL Ratio: Current frame’s Downlink/Uplink ratio• SEC: Applied Security Mode• Frame Sequence Number : Distinguished each frame• AM: Address mode• SID: Source address (4-bit NWK or 64-bit Extended)• RID: Receiver address (4-bit NWK or 64-bit Extended)
– If 4-bit NWK address is used [SID|RID] forms 1 byte• MSDU Length: Payload length
Frame Type
000 Broadcast
001 ACK
010 Data
011 (Control)
100 Join Request
101 ~ 111 Reserved
Address Mode
00 Tx_NWK/ Rx_NWK
01 Tx_NWK / Rx_EXT
10 Tx_EXT / Rx_NWK
11 Tx_EXT / Rx_EXT
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics20
Example Scenarios (1/4)
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics21
Example Scenarios (2/4)
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics22
Example Scenarios (3/4)MasterMAC
SlavePHY
MasterPHY
SlaveMAC
Broadcast frame
Join.request
Frame sync
Join process
MAC_Join.Request
SlaveUpper layer
Slot interrupt
Slot(join) interrupt(Tx on)
Frame interrupt(Tx on)
Slot interrupt(Rx on)
Slot interrupt(Rx on)
Broadcast frameFrame sync
Frame interrupt(Tx on)
MAC_Join.Confirm
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics23
Example Scenarios (4/4)MasterMAC
SlavePHY
MasterPHY
SlaveMAC
Broadcast frame
Frame sync
BAN Start Process
Frame interrupt(Tx on)
MasterUpper layer
MAC_Set_Param.RequestChannelData rate
Frame allocationDedicated mode
BAN IDInactive period
MAC_Set_Param.Confirm
MAC_Data.Request
PHY_Data.Request
MAC_Data.Confirm
PHY_Data.Confirm
PHY_Data.Indication
doc.: IEEE 802. 15-09-0318-02-0006
Submission
May, 2009
Samsung Electronics24
MAC-Layer Security Mode• Security Mode 1: Unprotected (no security)
– No encryption or authentication is used
• Security Mode 2: Authentication Only– No encryption is used
• Security Mode 3: Encryption Only– No authentication; AES-128 encryption only
• Security Mode 4: Encryption & Authentication