project ii environment
DESCRIPTION
EFL-400 Words at work (Section 1/6)TRANSCRIPT
ENVIRONMENT
EFL-400 Words at Work Section 1 /6
~ 1 ~
Preface
This e- book is part of Words at Work (EFL-400) and a package of project 2. The topic is about environment. The scope of the report has been defined for learn about environment and then this project have knowledge about knowledge of words, part of speech, meaning of words, collocation and synonym.
We choose those words because it is interesting and have knowledge for the reader. We hope this project to help you and have benefit for all people.
By
Nuttanicha Dulyakaran
Pathamawadee Boonnontae
Suthathip Suwannapong
Chanikan Deesalam
~ 2 ~
Table of Content Content Page
Experiencing words at work 5
Article 6
NOUN
Advocate 9
Agenda 10
Crises 11
Cancellation 12
Climate 13
Disaster 14
Decision 15
Danger 16
Earth 17
Fossil 18
Fuel 19
Heat 20
Institute 21
Portion 22
~ 3 ~
Content Page
Planet 23
Programme 24
Physicist 25
Ranchers 26
Shortages 27
Skeptics 28
Territory 29
Temperatures 30
Wherewithal 31
VERB
Abandon 32
Celebrated 33
Expressed 34
Measure 35
Offset 36
Occur 37
ADJECTIVE
Alert 38
Competent 39
~ 4 ~
Content Page
Criticize 40
Dramatic 41
Drastic 42
Extreme 43
Frank 44
Forced 45
Nuclear 46
Outspoken 47
Political 48
Significant 49
Undeniable 50
Warming 51
ADVERB
Effectively 52
Publicly 53
~ 5 ~
Experiencing words at work
---------------------------------------------
Environment
EFL-400
Words at Work
Section 1 /6
~ 6 ~
Global warning: climate sceptics are winning the battle
Climate sceptics are winning the argument with the public over global warming, the world's most celebrated climate scientist, James Hansen of NASA, said in London yesterday.
It is happening even though climate science itself is becoming ever clearer in showing that the earth is in increasing danger from rising temperatures, said Dr Hansen, who heads NASA's Goddard Institute of Space Studies, and is widely thought of as "the father of global warming" – his dramatic alert about climate change in US Senate hearings in July 1988 put the issue on the world agenda.
Since then he has been one of the most outspoken advocates of drastic climate action, and yesterday he also publicly criticised Germany's recent decision to abandon its new nuclear power programme, formerly a key part of German climate measures, in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan earlier this year.
"I think it was a big mistake," he said. "And I think the Prime Minister [German Chancellor Angela Merkel] knows that, as she's a physicist, but I think the political reality is she couldn't stay in office if she expressed that opinion."
In a briefing at the Royal Society , Dr Hansen, pictured, was frank about the success with public opinion of what he termed "the climate contrarians", in effectively lessening public concern about global warming. He said: "They have been winning the argument for several years, even though the science has become clearer.
~ 7 ~
"There's been a very strong campaign by those who want to continue fossil fuel 'business as usual', and the scientific story has not been powerful enough to offset that push."
Part of the problem, he said, was that the climate sceptic lobby employed communications professionals, whereas "scientists are just barely competent at communicating with the public and don't have the wherewithal to do it."
The result was, he said, that in recent years "a gap has opened between what is understood about global warming by the relevant scientific community, and what's known by the people who need to know – and that's the public. However there's nothing that has happened to reduce our scientific conclusion that we are pushing the system into very dangerous territory, in fact that conclusion has become stronger over that same time period."
Asked if anything might re-alert the public to the dangers of climate change, Dr Hansen said: "Mother Nature."
Significant climatic "extreme events" were now occurring over 10 to 15 per cent of the planet annually, whereas between 1950 to 1980 they occurred over less than 1 per cent. He added: "So in places like Texas this year, Moscow last year, and Europe in 2003, the climate change is so big that they are undeniable. Within 10 to 15 years they're going to occur over 15 to 20 per cent of the planet, so people have to notice that the climate is changing."
