project management 2 chu eu ho dept. of civil and environmental engineering massachusetts institute...
TRANSCRIPT
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2
Chu Eu Ho
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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WHAT IS A PROJECT ?
Organization of resources into activities
Implementation of the activities in a logical sequence
WHAT ARE RESOURCES ?
Materials EquipmentTechnology
PeopleTime
Money
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NATURE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Like Manufacturing industry – Involves the production of a physical product
Like Service industry – Does not accumulate large amount of capital – Many small businesses
Success or failure is highly dependent on the qualities of the people rather than Technologies protected by patent
or Availability of capital facilities
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CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IS HIGHLY CUSTOM ORIENTED
Desire for Uniqueness of Product
(not Mass Production)Organization structure is highly
specialized and layeredComplex interlocking of interests and
traditions - Architecture
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CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IS HIGHLY INCENTIVE ORIENTED
Advances tend to develop from innovations or “better ideas”
Cannot be protected by laws of secrecy or patents
Ideas disseminate quicklyBenefit Competitors
Lack incentive for investment for R&D
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INTEREST GROUPS
Owner wants to achieve best value for their investment
Contractors desire to bid low enough to win but high enough to realize profit on investment
Workers hope to achieve better living standards and working conditions
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INTEREST GROUPS
Owner wants to achieve best value for their investment
Contractors desire to bid low enough to win but high enough to realize profit on investment
Workers hope to achieve better living standards and working conditions
Architect and Engineers are not directly
associated with the above groupsProfessional achievement more attractive
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LIFE CYCLE OF A PROJECT
Seven PhasesConcept and Feasibility Studies
Preliminary Engineering and Design
Detailed Engineering and Design
Procurement
Construction
Start-up and Implementation
Operation or Utilization
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1. Concept and Feasibility Studies
Forecast Future DemandLocation
Availability of Resources Accessibility to transportation
Political and Institutional Factors
Sociological and Economic Impact on Community
Environmental Impact
Overall Technical and EconomicFeasibility
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2. Preliminary Engineering and Design
Architectural concepts
Evaluation of technological process alternatives
Size and capacity of facility
Comparative economic studies
Reviews by regulatory bodies for compliance
Zoning regulations
Building codes
Licensing procedures
Safety standards
Environmental impact
Public Hearing
Funding cycles in Legislative and Executive Bodies
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3. Detailed Engineering and Design
Design of Architectural Elements
Design of Structural Elements
Site Investigation
Foundation Design
Electrical and Mechanical Design
Preparation of Specifications and Drawings
Preparation of Contract Documents
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3. Detailed Engineering and Design
Design of Architectural Elements
Design of Structural Elements
Site Investigation
Foundation Design
Electrical and Mechanical Design
Preparation of Specifications and Drawings
Preparation of Contract Documents
Field Construction Methods
Cost Knowledge
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4. Procurement
Services
Equipment
Materials
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Services
Equipment
Materials
Lump Sum Contract
Cost Plus Fee Contract
Negotiated Contract
4. Procurement
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5. Construction
Process whereby the Designer’s Plans and Specifications are converted into Physical
Structures and Facilities
Co-ordination of all resources to complete the project
On Schedule
Within Budget
According to Specified Standard of Quality and Performance
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6. Start-up and Implementation
Testing of Components
Warranty Period
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7. Operation and Utilization
Regular Maintenance of Facilities
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DESIGN TEAM
Architect
Interior Designer
Landscape Architect
Civil Engineer
Environmental Engineer
Electrical Engineer
Mechanical Engineer
Chemical Engineer
Geologist
Environmental Scientist
Economist
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CONSTRUCTION TEAM
General Contractor
Land Surveyor
Formwork Carpenters
Steel Fabricators
Concreters
Bricklayers
Plant and Equipment Operators
Specialist subcontractors
Suppliers
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Construction Contracts
American Institute of Architects Documents
A101 Standard Form of Agreement between Owner
and Contractor – Stipulated Sum
A111 Standard Form of Agreement between Owner
and Contractor – Cost of the Work Plus a Fee
A201 General Conditions of the Contract for Construction
