project revision proposal · project revision proposal project title: ... boiloch in nyirol at the...

PROJECT REVISION PROPOSAL Project Title: Sustainable Food Security through Community-Based

Livelihood Development and Water Harvesting in South Sudan - II

Former Project Code GCP/SUD/068/CAN Recipient Country Government of South Sudan Resource Partner Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada

(DFATD) Recipient Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

(FAO) Sub-contracted Organization

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

Contact Person Abdal Monium Osman, Head of Programmes, [email protected]

Total project budget including indirect support costs in US$

Initial Funding in : USD 12,362,739 Cash Received: USD 12,656,245 Interest Earned: USD 24,879 Accrued Outstanding balance: USD 5,088,089

Expected EOD 1 September 2016 Expected NTE 31 December 2018 Contribution to FAO’s Strategic Framework:

FAO’s Strategic Objective 4 (SO4): “Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems”; Outcome 2 “Agribusinesses and agro-food chains that are more inclusive and efficient are developed and implemented by the public and private sectors”. Strategic Objective (SO) 5: “Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises” Country Programme Framework (CPF) Outcome 3: “Resilience of households to food and nutrition insecurity is strengthened”

Gender Marker • G2 (a)

mailto:[email protected]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROJECT REVISION PROPOSAL ........................................................................................................................ 1

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ 2

1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 The FAO revision proposal........................................................................................................................... 4

1.3 The Situation analysis in EES and GPAA. ................................................................................................... 4

3. FAO and UNIDO past and current interventions ........................................................................................ 6

4. Project details ............................................................................................................................................ 8

4.1 Results framework ................................................................................................................................. 8

Output 1: Improved management and equitable access to water sources. .................................................... 8

Output 2: Increased food production and incomes for youth and women . .................................................. 10

5.0 Project Management ....................................................................................................................................... 15

5.1 Baseline Information .................................................................................................................................. 15

5.2 Targeted beneficiaries ......................................................................................................................... 15

5.3 Implementation modality, monitoring and evaluation ........................................................................... 16

5.4 Gender................................................................................................................................................. 16

5.5 Communication .................................................................................................................................... 16

5.6 Capacity development and sustainability ............................................................................................. 17

6. Budget in USD .............................................................................................................................................. 19

6.1. Funding breakdown ................................................................................................................................... 19

6.2 Summarised budget. .................................................................................................................................. 19

ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................................................ I Annex I: Logical Framework ............................................................................................................................ I Annex II: Risk Analysis ................................................................................................................................... V

Annex III: Detailed Budget ........................................................................................................................... VIII Annex IV: UNIDO Activity Budget ................................................................................................................... I

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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS APFS Agro-Pastoral Field School CAHW Community Animal Health Worker CAP Community Action Plan CMDRR Community-Managed Disaster Risk Reduction CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement CPF Country Programme Framework CSA Climate Smart Agriculture DFATD Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development - Canada DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EES Eastern Equatoria State EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FARM Project Food, Agribusiness and Rural Markets Project - USAID FFS Farmer Field School GAP Groups Action Plan GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GPAA Greater Pibor Administration Area GSLA Group Savings and Loans Associations HH Household ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IGA Income-Generating Activities ILO International Labour Organization IPC Integrated Food Security Phased Classification LoA Letter of Agreement NGO Non-Governmental Organization NPA Norwegian People’s Aid NRMC Natural Resources Management Committee NTFP Non-Timber Forestry Products SEAGA Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis SFLDP Sustainable Food Security through Community-Based Livelihoods Development and Water

Harvesting in Jonglei and Upper Nile SHARP Self-Evaluation and Holistic Assessment of Climate Resilience of Farmers and Pastoralists SO Strategic Objective UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development VSLA Village Savings and Loans Association YARRDSS Youth Agency for Relief, Rehabilitation and Development - South Sudan WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

