project partners: manitoba hydro, univ. of manitoba,...

Kinetic Hydropower: Opportunities in Manitoba

Purpose: To harness river flows for supplying power to remote Northern Communities Currently served by Diesel

Project Partners: Manitoba Hydro, Univ. of Manitoba, Man. HVDC Res. Centre, Govt. of Canada

Kinetic Hydropower: kinetic energy

from water currents is transformed into electricity using submerged turbine-generator sets.

Unlike other run-of-river plants, kinetic turbine sets do not require a penstock or powerhouse.

InvisibleLow Footprint

FilterFilterTURBINE

CABLE

PERMANENT MAGNETGENERATOR

Isolated load: 60kW, 600V, 60Hz

POWER-ELECTRONIC INTERFACE

Grid: 600V, 60Hz

KINETIC TURBINE + SPEED INCREASER

Kinetic Turbine: Research Platform

Interconnection of components:

400 Hz PM Generator (submerged)

VSC Rectifier/Inverter

Comparison to Wind Generation

EMS E15 65kW Wind Turbine(Courtesy of Energy Maintenance Service LLC.)

2.513[m/s]Approximate wind/water velocity needed for 60-kW output4155[rpm]Rotor speed at rated power2.315[m]Rotor diameter6065[kW]Rated power

Kinetic(UEK® 60kW)

Wind(EMS E15

65kW)Type of turbine

UEK® 60-kW Kinetic Turbine(Courtesy of UEK® Systems)

Kinetic Hydropower

Power Converter: The PEBB Concept

The Power Electronics Building Blocks technology allows for customizable power-electronics.

The kinetic turbine platform employs PEBB-based converters.Basic elements:

• Power circuit components(Switches, storage elements, …)

• Heat sink• Gate drive circuits• Programmable controller• Filter units• Auxiliary power supply

PM1000 PowerModuleTM PEBB module from American SuperconductorTM Corp.

Kinetic Hydropower

Tribute to Professor John Reeve Given by Bill Long at the CIGRE Study Committee B4 Meeting Osaka, Japan, October 31, 2007 John and I first became acquainted at the IEEE Power Engineering Society meetings in New York in the early 1970s. John was on the faculty at the University of Waterloo, in Ontario, Canada, and I was with the Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California. We would have been in our 30s and part of a small group of researchers who believed that high-voltage direct-current transmission could have a significant impact on power systems. There were perhaps a half-dozen of us who felt a kinship in this new technology, and we enjoyed challenging each other’s ideas and then heading out for an evening on the town. We considered ourselves special, and perhaps we were. John spent his career at the University of Waterloo except for periods of sabbatical leave including at IREQ and EPRI. I moved on to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Our friendship continued via IEEE and CIGRE meetings, and opportunities for me to serve as External Examiner for a number of John’s PhD students. In 1993 my late wife Ginger and I headed to New Zealand for the meeting of CIGRE Study Committee 14 (now B-4), where we joined John and friend Kirsten Ward for a week of touring the North Island. We had a delightful time wandering around without a set agenda, enjoying the countryside and the companionship. (My memory recalls Cloudy Bay Sauvignon Blanc wine and green-lipped mussels.) As we drove we observed a large ground bird along the roadway, which John claimed to be a cassowary. I corrected him, that it was in fact a guinea hen. John (who did not much like being corrected) replied that then it must be a false cassowary. In the summer of 1996 we four took our bicycles and headed to Denver for the IEEE PES Summer Meeting where John was the first academic to receive the Uno Lamm HVDC Award. We biked around Denver followed by a few days in Winter Park. Again, we enjoyed each other’s company and had a fine time in the high altitudes of the Rockies. Not long after, Kirsten and John parted company. Through John, Ginger and I then became friends with Pat Moore, spending time together at the 2003 CIGRE Study Committee B-4 meeting in Nuremburg and subsequently at John’s farm in rural Ontario. Again, these were good times. So here we are in 2008. Ginger is gone, as is John. Good memories remain. John was a creative colleague, an active participant in CIGRE and IEEE work, and a good friend. I miss him.