Burning issue: Hansen's evidence that the world is hotting up
Texas, summer 2011
The US state this year has had its driest summer since record-keeping began in 1895, with 75 per cent of the state classified as "exceptional drought", the worst level. Shortages of grass, hay and water have forced ranchers to thin their herds – where this cow died, in the San Angelo area, there has been less than three inches of rain.
Moscow, August 2010
~ 8 ~
Russia experienced its hottest-ever summer last year – for weeks, a large portion of European Russia was more than 7 °C (12.6 °F) warmer than normal, and a new national record was set of 44 °C (111 °F). Raging forest fires filled Moscow with smoke, forcing the cancellation of air services and obliging people to don face masks.
Northern Europe, 2003
Shrivelled French grapes at the end of Europe's hottest summer on record, in 2003. The heat wave led to health crises in several countries and more than 40,000 people are thought to have died. Britain experienced its first (and so far only) 100+ F air temperature – 101.3°F (38.5°C) recorded at Brogdale, Kent, on 10 August.
Reference
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/global-warning-climate-sceptics-are-winning-the-battle-2368617.html
~ 9 ~
NOUN
Advocate
ผสนบสนน
/ˈæd.və.keɪt/
Meaning : person supporting an idea or cause publicly
Synonym : Campaigner, lawyer, promoter
Antonym : opponent, antagonist
Collocation : PREP.( for)
Example of use: He is one of the leading advocates for a
more modern style of worship.
เขาเปนหนงในผสนบสนนชนน าส าหรบรปแบบของการเคารพบชาททนสมยมากขน
A
~ 10 ~
Agenda
ก าหนดการ/กาประชม
/əˈdʒendə/
Meaning: A list of things to be done, a meeting
Synonym: Program
Collocation: Adj. (Clear)
Example for use: A clear agenda will win votes in the next
election.
ระเบยบวาระการประชมทชดเจนจะชนะโหวตในการเลอกตงตอไป
~ 11 ~
Crises
วกฤต
/ˈkraɪ.sɪs/
Meaning: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or
suffering
Synonym : pressure
Antonym : calm
Collocation: PREP (in)
Example of use: The country's leadership is in crisis.
ผน าของประเทศอยในภาวะวกฤต
C
~ 12 ~
Cancellation
การยกเลก
/ˌkæn.səlˈeɪ.ʃən/
Meaning: the act of deciding that an organized event will
not happen.
Synonym : deletion
Antonym : allowance
Collocation: VERB + CANCELLATION
Example of use: Cancellations must be made in writing.
จะตองมการยกเลกในการเขยน
~ 13 ~
Climate
สภาพอากาศ
/ˈklaimət/
Meaning: the weather conditions of a region
Synonym: characteristic weather, atmospheric condition
Collocation: Adj. (Global)
Example of use: Global climate change.
การเปลยนแปลงสภาพภมอากาศโลก
~ 14 ~
Disaster
ภยพบต/
dɪˈzɑː.stər/
Meaning: to be very unsuccessful or extremely bad
Synonym: calamity
Collocation: Prep. (after)
Example of use: After the disaster, there was scarcely any
water left on the island.
หลงจากทเกดภยพบตน าแทบจะไมเหลออยบนเกาะ
D
~ 15 ~
Decision
การตดสนใจ
/dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/
Meaning: a choice that you make about something after
thinking about several possibilities.
Synonym: Agreement, arrangement, choice
Antonym: cause, disagreement
Collocation: + that
Example of use: This decision will reflect on his future career.
การตดสนใจครงนจะสะทอนใหเหนถงการประกอบอาชพในอนาคตของเขา
~ 16 ~
Danger
สงทกอใหเกดอนตราย
/ˈdeindʒə/
Meaning: something that may cause harm or injury
Synonym: Hazard
Collocation: Prep. (In)
Example of use: He is in dander.
เขาอยในอนตราย
~ 17 ~
Earth
โลก
/əːð/
Meaning: the world as opposed to heaven
Synonym: World
Collocation: Prep. (Around/round the)
Example of use: The moon's orbit around the earth
ดวงจนทรโคจรรอบโลก
E
~ 18 ~
Fossil
ฟอสซล,ซากดกด าบรรพ
/ˈfɒs.əl/
Meaning: The shape of a bone or animal that has been preserved in rock for a very long period.
