project report 2 (1)

8/8/2019 Project Report 2 (1)

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT

A.V.P.T.I.

RAJKOT

CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT

MR. JETHWA KULDIPSINH A.

OF CLASS A2 (5TH SEM) , ROLL NO. 052

ENROLMENT NO. 086020311052 HAS SATISFACTORILY

COMPLETED HIS TERMWORK IN PCB DESIGNING TOOLS

(DECE) FOR THE TERM ENDING IN DECEMBER 2010.

DATE:-

SIGN OF TEACHER SIGN OF H.O.D

________________ ____________


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CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT

MR. GADHIYA SANKET H..

OF CLASS A2 (5TH

SEM) , ROLL NO. 038

ENROLMENT NO. 086020311038 HAS SATISFACTORILY

COMPLETED HIS TERMWORK IN PCB DESIGNING TOOLS

(DECE) FOR THE TERM ENDING IN DECEMBER 2010.

DATE:-

SIGN OF TEACHER SIGN OF H.O.D

________________ ____________


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INDEX

CERTIFICATEPREFACEACKNOWLEDGEMENTABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONBROAD DESCRIPTIONBLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKINGPROBLEMS FACED IN DEVELOPMENTAPPLICATIONSCONCLUSIONREFERENCES(BOOKS)BIBLIOGRAPHY(WEBSITES)


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ACKNOLEDGEMENT

The 8051 microcontrollers are emerged in early 1980s

with Harvard type of architecture. Intel, Atmel, Zilog were the main

manufacturers at that time. Intel was the first who introduced a

complete microcomputer with not only a CPU on chip, but RAM,

ROM, timers UARTS, ports and other common peripheral I/O

functions also. The field of microcontrollers and microprocessors is

developed very fastly in past three decades since Intel introduced

4-bit 4004 in 1971.

Today, we have various families of microcontrollers

like 8051, 8048, 8096 etc which gives us very large variety of

applicable uses.

To run any application based on microcontroller first it

is needed to program the microcontroller according to predefined

structure. Microcontroller will every time handles it inputs process

it and gives output according to the program stored in its ROM. So

basically before carrying out any operations with microcontroller it

is inevitable to burn the ROM inside it with the help of a program

burner. A 8051 program burner is a important device to burn the

program as well as research purposes.

EPROM and flashROM versions of 8051 have become

more popular and widely used by the industry. Here in these project

we have made a EPROM type 8051 burner with serial interface

which uses RS-232 (DB-9) cable to communicate with a computer.


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PREFACE

The 8051 based projects needs to be burned so to

have proper operation of device. In this academic project we have

prepared a 89 series programmer for the Atmel 8051ics.

Many have contributed to the successful preparation

of this project. We would like to place on record our grateful thanks

to each of them. We are able to prepare this project due to

motivation and direction provided by K.V. CHANIYARA and P.N.

RAMAVAT. Both of them has provided us efficient direction and

fault findings to prepare this project. The suggestions and

assistance provide by them has became very helpful to us. We are

also indebted to our colleagues of electronics & communication

department at A.V.Parekh Technical Institute, Rajkot.

We are hearty thankful to the H.O.D. of our dept.J.S. BAKHADA and all the faculties who have helped, inspired and

given moral support and encouragement to us.

Kuldipsinh A. Jethwa

Sanket H. Gadhiya


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ABSTRACT

This project deals with the programming aspects ofthe 8051 microcontroller ics. With the help of this program burner

we can burn any 89 series microcontroller ics provided by Atmel as

described in the subsequent portion of this report.

Here, if we take quick overview of the project it

employees many other electronics components in addition to the

firmware chip which is pre-burnt with the specific hex file. The

additional components used in this are capacitors, resistors, diodes

transistors, regulator 78L05, LM7805 Max-232 ,db-9 connector and

a D-type latch 74HC573 for multiplexing between 40 pin Zif socket

and 20-Zif socket.

For the transferring of hex file from a computer to

the 8051s ROM placed in the Zif socket of the hardware, we have

used loader program PRO-LOADER which is developed and

marketed by the sunrom technologies ltd.

The hardware requires 14v to 16v DC or 12v to 14v

AC for the proper operation which should be provided by a battery

supply arrangement or by the direct conversion of AC mains to the

appropriate ac voltages using step-down transformer. The circuitrectifies and filters it with inbuilt arrangement as briefly described

further in this report.


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INTRODUCTION

The project concerns with interfacing computerwith the hardware of program burner which is fulfilled by RS-232

cable and max-232 ic which converts the cmos logic of hardware to

the serial port logic. Here two main variants of 8051 one with 40

pin configuration and another with the 20 pin configuration can be

programmed.