B4 FACTSB4 FACTSFROM BRAZILFROM BRAZIL

BrazilianBrazilian SC B4SC B4

BrazilianBrazilian SC B4SC B4 hashas 40 regular 40 regular membersmembersfromfrom 18 18 differentdifferent companiescompanies

ConvenerConvener: : Sergio do EspSergio do Espíírito Santorito Santo -- FURNASFURNASSecretarySecretary: : WoWo PingPing -- CEPELCEPEL

SC B4 - 42nd Session Regular Meeting – Osaka, Japan

HVDC HVDC CourseCourse

FromFrom JuneJune 13th to 15th13th to 15th wewe organizedorganized a a HVDC HVDC CourseCourse in Furnas, Rioin Furnas, RioTheThe audienceaudience waswas composedcomposed byby 173 173 participantsparticipants fromfrom 36 36 companiescompanies

PicturesPictures


FutureFuture TrendsTrends in in BrazilBrazilMadeira Madeira projectproject is is underunder considerationconsideration byby federal federal governmentgovernmentIt It willwill havehave a a ttotalotal installed power of 6,450 MWinstalled power of 6,450 MW(Santo Antonio (Santo Antonio andand Jirau Jirau powerpower plantsplants) ) andand a a 2,500 2,500 km km longlong transmissiontransmission linelineSanto Antonio Santo Antonio powerpower plantplant willwill bebe biddenbidden ininDecemberDecember, 10th , 10th Jirau Jirau powerpower plantplant bidbid is is scheduledscheduled for for nextnext MarchMarch(2008)(2008)TransmissionTransmission systemsystem auctionauction is is scheduledscheduled for for thethesecondsecond semestersemester ofof 20082008HVDC HVDC TransmissionTransmission SystemSystem hashas a a veryvery goodgoodchance to winchance to win


WG B4WG B4--34 34 -- Capacitor Capacitor CommutatedCommutated ConverterConverter

60 60 dayday periodperiod ofof thethe WorkingWorking GroupGroup B4B4--34 34 reportreport endedended lastlast SeptemberSeptember, 30, 30..TheThe BrazilianBrazilian ConvenerConvener, , Dr. João BarrosDr. João Barros, , is is nownow includingincluding thethe commentscomments in in thetheFinal Final ReportReportHeHe saidsaid thatthat thethe SC B4 SC B4 SecretarySecretary willwillreceivereceive it it for for publicationpublication in in thirtythirty daysdaysA A paperpaper to Electrato Electra is is alsoalso beingbeing preparedprepared


ThankThank YouYou!!

Dato - Dok.nr. 1Titel

HVDC Schemes under Construction and Plannedin Denmark

Poul Damgaard

Energinet.dk

email: [email protected]


HVDC Schemes under Construction

Konti-Skan 1 Refurbishment

380 MW link Sweden-Denmark (west) (282 kV DC)

Replacement of the mercury ark converters from 1965

New converters from Areva in commercial operation in December 2006

Ongoing work: Implementation of Bipole Control expected commissioned mid 2008

Store Bælt HVDC link

600 MW HVDC LCC link inside Denmark (east-west) (400 kV DC)

Orders placed in May 2007:

- Cables: ABB

- Converters: Siemens

Commercial operation: April 2010


HVDC Schemes Planned

Skagerrak 4 (Norway- Denmark (west)

Feasibility studies ongoing, to be finished January 2008:

- Transmission capacity 600 MW – under evaluation

- DC voltage 450 or 500 kV – under evaluation

- Current in SK3 (350 kV) and SK4 in balanced bipole (1430 A)

Transmission system on land:

- Approx. 36 km overhead line or land cable in Norway

- Approx. 85 km land cable in Denmark

Route length submarine cable: approx. 130 km

Preliminary time schedule established:

- License application – 2008

- Tender documents and contracting - 2008-2009

- Commissioning – end 2012


Map

Store Bælt

Skagerrak 4

Konti-Skan 1

1 Fingrid Oyj 25.10.2007

Cigre SC B4 OsakaHVDC and FACTS projects in FinlandJussi Jyrinsalo, RM


Priority Cross-sections of the Nordel Grid

The Nordic TSOs propose jointlythe following grid projects to reinforce the Nordel grid1. Fenno-Skan 2 (year 2010)

2. Connection between Central and Southern Sweden (year 2012/13)

3. Nea-Järpströmmen (year 2009)

4. The Skagerrak (letter of intent 12/2006)

5. The Great Belt (year 2010)

2.

1.

3.

4.

5.

The total costs of these projects are approx. 1,000 million €.

3.


FennoSkan 2HVDC, 800 MW

Kangasala SVC,-200...+240 Mvar

The Nordic 400 kV grid


Fenno-Skan 2 HVDC interconnection cross section

Sweden Finland

0 km

110 m

70 km 194 km 0,3 km 33 km 0 km2 km

400 kVSubstation

500 kVConverter

StationFinnböle

TransitionStation

Dannebo

SubmarineCable

TransitionStation

Rihtniemi

500 kVConverter

StationRauma

400 kVSubstation

Gulf of Bothnia

● Budget 300 million euro● 800 MW● 500 kV● Commissioning December 31, 2010


After extension sea current will be reduced to 1/5 at max in bipolar usage.