Synonym: trace
Collocation: PREP (in)
Example of use: The vast continent is abundant in fossil
fuels.
ทวปทกวางใหญจะมaฟอสซลเปนจ านวนมาก
F
~ 19 ~
Fuel
เชอเพลง
/fjʊəl/
Meaning: A substance that is used to provide heat or power,
usually by being burned.
Synonym: gas
Collocation: ADJ.
Example of use: The plant reprocess spent fuel from nuclear
power stations.
การแปรรปพชใชเชอเพลงจากสถานพลงงานนวเคลยร
~ 20 ~
Heat
ความรอน
/hiːt/
Meaning: the quality of being hot or warm, or the
temperature of something
Synonym : fever
Antonym : cold
Collocation: VERB + HEAT
Example of use: The thick walls retain the heat.
ผนงหนาเกบความรอน
H
~ 21 ~
Institute
สถาบน
/ˈinstitjuːt/
Meaning: a society or organization, or the building it uses
Synonym: organization
Collocation: Verb + institute
Example of use: She belongs to the Chartered Institute of
Management.
เธออยในสถาบนการจดการ
I
~ 22 ~
Portion
สวน /ˈpɔː.ʃən/
Meaning: a part or share of something larger
Synonym : part
Antonym : total
Collocation: PREP (of)
Example of use: He asked for a double portion of chips.
เขาถามส าหรบสวนคของชป
P
~ 23 ~
Planet
ดาวเคราะห
/ˈplæn.ɪt/
Meaning : an extremely large, round mass of rock and
metal, such as Earth, or of gas, such as Jupiter, that moves in
a circular path around the sun or another star
Synonym : earth
Collocation: PREP. (from, on )
Example of use: She believes there is life on other planets.
เธอเชอวามสงมชวตบนดาวเคราะหดวงอน ๆ
~ 24 ~
Programme
โปรแกรม
/ˈprəʊ.ɡræm/
Meaning: a broadcast on television or radio
Collocation: Verb+programme
Example of use: The college offers a wide variety of
programmes of study.
วทยาลยมความหลากหลายของโปรแกรมในการศกษา
~ 25 ~
Physicist
นกฟสกข
/ˈfɪz.ɪ.sɪst/
Meaning : a person who studies physics or whose job is
connected with physics
Collocation : +noun
Example of use: He is a famous physicist not only in Japan,
but in the world.
เขาเปนนกฟสกสทมชอเสยงไมเพยงแตในประเทศญปนแตดงไปทวโล
~ 26 ~
Ranchers
เจาของฟารมปศสตว
/ˈrɑːn.tʃər/
Meaning: someone who owns or works on a ranch
Synonym : farmer
Example of use: He looked like a rancher.
เขาดเหมอนเปนเจาของฟารมปศสตว
R
~ 27 ~
Shortages
ขาดแคลน
/ˈʃɔː.tɪdʒ/
Meaning: a situation in which there is not enough of
something
Synonym: weakness
Antonym: enough
Collocation: PREP. (because of, in, of)
Example of use: Their economy continued to suffer shortages
in raw materials.
เศรษฐกจของพวกเขายงคงประสบปญหาการขาดแคลนวตถดบ
S
~ 28 ~
Skeptics
ผสงสย, ระแวง
/ˈskep.tɪk/
Meaning: a personwho doubtsthe truthor value of an idea or
belief Synonym: skeptical, doubter
Antonym: believer
Collocation: VT. (Convince)
Example of use: People say it can cure colds, but I'm a
skeptic.
หลายคนบอกวาโรคหวดสามารถรกษาได แตผมกยงระแวง
~ 29 ~
Territory
อาณาเขต/ดนแดน
/ˈter.ɪ.tər.i/
Meaning: Any tract of land; region or district.
Synonym: area
Collocation:VERB + TERRITORY (into)
Example of use: The soldiers strayed into hostile territory.
ทหารหลงเขาไปตรวจดนแดนของศตร
T
~ 30 ~
Temperatures
อณหภม
/ˈtem.prə.tʃər/
Meaning: the measured amount of heat in a place or in the
body
Synonym: climatic characteristic
Collocation: Prep. (At)
Example of use: Serve the wine at room temperature.
