project proposal project 7: drifters
DESCRIPTION
Project Proposal Project 7: Drifters. Lance Ellerbe - BS EE Jamal Maduro - BS CpE Peter Rivera - BS ME Anthony Sabido - BS ME. Drifter Design Team. Project Overview. Develop a self-contained network of tracked surface drifters for near coastal application. Housing Electronics - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Project Proposal
Project 7: Drifters
Lance Ellerbe - BS EEJamal Maduro - BS CpE
Peter Rivera - BS MEAnthony Sabido - BS ME
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Drifter Design Team
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Project OverviewDevelop a self-contained network of tracked surface drifters for near coastal application.
HousingElectronics
Power SystemGPS receiverRadio transceiverMicrocontroller
Any of these drifters within range of the base station will then be able to send all the information from all other drifters, thus providing a self-contained drifter network. Many such drifters are deployed globally by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as part of the world climate observation program.
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Electrical Components Microcontroller:
TI (Texas Instruments) MSP430G2553 microcontrollerRadio Transceiver
XBee-Pro XSC RF module’s GPS module:
Maestro A2100 Battery
Lithium ionTemperature Sensor
Maxim DS18B20
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General Layout
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Color Coded Circuit Connections
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Microcontroller ,Radio Transceiver, and GPS
Engineer: Jamal Maduro
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Microcontroller
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Microcontroller
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MSP430G2553 Functional Block Diagram
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Microcontroller Clock Speed - Voltage
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Microcontroller Clock Speed - Current
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Microcontroller Low Power Modes
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System Flow Chart
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Microcontroller Architecture
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Radio Transceiver
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XBee Functional Block Diagram
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XBee Modes of Operation
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XBee Transmit State Machine
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XBee Receive State Machine
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XBee Data Verification Chain
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XBee Pin Out Table 1
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XBee Pin Out Table 2
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Radio TransceiverOutput power(Pt) = 30dbm (1W)Transmitting Gain(Gt) = 16 dBiReceiving Gain (Gr)= 16 dBiFrequency Band = 902 – 928MHz ISM BandDistance (d)= 15 miles (24.14016 kilometers)
= -57.348dBm
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GPS Module
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GPS Diagram
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GPS Pin Out Table 1
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GPS Pin Out Table 2
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Temperature Sensor and Power Systems
Engineer: Lance Ellerbe
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Temperature SensorOverviewCompared to the thermistor, the DS18B20
has memory and thus the temperature can be held until a more convenient time when the data can be logged.
1 temperature reading per GPS fix
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Temperature SensorMaxim DS18B20Power Supply Range is 3.0V to 5.5V Can read temperatures from -55°C to +125°C (-67°F to
+257°F) with an accuracy of ±0.5°C from -10°C to +85°C
Converts Temperature to 12-Bit Digital Word in 750ms (Max)
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Temperature SensorInterfacing Maxim DS18B20
Digital temperature sensor that uses serial communication through the DQ pin.
The DQ pin operates in half duplex and therefore cannot receive and send data at the same time.
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Temperature SensorInterfacing Maxim DS18B20
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Temperature Sensor
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Power Systems
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Power SystemsOverviewLow Power ConsumptionEach must be able to operate on 3.3V maximum.The drifter network will be designed to use the least
amount of power when transmitting data.The power supply will be selected in order to supply the
adequate amount of amp-hours in order to provide enough current for each electrical component to be operational throughout its 15 day deployment.
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Power SystemsCurrent Component Selection PROGRESS:Xbee
Operation Voltage: 3.0 -3.6VDCCurrent Draw:
Transmitting current: 256mA Receiving Current: 50 mA
Maestro A2100-A/BOperation Voltage: 3.0V - 3.3VDCCurrent Draw:
Peak Acquisition Current 45mAMicrocontroller
Operation Voltage: 1.8V - 3.6VActive mode: 230uAStandby Mode: 0.5uA
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Power SystemsIdeal Battery Configuration
•Parallel configuration would be ideal to increase the amount of Amp-Hours to supply the adequate amount of current to Microcontroller, GPS module, Radio Transceiver and Temperature Sensor for a 15 day period.
V 2
3.3 VDCV 3
3.3 VDC
Voltage = 3.3 VV 1
3.3 VDCCurrent = 12000mAh
Using 4000 mAhBatteriesEXAMPLE
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Power SystemsVoltage regulation
If battery chosen has a nominal voltage of more than 3.3 V, a voltage regulator will need to be implemented to maximize battery life and supply the correct operating voltage to the components.