HVDC SSTI related challenges in southwest network

In total OL1-OL3 have five torsional frequencies fmechbelow 20 Hz

OL1 and OL2 identicalStructure and controls of FS1 and FS2 not identical

Effect of multi-infeed HVDC on SSO

Possible new units and/or connections in near future

flexibility in SSDC design and SSO monitoring

G

G

RA4

G

FennoSkan1 550 MW

OL1950 MVA

HT4

FennoSkan2 800 MW

UL4

OL2950 MVA

OL31900 MVA

by 2011PMU

PMU


Kangasala SVC: TCR+TSC+filters -200...+240 MVAr

RL

#1#2

0 .25 [H ]

200 [MVAR ] 10 0 .0 [MVAR ]

BUSXX kV

250 MVA410 /XX kV , YN xx

TT

TT

20 .0 [MVAR ] 20 .0 [MVAR ] 1 0 .0 [MVAR ]

h3 h5 h7

H a rm o n ic fi l te rs

BUS400 kV

BR

K

Ss c = 6 500 MVA

100 .0 [MVAR ]

TT

BUS

D e live ry boa rde r

h4.2

h4.2


Control modes of the SVC

1. Damping of power oscillations (by using local frequency measured by a PMU as an input signal)2. Reactive power emergency support (constant voltage mode)3. Local voltage control (constant reactive power mode)

SVC rating: -200 ... +240 MvarBudget: 12 million euroCommissioning: February 2009, delivery by Nokian Capacitors Ltd (excl. the transformer)

New HVDC Link in Korea

Oct. 31, 2007

4(안)

제주C/S

진도

추자도

완도

보길도

노화도

소안도

대모도

청산도

횡간도

해남C/S

한림이호

강진군

제주시

1(안) 2(안)

3(안)

5(안)

신지도

기설

성산

Alternative Routes for HVDC cable

교차××87완도 - 구좌5

교차△△98해남 - 구좌4

없음○△106해남 - 이호3

없음○○100진도 - 이호2

없음△○102진도 - 한림1

배전케이블교차

운전 및유지보수성어업권거리

(km)루 트안

- 양식어장, 민가가 적어 민원발생 가능성 적음

- 추자도 외측 중국어선 어업이 빈번하여 내측 유리

진도-이호(2안) 유력

예상 경과지 비교표 예상 경과지(안)

HVDC System Voltage

케이블비용

960억 809억 745억

1,248억 1,456억 1,820억

250 kV 200 kV 180 kV

변환 비용

2,208억 2,265억

2,565억

100%2,5653.51,8202.07451,4001,134±18088%2,2653.31,4561.98091,2001,020±20086%2,2083.11,2481.8960800818±250

손실비용손실비용비율합계

(억원)케이블변환케이블

규격(㎟)전류(A

)전압(k

V)

250kV250kV200kV200kV

180kV180kV

#2 HVDC 시스템 전압 : ±250kV 선정#2 HVDC #2 HVDC 시스템시스템 전압전압 : : ±±250kV 250kV 선정선정

귀로케이블1

전력케이블1

전력케이블2

귀로케이블2

귀로케이블

전력케이블1

전력케이블2

안 2루트 2Power 2Return 3루트 2Power 1Return

구성도

신뢰성1회선 고장 : 400MW 공급 가능

2회선 고장 : 200MW 공급 가능

1회선 고장 : 200MW 공급 가능

2회선 고장 : 공급 정지

특 징안정적인 전력공급 가능[n-2]다양한 운전 구성 가능유지보수 용이

안정적인 전력공급 가능[n-1]제어회로가 비교적 단순유지보수 불리

System Configuration

1

AYSEN – SIC TRANSMISSION PROJECT

CIGRÉ SC B4 MeetingOsaka, Japan

October 31, 2007

2

SING

Transelec is the largest transmission company in Chile and it concentrates on the highest voltage levels: 500 kV, 220 kV and 154 kV

Transelec has 959 kilometers of transmission lines and 4 substations in the Northern Interconnected System (SING)

Transelec has 7.244 kilometers of transmission lines and 44 substations in the Central Interconnected System (SIC)

Transelec is a private company owned by Brookfield Consortium, Canada.