As described in abstract the operational supplyvoltage for the entire circuit is provided by a voltage supply circuit

which is a external part to the circuit concerned with programming.

So, we can split the entire circuit into two functional parts

(1) Power supply circuit(2) Programming circuit

The programming circuit requires 4 different voltage

levels for the proper operation which is achieved with the help of

the power supply circuit. Thus, here the integration of both the

circuits onto a single printed circuit board is done for the sake of

simplicity.

The brief operation of both the circuits with the

block diagram and printed circuit board layout is described in the

following sections of the report.


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Theb ockd ag a o thec cu t o thep og a e is as

fo o s:-

Bothof the functiona pa ts:-(1 o e supp circuit(2 rogra ingcircuit


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TOP VIE The top vie for theco ponent la out is as describedbelo :-


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LIST OFCOMPONENTS

The list of theco ponents forprogra er is as follo s:-


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PCB LAYOUT

Thepcb la out for theprogra er is givenbelo forthe single sidedpcb

For more simplicity it canbealsoprintedonbutterpaper withaccurate laserprinter.

Thenext pagecontains thecopy on thebutterpaperforeaseofunderstanding.


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DRILLING ALIGNMENTS


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COMPONENTS DESCREPTION

The main components used in this project are asfollows we will explain each of them in detail:-

(1) Rs-232 convention :- max 232 ic and DB-9 connector(2) 74HC573:-(3) LM 7805:-(4) 78L05:-(5) Firmware chip AT89c52:-(6) Software aspects:- proloader:-(7) Bc-547 NPN transistors:-(8) Regulator zener diodes:-(9) Frequency resonator crystal:-(10) Zif sockets:-

The construction, working and description of all theabove stated components is given in the subsequent

part of this report.


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Firstly, starting with the max232 ic which is hereemployed for interfacingbetweenprogrammerand

computer.

MAX- IC The mainapplicationof the max-232 IC in this ckt is for the

conversionof the ttl logicof thecontrollerckt to theRS-232

level for the serial data transmission.

The figure shownheredescribes interfacingapplicationof the max-232.


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Normally max-232 works on the5v supply voltages andpindiagram withapplicationofeachpin is described

below.

Pindiagram:-

Description:-

Features:-


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Otherapplication:-

Pindescription:-

Recommendedoperationconditions:-


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Internal logicdiagram:-


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Physical dimension:-

Theconnection withaDB-9connector is as givenbelow:-


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RS- SPECIFICATIONSHere weused serial communication techniques

becauseof the followingadvantages:-


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General descriptionof Max-232:-

DB-9and25connector:-


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74HC573

The features andgeneral descriptionof theoctal d-type latchusedhere is as follows:-


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Pindiagram:- Logic symbol:- descriptive symbol:-

Functional diagram:-


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Pindescription:-

Recomandedoperatingconditition:-


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Packaging information forplasticdual inlinepackage:-


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REGULATORLM 7805Thepinassignment andblockdiagram areas

describedbelow:-


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Features anddescription is as givenbelow:-


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78L05

Thepindiagram and thedescriptionof thepositivevoltage regulator is as follows:-


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Electrical characteristic for Vi=16v

Electrical characteristic for Vi=14v


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General applications:-


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AT89C52 Thepinconfigurationandpackage, descriptionand features of

firmwarechip89c52areas follows.


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Pindescription:-


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Packaging information:-


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BC-547 NPN TRANSISTORS ThreeBC-547 transistors areemployed in this pro ect in the

power supply circuit. Thepinconfigurationandcharacteristic

is as shownbelow:-

Packagedimensions:-


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FREQUENCYRESONATORCRYSTAL

Theprogrammer requires aclockgeneratoraccording towhich the internal functions arecarriedout. Herea11.0592MHzcrystal is employed. Furtherdetails about thecrystal is

as follows:-

So, as describedbelow resonators aredivided into twoparts:-(1) Mechanical resonators(2) RC phase-shift Resonators


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BURNING OPERATION

After dealing with all the construction details now

lets discuss about working of the circuit. In this first of all power

supply is given with the help of the DC socket. Then the IC to be

burnt is placed in the ZIF socket & then the programmer is

connected to the computer with the help of Rs-232 cable for serial

communication of hex file.

On the computer side a specific application software

here, proloader is used. After completing the above procedures now

we have to open proloader from the computer and check whetherthe device is identified by the computer or not. If it is detected then

connected will be displayed on the screen of proloader.

After completing the above given procedures we

should select the hex file to be burnt from the appropriate menu

provided on the screen of proloader. Then click on the tab send

to transfer the selected file into the microcontroller IC placed intothe ZIF socket.