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Power SystemsVoltage Regulator
MAX882/MAX883/MAX884 line regulator
The regulator input supply voltage can range from 2.7V to 11.5V
Low Dropout Voltage: 220mV
Fixed Output voltages: 3.3V and 5V
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Power SystemsPCB protectionLithium Ion batteries must connect to a protection circuit
module to protect Li-Ion Battery from overcharge, over discharge and to prevent accidental battery explosion due to its extra high energy density.
Battery
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Power SystemsTesting/ VerificationThe testing of this task will include a number of power
consumption tests. First, each electrical component will be attached separately to a multimeter or oscilloscope to validate that the component is operating within its electrical specifications.
Second, based on the results in the previous step the results can be then used to tweak network parameters such as transmission time or microprocessor algorithms in an attempt to lower power consumption and increase theoretical operation time.
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Power SystemsRisk:
Temperature affecting battery characteristics
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Power SystemsLiFePO4 Rechargeable 26650 Cell
Nominal Voltage 3.2 V
Capacity 10000mAh
Operation Temperature
Discharging: - 10 - 60 oC (14 - 140 o F)
Max. Discharging current
10 A
Energy density 163.17 wh/kg
Price $22.95
Xeno AA Size 3.6V Lithium Battery XL-060F
Nominal Voltage 3.6V
Capacity 2400mAh (2.0V cut-off)
Operation Temperature
Discharging: -55oC - 85 oC (140F)
Max. Discharging current
100mA
Price $3.49
Once all component selection has been finalized, the battery will be chosen based the voltage needed and the highest mAh that can be found.
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Hull DesignEngineers: Anthony Sabido and Peter Rivera
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Design selection
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Concept Designs
Cylindrical Design
Block Design
Semi-Spherical Design
Spherical Design
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Deciding FactorsCost
The most critical factor. We can change the amount of material used and needed, but we can’t change the amount of money allotted.
Stability Each design has it’s strengths and weaknesses.
Ex: Cylinders bob or tilt back and forth, blocks can snag, and spheres will roll/pitch.
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Deciding Factors (cont.)Ease of Fabrication
There is a risk of losing these at sea or a need for more. The Marine Lab should be able to reproduce them if necessary.
Impact Resistance and Weight Each are there own category but carry the
same weight in regards to decision making. Increasing impact resistance typically increases weight. However, these are weighted less than the other factors due to their effects on performance and project completion.
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Cost/Benefit AnalysisCost Stability
Ease of Fabrication
Impact Resistance
Weight Total Rank
(10) (10) (6) (5) (5)
Tube
Aluminum7
-70-1
-10-6
-36-2
-10-3
-15- 141 11
Glass-Fiber10
-100-2
-20-4
-24-1
-5-6
-30- 179 10
Carbon-Fiber2
-20-3
-30-3
-18-3
-15-10
-50- 133 12
Block
Aluminum8
-80-4
-40-5
-30-5
-25-2
-10- 185 9
Glass-Fiber11
-110-5
-50-12
-72-4
-20-7
-35- 287 4
Carbon-Fiber3
-30-6
-60-10
-60-6
-30-11
-55- 235 6
Sphere
Aluminum6
-60-7
-70-1
-6-11
-55-1
-5- 196 8
Glass-Fiber9
-90-8
-80-11
-66-10
-50-5
-25- 311 2
Carbon-Fiber1
-10-9
-90-9
-54-12
-60-9
-45- 259 5
Semi-Sphere
Aluminum5
-50-10
-100-2
-12-8
-40-4
-20- 222 7
Glass-Fiber12
-120-11
-110-8
-48-7
-35-8
-40- 353 1
Carbon-Fiber4
-40-12
-120-7
-42-9
-45-12
-60- 307 3
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PROPOSED DESIGNOverview
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Major Features:•Symmetric•Semi-Circular Profile•Fiberglass Hull
•Off-the-Shelf Deck Plate•Low Cost•Easy Fabrication
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Major Features:•Symmetric•Semi-Circular Profile•Fiberglass Hull
•Off-the-Shelf Deck Plate•Low Cost•Easy Fabrication
•Symmetric Shape•Semi-Circular Profile
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Major Features:•Symmetric•Semi-Circular Profile•Fiberglass Hull
•Off-the-Shelf Deck Plate•Low Cost•Easy Fabrication
•3 Part Designs
•Maximum Water
Tightness
1.Top2.Bowl3.Screw-
in Deck
Plate
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Major Features:•Symmetric•Semi-Circular Profile•Fiberglass Hull
•Off-the-Shelf Deck Plate•Low Cost•Easy Fabrication
1
2
31.Top2.Bowl3.Screw-
in Deck
Plate
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Proposed designMaterial Selection
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FiberglassLow Density:
Cloth: 2.6 g/cm3
Resin: 1.3 g/cm3
Low Cost205-B Slow hardener (0.86qt.): $45.99105-B Epoxy Resin (1 gal): $99.99