เสรฟไวนทอณหภมหอง
~ 31 ~
Wherewithal
เงน,อปกรณ,ยานพาหนะ
/ˈhweər·wɪðˌɔl, /
Meaning: The money necessary for a particular purpose.
Synonym: financing
Collocation: to
Example of use: Most people don’t have the wherewithal to
hire the lawyers.
คนสวนใหญไมไดมการใชจายเกยวกบการจางทนายความ
W
~ 32 ~
VERB
Abandon
ละทง
/əˈbæn.dən/
Meaning: to leave a place, thing, or person, usually for ever
Synonym: Recklessness
Collocation: +noun
Example of use: We were sinking fast, and the captain gave
the order to abandon ship.
เราก าลงจมอยางรวดเรวและกปตนออกค าสงใหละทงเรอ
A
~ 33 ~
Celebrated
ฉลอง
/ˈseləbreit/
Meaning: to mark by giving a party
Synonym: Party
Collocation: Prep. (for)
Example of use: The area is celebrated for its food and wine.
พนทสวนนเปนพนทฉลองส าหรบอาหารและไวน
C
~ 34 ~
Expressed
ชดเจน,การแสดงความคดเหน
/ɪkˈspres/
Meaning: To show a feeling, opinion, or fact.
Synonym: clear
Collocation: VERB + EXPRESS
Example of use: Many patients feel unable to express their
fears.
ผปวยหลายคนรสกวาไมสามารถทจะแสดงความกลวของพวกเขาออกมาได
E
~ 35 ~
Measure
มาตรการ
/ˈmeʒ.ər/
Meaning: to discover the exact size or amount of something
Synonym: quantity, portion
Collocation: ADJ. appropriate, effective, necessary, practical
Example of use: We urge you to adopt all necessary
measures to guarantee people's safety.
เราขอใหคณน าทกมาตรการทจ าเปนมาใชเพอรบประกนความปลอดภยของผคน
M
~ 36 ~
Offset
ชดเชย
/ˌɒfˈset/
Meaning: To balance one influence against an opposing
influence.
Synonym: balance
Collocation:VERB + OFFSET
Example of use: The money will help offset big medical bills.
เงนจะชวยชดเชยคารกษาพยาบาลทมราคาแพง
O
~ 37 ~
Occur
เกดขน
/əˈkɜːr/
Meaning: (especially of accidents to happen
Synonym : appear
Antonym : hide
Collocation: VERB + OCCUR
Example of use: Opportunities for learning occur
spontaneously every day.
โอกาสในการเรยนรเกดขนไดเองทกวน
~ 38 ~
ADJECTIVE
Alert
ตนตว
/əˈləːt/ Meaning: quick-thinking
Synonym: Alarm, warning
Collocation: Adv. (Suddenly)
Example of use: There was a noise outside and he was
suddenly alert.
มเสยงรบกวนภายนอกและเขาตนตวทนท
A
~ 39 ~
Competent
มความสามารถ
/ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/
Meaning: Able to do something well.
Synonym: capable, proficient.
Collocation: PREP. (in)
Example of use: She is competent in five languages.
หลอนมความสามารถในการพด5 ภาษา
C
~ 40 ~
Criticize
ไดรบการวพากษวจารณ
/ˈkrɪt.ɪ.saɪz/
Meaning: to express disapproval of someone or something
Synonym: Disapprove
Antonym: approve, commend
Collocation: ADV
Example of use: The editor and publisher of this magazine
were criticized by some readers.
บรรณาธการและส านกพมพของนตยสารฉบบนถกวพากษวจารณจากผอานบางคน
~ 41 ~
Dramatic
ทเกยวกบละคร
/ˈdraːmə/
Meaning: a play for acting on the stage
Synonym: Drama
Collocation: Adv. (Suitably)
Example of use: Her entrance was accompanied by suitably
dramatic music.
เธอเขามาพรอมกบละครเพลงทนาทงและเหมาะสม
D
~ 42 ~
Drastic
รนแรงมาก
/ˈdrӕstik/
Meaning: having a wide effect
Synonym: radical
Collocation: VT. (Reform)
Example of use: The time is ripe for a drastic reform.