When we give the above command to the software

firstly, it optimizes the given IC then erases it for the new hex file.

Then it writes the selected hex file into the ROM of the given

microcontroller IC & then it verifies the data written in the current

session.

After successful completion of the verification

process it generates verification successful message on the

display. This means the IC is burnt properly & can be used in its

application so it is removed from the ZIF socket.


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CIRCUIT WORKING

As described in the abstract the circuit operation

can be divided into two types (1) power supply (2) programming.

Here, when 14-16v DC or 12-14v AC is provide by the

DC socket power supply generates 4 different types of the voltage

levels from it. These levels are used at different levels by the

different components. (1) VCC (2) VDD (3) VPP (4) VPC

Programming circuit consists of different

components as described in the front sections. The firmware chip

which is burnt with the specific hex file is the heart of the

programmer, it accepts the converted-received data from max-232

and then according to its own programming it sends the data to the

ZIF socket with the help of a D-type latch 74HC573 and resistor

array.

In latches when LE is low it store the data at the

input and when OE goes high it gives whatever data it has stored at

the output. It is quit suitable for the dwmultiplexing of the address-

data bus of the microcontroller which is port no.0.

So, after the data has been sent to the latch it

recoils the address specified and stats writing in the ROM locations

as guided by the firmware chip. The resistor array is put between

firmware chip and the 74HC573 to proper interfacing between both

of them.


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PROBLEM FACED DURING DEVELOPMENT

We faced many problems during development, as we

were not fully familiar with the microcontroller based equipments.

There were many occasions when we required direction and

motivation, Which was kindly provided by K.V. Chaniyara and P.N.

Ramavat .

We have faced many problems in preparing PCB layout andconvert the paper layout onto the actual copper clad PCB.

After preparing the layout on the PCB, we also faced problemsin precise soldering and fault findings due to the dry solder

After completing the total hardware based work of the projectwe also faced problems in finding the firmware hex file for the

programmer.

Total preparation of programmer lead us for the testing withcomputer and burn a microcontroller IC with proper

interfacing. It also contributed a lot difficulty to us.

But finally, after conquering all the difficulties and challengeswe are succeeded in our aim and prepared an 89series

programmer of Atmel ICs.


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APPLICATIONS

The outcome of this project has a given us a device with veryprecious application that is very useful for us in enhancing our

knowledge in the field of microcontrollers due to ease of

programming the microcontrollers.

The main application of this project is in programming amicrocontroller IC.

This project also gives flexibility to the students in repeatedlyperforming the programming about the given problem.

In spite of, carrying out fault finding onto the simulator thenew comers can become more familiar to the microcontrollers

hardware by performing repetitive programming on the same

problem and then debug the previous one.

This programmer can be used in programming any 89seriesmicrocontroller IC with EPROM and 40 0r 20 pin dual in-line

package manufactured by the Atmel.


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CONCLUSION

The task of making this project added a lot to ourknowledge of microcontroller programming. As described in the

earlier sections we are grateful to all the persons who has given

support to us in preparing this project.

In the end we want to conclude with that this programmer

will assist us in easy programming of the microcontroller ICs. The

application of this device has very large scope in the programming

aspects.

While making this project we used many sources of

information like reference books and many websites which are

displayed in the following section. Both the following pages

contains names of the reference books with their authors and the

names of the web sites.


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REFERENCES

FOLLOWING REFERENCE BOOKS CONTRIBUTEDA LOT TO US WHILE DEVELOPING THIS

PROJECT.

8051 BY MAZIDI AND MCKINLEY8051 BY KENNETH J. AYALA8051 BY MYKE PREDKOMICROCONTROLLERS BY SATISH SHAH8051 BY MOHD. MOINUL HAPROGRAMMING CONCEPTS BY JUAN DIXONPROGRAMMING BY THOMAS MULLER8051 CONCEPTS BY RICHARD C. DORFMICROCONTROLLERS BY J. BHATTACHARYA8051 BY KEITH BRINDLEY


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

FOLLOWING LINKS AND SOURCES HAVEPROVIDED VERY PRECIOUS INFORMATION TO

US.

(1) WWW.SUNROM.COM(2) WWW.ATMEL.COM(3) WWW.8051.COM(4) WWW.ROMTECHNOLOGIES.COM(5) WWW.PROGRAMMERS.COM(6) WWW.BROTHERSOFT.COM(7) WWW.SOFTSOLUTION.COM(8) WWW.MICROCONTROLLER.COM(9) WWW.MICR-APPLICATION.COM(10) WWW.ELECTORINDIA.COM(11)

WWW.ELECTRONICSBANGALORE.COM

(12) WWW.INDIANELECTRONICS.COM

project report 2 (1)

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