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Sealing the Hull6” diameter
deck-plateScrew-on
designMade of
Durable ABS plastic
O-ring for water tight seal
Low cost - $15.99
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Proposed designDimensioning the Hull
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Volume of water needed to be displaced:
Density of water (not salt water) at 30 degrees Celcius:
Calculating Buoyancy
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Mass CalculationsComponent Mass (New)
Antenna 9.1 g
GPS Antenna 9.1 g
GPS Module 4.5 g
Radio Transceiver 4.5 g
Batteries (2) 45.4 g
Board 40.0 g
Deck Plate 309.7 g
Hull 1401.5 g
Total 1823.8 g
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Water Displacement
Vwater
Volume of water needed to be displaced (Vwater) is 1.831 x 10-3 cubic meters.
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Dimensions- Drifter
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Testing DetailsPerformance Analysis
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Testing in DetailFloatation – Check water level. Our goal is to
have the drifter sit low enough in the water to avoid wind drag but not too low that it loses stability.
The Diameter can be increased or decreased to effect floatation.
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Testing in DetailWavelength and Frequency
We want to avoid accidentally matching the wavelength of the test area witch would amplify the amount of roll that the drifter experiences.
An optimal diameter would be 1.5 – 2 times the wavelength but we have not determined the approximate wavelength of the test area and can not compare the data at this moment.
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Testing in DetailAdjusting the diameter however, risks our
balance with the wavelength, instead we can also adjust the vertical profile of the drifter. For example, we can make it more cylindrical to the top and bowl-like at the bottom.
This change allows us to change the volume of water that we’re displacing allowing for a change in water level.
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Testing in DetailDr. Oats Vibration testing was initially
one of our determined test methods but after discussing the pros and cons we determined it was not worth pursuing.
Impact testing was also examined but we believe our electronics will fail before the hull fails, therefore, any testing would be to determine the limit of the electronics. This test would require us to purposely destroy valuable material.
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Project Risk
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Technical Risk
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Technical RiskRisk Exceeding baud rate limits
Probability Low
Consequence Severe
Mitigation Strategy
Obey the baud rte limits for each component
Risk MCU communication function is unavailable
Probability Low
Consequence Minor
Mitigation Strategy
Communication can be implemented with a “bit banging” method using general purpose pins
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Schedule Risk
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Schedule RiskRisk Personal Emergencies
Probability Moderate
Consequence Severe
Mitigation Strategy A strategy to manage this risk would be to ensure that all files used by all group members can be accessible no matter who is not available.
Risk Resource Availability
Probability Moderate
Consequence Moderate
Mitigation Strategy
A strategy to assessing this risk would be to accommodate this possible setback in the group's schedule.
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Schedule RiskRisk Underestimate Microcontroller
Software Creation
Probability High
Consequence Moderate
Mitigation Strategy
Give the programmer more than expected time to program the microcontroller to ensure they can finish without extending other deadlines.
Risk Marine Lab Changes Preliminary Requirements
Probability Low
Consequence Severe
Mitigation Strategy
Stay in contact with the FSU Marine Lab to ensure that if any changes are made in the requirements we will be knowledgeable of the changes and access them as soon as possible.
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Budget Risk
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Budget RiskRisk Out of Stock Components
Probability Low
Consequence Moderate
Mitigation Strategy
Looked up several different products and vendors in case our first choice is not available.
Risk Replacing Lost/Damage Components
Probability Low
Consequence Severe
Mitigation Strategy
Handle the components carefully and keep them in their original packaging for safekeeping.
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Budget Risk
Risk Requiring Developmental Tools
Probability High
Consequence Severe
Mitigation Strategy
We plan to avoid the risk by adapting a current breadboard and printed circuit board to avoid further purchases.
