Project Lead The WayMedical Intervention

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Unit 3 header

Unit 3.1Detecting Cancer

Preface

• Cancer - #2 leading cause of death in the US (#1 is heart disease)• 1/2 of all men and 1/3 of all women in the US will develop cancer• Term “cancer” encompasses more than 100 different diseases• All cancer cells share one important characteristic

- abnormal cells with un-regulate cell division• Most cancers are 1st recognized when signs or symptoms appear• Once cancer is suspected, it can be further investigated through

medical tests including X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans• Definitive diagnosis requires the histological examination (biopsy)• Once a diagnosis is confirmed, treatment can begin. The more that

is known about the cancer, the more effective the treatment can be

PrefaceIn this lesson you will be introduced to Mike Smith, the 16 yr old son in the Smith family.

For the last couple of months, Mike has been experiencing pain in his upper arm that may be indicative of cancer.

Through the exploration of Mike’s case, you will:

• Explore diagnostic techniques used to diagnose Mike’s particular cancer, including diagnostic imaging and examination of cancerous tissue

• Look at the physiology of cancer and investigate the genes involved with cancer.

• Examine the technology that is being used to give researchers a better understanding of the differences between gene expression in cancer cells versus normal cells

• Learn ways that this technology is being used to potentially develop personalized medicine for treating cancer.

1) Cancer is a term used for more than 100 different diseases in which cell regulation genes are mutated causing the cells to reproduce out of control.

2) X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans are used to create pictures of the inside of the body to diagnose and treat many disorders.

3) Scientists use DNA microarray technology to determine the differences in gene expression between different tissue samples.

Understandings

It is expected that students will: 1) Recognize that there are many different types of cancer, each

with specific risk factors, manifestations in the body, and treatment options.

2) Describe the different uses for X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs as well as how each technology works.

3) Describe the differences in the appearance of normal cells and cancer cells.

4) Recognize that DNA microarrays measure the amount of mRNA for genes that is present in a cell sample.

5) Use a microscope to compare normal cells and cancer cells.6) Perform a simulated DNA microarray to analyze gene expression

patterns.7) Calculate the correlation coefficient for gene expression

patterns between different individuals.

Knowledge and Skills

1) What fundamental characteristics do all cancers have in common?2) In what ways are diagnostic imaging technologies used to diagnose

and treat disorders?3) What do DNA microarrays measure?4) How is DNA microarray technology used to determine the

differences in gene expression between different tissue samples?5) How are the similarities of gene expression patterns between

different individuals calculated?

Essential Questions

1) Finish Activity 3.1.1 Who Is Affected by Cancer • Work with a partner to identify patterns or trends in the data• Identify five conclusions about cancer• 30-45 minutes• Share 5 conclusions with class

2) Begin working on Activity 3.1.2.A- Diagnostic Imaging• Diagnostic Imaging PowerPoint• Handouts

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