Project No.2External Wall types and Openings

Group 7

Layers used:

Concrete Block

Clay Brick

Plasterboard

Render

Insulation

Wall tie

Timber

Concrete Block

Made from cast concrete usually made of sand and fine gravel. Size of standard concrete brick is 215x100x440mm.

Clay Brick

Made of clay bearing soil, sand and lime. Size of clay block is 65x102.5x215mm.

Plasterboard

Made from calcium sulfate dihydrate.

Render

Made from cement, sand and water.

Insulation

Made of Cellulose, fiberglass and wool.

Wall Tie

Made from metal.

Timber

Size 47x25mm

Wall Type 1-20th Century Partial

Fill Cavity Wall Construction:

Components

Concrete Block

Cavity

Insulation

Wall tie

Clay Brick

Plasterboard

Wall Type 1-20th Century Full

Fill Cavity Wall Construction:

Components

Concrete Block

Insulation

Wall tie

Plasterboard

Render

Wall Type 1-20th Century

Solid Wall Construction:

Components

Render

Insulation

Concrete block

Plasterboard

Timber

Insulation in walls

• 50mm cavity

• 50mm insulation

• 100mm insulation

• 0mm cavity • Solid wall

• Plaster (25mm)

• Timber battens

• Insulation

Blanket insulation

• Materials:

Fibreglass

Mineral wool

Plastic fibre

• Installation

Between studs, joints and

beams

Types of insulation

Loose-fill insulation

• Materials:

Cellulose

Fibreglass

Mineral wool

• Installation

Blown into place

Concrete block insulation

• Materials:

Foam board

• Installation

Stacked without mortar

and surface bonded

Foam board

insulation

• Materials:

Polystyrene

• Installation

Interior must be

covered with half

inch gypsum

board. Exterior

must be covered

with weatherproof

facing.https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorcavityinsulation-

170404103330/95/tutor-cavity-insulation-ppt-4-16-

638.jpg?cb=1491302042 https://www.diydoctor.org.uk/project_images/insulating

walls/insulation-with-battens.jpg

https://www.insulationshop.co/image/ca

talog/product/URSA/URSA_Cavity_Batt

s_fullfill.png

Thermal conductivity:

100mm = 0.17W/m2K

50mm = 0.40W/m2K

Solid wall = 0.20W/m2K

https://www.uvalue-

calculator.co.uk/calc

ulator/walls/external

%20wall%20insulati

on%20(ewi)/solid%

20brick/102.5mm/1

0mm%20polymer%

20render/60/

Plasterboard

Plasterboard is made of gypsum and paper. The U value of plasterboard varies depending on which type it is but according to Gyproc the

standard 12.5mm plasterboard has a u value of 0.05 m^2K/W. With a vapour control membrane

The U value is only 0.04 m^2K/W.

There are many types of plasterboard such as Vapor control, Impact protection,

Moisture resistant, Acoustic, Fire resistant and Insulated. Additives are added in the

paper liner and core to make certain types like moisture resistant plasterboard for

example.

The standard thicknesses given by Gyproc for plasterboard are 9.5mm, 12.5mm

and 15mm. Also normally has a standard width of 1200mm to suit 600mm

spacing between studded walls.

The gypsum in plasterboard is generated from natural and synthetic sources

so plasterboard has a low level of embodied energy

Concrete Block

• Great strength - More in compression and less in tension.

• It is reinforced by vertical and horizontal steel bars.

• Must have vertical expansion joins – 6m centres for cone blockwork.

• Too strong – Increase risk of cracking.

• Too weak – Joints weather as they let in water.

• Thermal mass:

Absorb heat in hot conditions

Release back in fixing space

Acts as a house radiator

• Slow to build – Doesn’t tolerate extreme weather conditions

Water leads to the shrinking and expansion which causes depletes.

• High density – Made of cement

• Low density – Made of cement and fly ash

• Measurements – 440 x 215 x 100

• Absorb less water

• Class A1 – Fire resistance

• Excellent sound insulation

Plastered concrete block

https://t3.ftcdn.net/jpg/00/76/23/10/500_F_7

6231022_gserNvxLx0TpxYfcdPmYfi806P7n

n2pK.jpg

Rendered concrete block

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/be/00/fb/be00fb8ffbcb0cd33

9bea695de2bc242.jpg

Clay Brick

Clay bricks should have a thickness of 102.5 mm, be frost resistant.

Bricks are very water absorbent.

Standard bricks are tested by leaving them in cold water for 24 hours

The conductivity of a clay brick is 0.9 W/Mk

Standard dimensions of a clay brick

Wall tie

Over the years, wall ties have been

made from materials such as;

plastic, galvanised mild steel and

also stainless steel. Out of the three

of these, both plastic and galvanised

mild steel are obsolete.

The sizes of the wall ties vary

depending on each wall and the

type of wall tie needed. Partially

filled cavity walls require a

different type of wall tie than a

full fill cavity where as solid walls

don’t require a wall tie.

The purpose of wall ties is to join both the inner and

outer leaf of the wall together allowing them to act as a

unit. Wall ties also play a vital role in ensuring that the

building is stable.

This is why we don’t need wall ties in a solid wall as its

only one main component and we don’t need tie it

together

Reference page

https://www.gyproc.ie/sites/default/files/Section%202.1%20-%20Boards_0.pdf

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1GCEU_enIE869IE869&biw=1440&bih=789&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=l

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KUiwQ&ved=0ahUKEwjV2O_hrP3kAhXUQUEAHVuFCfwQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=ih6LvvLiIC3SbM:

https://www.insulationsuperstore.co.uk/browse/plasterboard.html

https://www.gyproc.ie/products-systems/products/gyproc-moisture-resistant

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enIE869IE869&biw=1440&bih=789&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=

cOOUXYKNNvXE8gLi-

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t=5#imgrc=kQLYDqRWBuDquM:

https://www.google.com/search?q=plasterboard&rlz=1C1CHBD_enIE869IE869&source=lnms&tbm=isch&

sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqicbro_7kAhUhpnEKHY90BsQQ_AUIEigB&biw=1440&bih=789#imgrc=rymLEqGs

Ew-XmM:

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enIE869IE869&biw=1440&bih=789&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=

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https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1PRFI_enIE857IE858&biw=1536&bih=754&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=h7iUXaS_IsSM8gLQk5fQBg&q=

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https://gharpedia.com/blog/cavity-wall-advantages-and-disadvantages/

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1PRFI_enIE857IE858&biw=1536&bih=754&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=h7iUXaS_IsSM8gLQk5fQBg&q=21st+c

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