Risk Underestimated Quantities
Probability Moderate
Consequence Severe
Mitigation Strategy
We plan to minimize the risk by very carefully calculating the required amount of material needed.
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Project Timeline & Budget
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Project Overview - TimelineTASK
START DATE
DURATION (DAYS)
END DATE Assigned Team Members
Electronic Components: Product Research9/18/201
12
10/1/2011
Lance, Jamal
Simulation Programming in MATLAB9/18/201
114
10/1/2011
Jamal
Review Wireless Networking Theory9/18/201
114
10/1/2011
Lance, Jamal
Meet with Brian Wells9/30/201
11
9/30/2011
Anthony, Peter
Meet with High Performance Materials Institute
9/30/2011
19/30/201
1Anthony, Peter
Meet With Peter Lazarevich9/30/201
11
9/30/2011
All
Reverse Engineer Previous Drifter9/30/201
11
9/30/2011
All
Preliminary Housing Design10/3/201
18
10/10/2011
Anthony, Peter
Finalize Electronic Component selection10/3/201
11
10/3/2011
Lance, Jamal
Order Electronic components10/4/201
11
10/4/2011
Peter
Finalize Housing Design10/10/20
1145
11/23/2011
Anthony, Peter
Measure & Weigh components10/10/20
111
10/10/2011
All
Conceptual Design Review Paper11/17/20
114
11/20/2011
All
Hull Design Finalized11/17/20
111
11/17/2011
Anthony, Peter
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Timeline Cont.Radio Antenna
Selection11/17/2011 5 11/21/2011 Lance, Jamal
GPS Antenna Selection
11/17/2011 5 11/22/2011 Lance, Jamal
Floatation Testing 11/18/2011 3 11/20/2011 Anthony, Peter
Hull Material Ordering
11/21/2011 1 11/21/2011 Anthony, Peter
GPS signal testing 11/21/2011 2 11/22/2011 All
Transmission Range Testing
11/29/2011 2 11/30/2011 All
Start Initial Fabrication of Hull
1/9/2012 14 1/22/2012 Anthony, Peter
Water Tightness and Flotation
1/16/2012 7 1/22/2012 Anthony, Peter
Housing impact testing
2/3/2012 1 2/3/2012 All
Prototype Housing Fabrication
2/4/2012 1 2/4/2012 Anthony, Peter
Prototype Housing Waterproof Testing
2/5/2012 1 2/5/2012 Anthony, Peter
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Project Overview - Timeline
Electronic Components: Product ResearchSimulation Programming in MATLABReview Wireless Networking Theory
Meet with Brian WellsMeet with High Performance Materials Institute
Meet With Peter LazarevichReverse Engineer Previous Drifter
Preliminary Housing DesignFinalize Electronic Component selection
Order Electronic componenetsFinalize Housing Design
Measure & Weigh componentsConceptual Design Review Paper
Hull Design FinalizedRadio Antenna SelectionGPS Antenna Selection
Floatation TestingHull Material Ordering
GPS signal testingTransmission Range Testing
Start Initial Fabrication of HullWater Tightness and Flotation
Housing impact testingPrototype Housing Fabrication
Prototype Housing Waterproof Testing
9/18/2011
9/23/2011
9/28/2011
10/3/2011
10/8/2011
10/13/2011
10/18/2011
10/23/2011
10/28/2011
11/2/2011
11/7/2011
11/12/2011
11/17/2011
11/22/2011
141414
1111
811
451
41
553
12
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BudgetExpenses Quantity Unit Price Total
Microcontroller 8 $2.80 $25.70
Development Board 1 $13.69 $13.69
Radio Transceiver 5 $39.00 $195.00
USB-RS232 Adapter 5 $11.95 $78.53
RS232 Shifter 5 $13.95 $83.59
Radio Antenna 5 $8.00 $40.00
Printed Board 5 $15.10 $75.50
GPS Antenna 5 $22.95 $114.75
GPS Module 5 $19.44 $97.20
Thermistor 5 $5.00 $35.00
Battery 10 $9.00 $100.00
Fiberglass 15 sq ft $ 4.74/sq ft $71.10
Fiberglass Resin 1 qt $39.99 $39.99
Fiberglass Hardener 0.44 pt $19.99 $19.99
Deck Plate 5 $15.00 $75.00
Expenses Total $1065.04
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Questions
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ReferencesTechnical Report: “Surface Circulation Study of Waters Near Ochlockonee Bay, Florida”- Peter Lazarevich and Dr. Kevin Speer
Project Description : “Tracking the coastal waters: a wireless network of shallow water drifters”- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
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Appendix
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Network – (Legacy Network)
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Network – (Revised Network)
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Temperature SensorInterfacing Maxim DS18B20Parasitic Mode Power Supply
The DS18B20 can draw power from the DQ data line in parasitic mode without connecting VDD to the drifter system power supply.