SIC

Transelec Transmission System

3

Aysén-SIC Transmission Project

Aysén Hydro Power Plants (HidroAysén):

Five hydro power plants

Commissioning date: 2013 to 2021

Total Installed capacity: 2300, 2600 or 2860 MW (under study)

Aysén-SIC Transmission Project (Transelec):

HVDC line (2000 km) and converter stations

Central Interconnected System (SIC):

Maximum demand 2007: 6300 MW

2013: 9000 MW (6.5% growth per year)

2021: 14000 MW (5.5 growth per year)

Installed capacity 2007: 8500 MW

Hydro/Thermal Capacity: 60% / 40% (2007)

CHILE

4

Schedule of the Aysén-SIC Transmission Project

2009

January 2006

Start up studies

2008

Start up constructio

n

Construction decision

Commissioning of the hydro power plants

Commissioning of the transmission

project (1st Stage)

2013

Studies stage

- Conceptual engineering

- Power system studies

- Environmental studies

- Basic engineering

Construction4 years

Terms of reference and

tendering

2021

5

HVDC bipolar line

SIC

Converter Substation Santiago

Converter Substation Cochrane

Basic Design of the Aysén-SIC Transmission Project

• Capacity (2300 to 2860 MW) and distance (2000 km) means ±500 kV or ±600 kV• Conductor size: 4x 46 mm (1.8 in), under optimization • Reliability concern for design: 2021 Transmission/Max Demand= 20%

Transmission/Min Demand= 36%• Short duration overload (two hours): 1.9 (for zero load shedding design)

1.6 (300 MW load shedding)1.3 (600 MW load shedding)

(Preliminary figures)

6www.transelec.cl

Reliable Transmission

SC B4 contact:

Juan C. Araneda Boris MuñozSystem Development Manager Project Studies Deputy ManagerApoquindo 3721, 5th Floor Apoquindo 3721, 11th FloorSantiago, Chile Santiago, ChileTel. 56-2-4677166 Tel. [email protected] [email protected]

HVDC Projects and Activities

Power Transmission and Distribution

2 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T

Neptune, USA, 2007

105 kmTransmission

dist.

Long distance

Sea Cable

Type of plant

Direct-light-triggered 8 kVThyristor voltage

500 kV DC, 230/345 kV,60 Hz

Voltage levels

660 MW, monopolarPower rating

New Jersey/New York

Long Island

Location

NeptuneProject name

Neptune RTSCustomer


Ballia - Bhiwadi, India, 2009

800 kmTransmission

distance

Long distance

transmission

Type of plant

3600Number of

thyristors

Direct-light-triggered, 8 kVThyristor voltage

500 kV DC, 400 kV, 50 HzVoltage levels

2500 MW, bipolarPower rating

Uttar Pradesh province to

Rajasthan province

Location

Ballia-BhiwadiProject name

Powergrid Corporation of India

Ltd.

Customer

Delhi

Ballia

Bhiwadi

Delhi

Ballia

Bhiwadi


Yunnan - Guangdong, China, 2010

1418 kmTransmission

distance

Long distance transmissionType of plant

5760Number of

thyristors



5000 MW, bipolarPower rating

Province Yunnan to province

Guangdong

Location

Yunnan-Guangdong ±800kV

UHVDC Transmission Project

Project name

China Southern Power Grid Co.,

Ltd.

Customer


Storebælt, Denmark, 2010

56 kmTransmission

distance

Submarine cable

transmission

Type of plant

1440Number of

thyristors




The islands Funen (Fyn) and

Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark

Location

StorebæltProject name

Energinet.dkCustomer


BritNed, UK – Netherlands, 2010*

Approximately 200 kmTransmission

distance

Submarine cable transmissionType of plant

3360Number of thyristors




Isle of Grain on the southern bank

of the Thames Estuary in UK and

Maasvlakte west of Rotterdam in

the Netherlands

Location

BritNedProject name

BritNed Development Ltd. Customer

*Subject noticed to proceed


HVDC PLUS Trans Bay Cable Project, USA, 2010


UHVDC Bushing at Test Lab

800 kV DC Bushing in Test Field


DC Reactor Testing

800 kV DC3,125 A75 mH28 tons !


“Snapshots” from DC Valve Tower Testing

Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure


Operational Experiences of HVDC Schemes in Denmark

Poul Damgaard

Energinet.dk

email: [email protected]


Skagerrak 3 – outages since July 2003

09.07.03 – 13.12.03 PT32 in Kristiansand (Cobber sulphid)

28.05.05 – 26.10.05 PT32 in Kristiansand

(Fault after temp. repair – Copper sulphide)

25.01.06 – 28.11.06 New PT32 transformer (OLTC fault )

29.08.07 – ? Tjele T2 transformer

(OLTC fault in refurbished PT32 reason under investigation)

During the last 51 months SK3 has been out of operation in total in 21,5 months because og transformer faults of diffrent kind (42 % of the time).