ถงเวลาส าหรบการปฏรปทรนแรง
~ 43 ~
Extreme
ทสด,รนแรง,สง
/ɪkˈstriːm/
Meaning: Very severe.
Synonym: utmost, high
Collocation: PREP. (in the)
Example of use: His voice was scornful in the extreme.
เสยงของเขาดเหมอนจะดถกเหยยดหยามทสด
E
~ 44 ~
Frank
ตรงไปตรงมา
/fræŋk/
Meaning: Direct and unreserved in speech.
Synonym: direct
Collocation: PREP (about)
Example of use: Mark was quite frank about his concerns.
มารคคอนขางตรงไปตรงมาเกยวกบความกงวลของเขา
F
~ 45 ~
Forced
ถกบงคบ /fɔːst/
Meaning: done against your wishes
Synonym : compelled
Antonym : unforced
Collocation: Noun+forced
Example of use: The plane had to make a forced landing
because one of the engines failed.
เครองบนตองบงคบลงจอดบนพนทเพราะวาเครองยนตลมเหลว
~ 46 ~
Nuclear
นวเคลยร
/ˈnuː.kliː.ɚ/
Meaning: being or using the power produced when the
nucleus of an atom is divided or joined to another nucleus
Synonym: Atomic, fissile
Collocation: +noun
Example of use: Uranium is used in the production of nuclear
power.
ยเรเนยมถกน ามาใชในการผลตพลงงานนวเคลยร
N
~ 47 ~
Outspoken
ตรงไปตรงมา/ปากกลา
/ˌaʊtˈspəʊ.kən/
Meaning: expressing strong opinions very directly without worrying if
other people are offended
Synonym: blunt, candid, forthright
Antonym: devious, cautious
Collocation: +noun
Example of use: Mr. Masack is an outspoken critic of the present
government.
นายมารแซคเปนนกวจารณปากกลาของรฐบาลปจจบน
O
~ 48 ~
Political
ในทางการเมอง
/pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/
Meaning: Connected with a political party.
Synonym: civic
Collocation: ADV.
Example of use: This whole issue has become highly political.
ปญหาทงหมดนไดกลายเปนทางการเมองอยางสง
P
~ 49 ~
Significant
อยางมนยส าคญ /sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/
Meaning: important or noticeable
Synonym: important
Antonym: unimportant
Collocation: PREP (to, for)
Example of use: This development proved highly significant
for the whole town.
การพฒนานไดรบการพสจนอยางมากทส าคญส าหรบทงเมอง
S
~ 50 ~
Undeniable
ปฎเสธไมได
/ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.ə.bl /
Meaning: certainly true
Synonym: certain
Antonym: disputable
Collocation: Noun+undeniable
Example of use: Whatever the case, it was an undeniable
fact now.
ไมวากรณทมนเปนความจรงทปฏเสธไมไดในขณะน
U
~ 51 ~
Warming
ท าใหอน
/woːm/
Meaning: Make for warm
Synonym: heating
Collocation: Noun (Global)
Example of use: These gases can lead to global warming.
กาซเหลานจะน าไปสภาวะโลกรอน
W
~ 52 ~
ADVERB
Effectively
อยางมประสทธภาพ,อยางไดผล
/ɪˈfek.tɪv.li/
Meaning: In a way that is successful and achieves what you want. Synonynm: expertly
Collocation: verb
Example of use: We find advertising on the radio very effective.
เราพบวาการโฆษณาทางวทยทมประสทธภาพมาก
E
~ 53 ~
Publicly
เผยแพรตอสาธารณชน
/ˈpʌb.lɪ.kli/
Meaning: If something is done publicly, it is done so that
everyone can know about it.
Synonym: openly
Collocation: +verb
Example of use: He hasn't said anything publicly, but in
confidence he told me he's getting married.
เขาไมไดพดอะไรทเปดเผยตอสาธารณชน แตในความเชอมนของเขาบอกวาเขาก าลงจะ
แตงงาน
P
~ 54 ~
References
http://www.ozdic.com/collocation-dictionary/strike http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/order http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/synonym
~ 55 ~
Members of Group
1. Nuttanicha Dulyakaran 55112650
2. Pathamawadee Boonnontae 55114391
3. Suthathip Suwannapong 55121305
4. Chanikan Deesalam 55140651