Direct Power SupplyPower Supply Range is 3.0V to 5.5V connected
to the VDD pin.
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Power SystemsTime of Operation15 days of operation = 360 hours of operationRequired GPS fixes: 10,000Number of Fixes in 15 days: GPS fix every 2.16 min or greaterFCC rule: The average time of occupancy at any frequency must
not be larger than 0.4 seconds when using the frequency hopping spread spectrum.
Maximum current drawn per transmission/reception of all electrical components: Approximately 336mA
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Power SystemsPower supply considerations:(1)Lithium IonLithium Manganese NickelLithium PolymerNickel Cadmium (NiCad)Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)Photovoltaics
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Power SystemsLithium Ion Battery:These batteries are able to handle excessive current applications.Lithium batteries are great for long-term use. Lithium batteries also perform well in extreme temperatures.Increased life cycles over Nickel cadmium (NiCad) and Nickel Metal
Hydride (NiMH) batteries.Lithium ion batteries are also cheaper to manufacture than lithium
polymer batteries, so when cost is a factor, lithium ion is the choice.Much lower self-discharge rate than Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
batteries.Wide variety of shapes and sizes efficiently fitting the devices they
power.
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UART Test Code Part 1 of 3
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UART Test Code Part 2 of 3
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UART Test Code Part 3 of 3
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XBee Module RisksXBee-PRO XSC RF Module Risks
1If the serial interface data rate is set higher than the RF data rate of the module, the module will receive data from the host faster than it can transmit the data over-the-air.
2
If the module is receiving a continuous stream of data, monitoring data on a network, or awaiting acknowledgments for Retries functionality, any serial data that arrives on the DI pin is placed in the DI Buffer. The data in the DI buffer will be transmitted over-the-air when the module no longer detects RF data in the network.
3If the RF data rate is higher than the set interface data rate of the module, the module will receive data from the transmitting module faster than it can send the data to the host and data will be lost.
4 If the host does not allow the RF module to send data out of the DO buffer because of hardware or software flow control data will be lost
5 Care must be taken not surpass the XBee's baud rate limit of 56,700 bps or data will have a high chance of being corrupted and the drifter system could be rendered unusable
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Microcontroller RisksMSP430G2553 Microcontroller Risks
1The 16 kB flash for storing the main program may be inadequate for unaccounted complexities in the overall integration of the MSP430G2553 with other components
2 The 512 bytes of RAM may be inadequate for unaccounted data that would be beneficial or necessary to store on the MSP430G2553
3The digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is sensitive to temperature and may slow down or speed up significantly which may cause all time dependent functions like UART communications to introduce errors into data
4 The amount of pins may be inadequate to fully interface MSP430G2553 with all of the necessary components
5Since the MSP430G2553's functions are multiplexed there might be a function that is needed but cannot be used because the pin it is on is currently configured as another function. For example, if you need to use both timers but the pin with one of the timers is currently being used as a serial communication device
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GPS RisksMaestro A2100 GPS Module Risks and Manufacturer Precautions
1 The A2100-A needs an external pull-up resistor to be configured for UART operation. Please consider the pull-up resistor in your design or pull the GPIO up right after reset by other means.
2The ON_OFF input of the A2100-A needs to be connected to a push-pull output of a microprocessor. For a wake-up, including the initial one after power on, a LOW-HIGH transmission is mandatory.
3 It is recommended to connect the nRST pin of the A2100-A to an open collector / open drain output of a microprocessor!
4 It is recommended to supply Vcc continuously! Use SiRFaware or other low power modes to reduce power consumption of the module while no position information is required.
5Care must be taken to implement an orderly shut-down sequence along with supplying power for a certain period of time after initiating the shut-down sequence. Abrupt removal or drop of power while the module is running has risks ranging from minor impact on TTFF to fatal corruption of flash memory code area!
6Generally, the quality of the GPS antenna chosen (passive or active) is of paramount importance for the overall sensitivity of the GPS system. Losses through a bad antenna, long cables or tracks or a bad antenna position can’t be compensated afterwards.