Statnett and Energinet.dk is investigating ways to improve the availabilty of Skagerrak 3 – spare transformers.

1 de 1

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Link between Spanish peninsula and Baleares islands

2x200 MW bipolar LCC HVDC (± 250 kV) with return cable250 km of length and almost 1500 m of maximum depthCable: 750 – 1200 mm2 of cupper isolated with oil impregnated paperIn service in 2010Manufacturer of converting stations: SiemensManufacturers of cables: Prysmian and NexansJustifications for the link:

Improve the quality of supply

Reduce the price of generation

Delay the need of new generation facilities

POLE 2 THYRISTOR VALVE FAILURE

JUNE 23, 2007

N. DHALIWALManitoba Hydro

SEQUENCE OF EVENTSJune 23, 2007At 21:50 hrs VG23 dc cathode bushing flashover to ground.VG22 blocked by bridge differential protectionPole 2 blocked by pole differential protection

F AULT LO CAT IO N

LVH S - LOW VOLTAGE H IGH SPEED SWITCHH VHS - HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH SPEED SWITCH

LV DCCT

5V1 5V21 3 5

VG21

5V3

F AULT Y VALVE 4V1 4V2

4 6 24V1

4V3

DC

FIL

TER

S

VG22

VG23

LVHS

H V DCCT

HVHS

Pole 2 fault recording 21:50 hrs

VG22 RECORDING

CAUSE OF THYRISTOR FAILURE

High reverse recovery current.

Further investigation for future prevention in progress.

REPORT TO CIGRE SC B4

"ACTIVITIES, RELATED TO HVDC SYSTEMS AND FACTS

IN RUSSIA

FOR THE PERIOD AUGUST 2006 – OKTOBER 2007"

1. HVDC Systems

Two HVDC Systems are in operation in Russia:

1.1. Vyborg back-to-back HVDC link

The capacity of this link is now 1420 MW.

During some last years the total replacement of the Vyborg substation control and protec-

tion system using contemporary microprocessor-based hardware was realised step-by-step. The

principal features of new control system will be reported at CIGRE General Session #42, 2008

(report # B4-102).

Originally this link was created to transmit power in only one direction – from Russia to

Finland. Now in accordance with the request of Fingrid authorities the opportunity of power flow

reversing is being studied.

1.2. Volgograd-Donbass ± 400 kV HVDC overhead line.

All the equipment of Volgograd-Donbass HVDC system has exhausted it's resource, and

system is operating now at ± 100 kV, 25% of the rated power. The problems of reconstruction

of this system are now under consideration, but no decisions are reached yet.

Some investigations are being carried now concerning HVDC alternatives in various re-

gions of Russia. The construction of ± 600 kV HVDC system is considered for power transmis-

sion to China.

The project of 200 MW VSC HVDC BTB link at the "Mogocha" substation in the elec-

tric power system of the Siberia is regarded (2010-2012).

Some relatively small projects of HVDC links (up to 100 MVA) with the cold startup at

the receiving end are also considered.

2

2. FACTS

2.1. In accordance with the Program of FACTs assets implantation into the United Power

System of Russia (UPS), accepted in 2003 by JSC "Federal Grid Company" (FGC), some re-

search works are in the progress concerning the proper places determining for the most effective

using of FACTs devices.

Some results will be reported at the CIGRE General Session #42, 2008 (report # B4-203).

The first pilot asset of 50 MVAr STATCOM is under plant testing now. It is planned to

install this asset for tests and trial operation at 15.75 kV bus in parallel to 160 MVAr synchro-

nous condenser (400 kV side) of the Vyborg BTB station (2008).

2.2. Installing the magnetically controlled shunt reactor (MCSR) is being continued at

500 kV and 220 kV grids of Russia.

At 2006-2007 another 5 MCSRs was put into operation .

The list of installed and planned MCSR assets is shown in table below.

Voltage level, power rating In operation Perspective up to

2008 – 2009 г.

500 kV, 180 MVAR 1 pc. 2006 6 pc.

330 kV, 180 MVAR 2 pc. 2003, 2007 4 pc.

220 kV, 100 MVAR 3 pc. 2001, 2005, 2006 3 pc.

110 kV, 25 MVAR 6 pc. 1999 – 2007 7 pc.

Total: 12 pc. 20 pc.

Grigory M. Tsfasman,

SC B4 RM, Russia

project partners: manitoba hydro, univ. of manitoba,...

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