B141 Standard form of Agreement between Owner
and Architect
A132 Performance Bond and Payment Bond
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Elements of a Construction ContractARTICLES
Contract Documents
Architect
Owner
Contractor
Subcontractors
Work by Owner or by Separate Contractors
Time of Completion and Extension of Time
Progress and Final Payments
Substantial Completion
Insurance
Changes in the Work
Uncovering and Correction of Work
Termination of Contract
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Architech/Engineer Owner
General Contractor
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Architech/Engineer Owner
General Contractor
Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Architech/Engineer Owner
General Contractor
Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Architech/Engineer Owner
General Contractor
Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
Supplier
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Architech/Engineer Owner
Specialists General Contractor
Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
Supplier
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Architech/Engineer Owner
Specialists Construction Manager
Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
Supplier
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Architech/Engineer Owner
Specialists Construction Manager
General Contractor
Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
Supplier
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Owner
Architech/Engineer Design Builder
Specialists Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
Supplier
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Architech/Engineer Owner
Specialists Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
Supplier
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Beneficiary Owner Performance Bond
Principal General Contractor Surety
Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
Supplier
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ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Beneficiary Owner Payment Bond
Principal General Contractor Surety
Subcontractor Subcontractor Subcontractor
Beneficiary2nd Tier Subcontractor
3rd Tier Subcontractor
Supplier
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INSURANCE
Requirements under AIA A201Contract Documents
Contractor’s Liability Insurance
Owner’s Liability Insurance
Property Insurance
Loss of Use Insurance
Workmen Compensation
Disability Benefits
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OWNERS RESPONSIBILITY
Make Financial Arrangements to fulfill his obligations
Furnish Accurate Contract Specifications and Drawings for the Contractor’s work
Right to Stop Work
Right to Change Work
Right to Terminate Contract if Contractor Defaults
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Architect’s ResponsibilityArchitect is the Owner’s Representative
Architect is the Administrator of the Contract
Visit site at appropriate stages of construction to familiarize himself generally with the progress and quality of the Work and to determine whether Work is proceeding in accordance with Contract Documents.
Advice the Owner on Work Progress
Guard the Owner against Defects and Deficiencies in the Work of the Contractor
Reviews Contractor’s Claims and Approves Amount to be paid to the Contractor
Architect is not responsible for Methods of Construction or Site Safety
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Contractor’s Responsibility
Review Contract documents for Errors and Inconsistencies
Supervise and Co-ordinate all Construction Work
Provide full time Superintendent on Site
Responsible for Site Safety
Indemnify the Owner against any Claims by third parties
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Handling Disputes
Contract is signed between Owner and Contractor
Architect acts as Interpreter of the Contract between Owner
and Contractor
Architect acts as Judge of the Performance of the Owner
and Contractor
All disputes between Owner and Contractor shall be decided
by Architect
Architect shall not show Partiality
Architect’s Decision on Artistic Effects is Final
Arbitration
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Scoping
Planning
Organizing
Controlling
Basic Management Activities
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SCOPING
Establishing Realistic and Specific Objectives which states in advance the Desired Results
PLANNING
Programming
Costing
Scheduling
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ORGANIZING
Design of the Organization Structure
Delegation of Responsibilities
Working Relationships between Individuals and Groups
System of Communication to keep everyone informed
Provide Leadership
Feedback Loop
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CONTROLLING
Awareness of Current Status of Cost, Schedule and Quality Performance compared to Project Goals
Regular Inspection and Supervision
Formulate Procedures to Identify Errors in time for Remedial Works to be made
Manage Disputes
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Know Your Scope of Works
Understand Your Contractual Obligations
Plan Activities in Detail
Resolve Problems Quickly
Manage Subcontractors
Manage Cash Flow
Project Management
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To Be A Good Project Manager To Be A Good Project Manager
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KNOW YOUR STUFF
&
KEEP COOL
To Be A Good Project Manager