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1. Introduction

1.1 Background The Sustainable Food Security Through Community-Based Livelihoods Development and Water Harvesting Project was originally a three-year project funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (Now the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development-DFATD) and executed by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). The entry on duty was 29th March 2011 with an expected to end by the 31st December 2016. The aim of the project was to contribute to community stability and sustainable improvement in food security of women, men, youth and children living in Uror and Nyirol counties of Jonglei State and the Ulang, Nasir and Panyikang; counties of Upper Nile State. The project has three components: i) water harvesting in Jonglei, ii) food production in Jonglei and Upper Nile, and iii) alternative livelihoods in Upper Nile State. The ultimate outcome of the project is improved community stability and a sustainable improvement in food security of women, men, youth and children living in Jonglei and Upper Nile, two of the most food-insecure and conflict-affected states in South Sudan. The following expected outputs link to each of the intermediate outcomes and subcomponents of this initiative: Component 1: Water harvesting in Jonglei

Output 1: Effective Community-based Natural Resource Management Committees (NRMC); Output 2: Appropriate water harvesting structures established and functional for communities in Uror and Nyirol Counties, each of these managed by a NRMC;

Component 2: Food Production in Jonglei and Upper Nile

Output 3: Target beneficiaries equipped with appropriate agricultural skills for increased production, productivity and incomes; Output 4: Young community members and vulnerable women equipped with practical knowledge on appropriate agriculture and livestock production, value-addition and marketing techniques;

Component 3: Alternative Livelihoods in Upper Nile

Output 5: Target groups equipped with Practical and business skills that enable their participation in farm and non-farm manufacturing and microenterprises; Output 6: Appropriate and proven Community-based small grants and credit and saving schemes for microenterprises introduced.

Under this project, FAO had worked with Youth Agency for Relief, Rehabilitation and Development - South Sudan (YARDSS) (a local Non-governmental Organization [NGO]) on implementation of village savings and loans association (VSLA) and with Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA) for the small grant management component. Regarding support to small grants recipients, disbursement was made to three small grant groups (namely Mirr Sorghum Production Group, Kondia Fisheries Group and Mat Sorghum Marketing Group in Upper Nile State) until the end of 2013. Encouraging results were achieved by small grant recipients in Panyikang County. All the small grant agreements were terminated in the first quarter of 2014 as a result of the conflict. The small grant management capacity support was completed before end of 2013 and the LoA with NPA was closed early 2014. The water harvesting component of the project was not fully achieved because of the civil unrest of 2013. One Hafir was completed, and a second one partially done and two others were never completed. With regard to the water harvesting component, it was at the end of 2012 that FAO signed contract with China New Era Group Company for construction of four hafirs in Uror and Nyirol counties. The contractor mobilized machinery and personnel in February 2013. Construction of two hafirs started in February 2013 (Pul Kaar in Uror completed and

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Boiloch in Nyirol at the final stage). The construction of the remaining two hafirs (Pul Nyanyaka in Uror and Pul Buow in Nyirol) did not start in 2013 due to the short construction period as a result of early onset of 2013 rains. The conflict which broke out on 15 December 2013 in South Sudan caused major challenges to the project. The completion of hafir construction scheduled for 2014 was completely suspended due to insecurity and inaccessibility of the sites. Both Hafirs (Pul Kaar in Uror and Boiloch in Nyirol) are reportedly being used by the community for livestock and domestic use during the crisis. Due to lack of improvement in the overall stability of the Hafir intervention areas, the contract with the China New Era Group was cancelled in August 2015 because of force majeure. FAO and the contractor will undertake a project verification exercise once the prevailing security conditions improve. 1.2 The FAO revision proposal. Since the outbreak of the conflict, the security situation in the project area has not improved, hence the request by FAO to move the project to Greater Pibor Administrative Area (GPAA) formerly part of Jonglei State and the Eastern Equatoria state (EES). This region faces similar challenges as in Jonglei and Upper Nile before the December 2013 conflict. Similar challenges faced by communities in GPAA and EES as our previous project areas include:

• Food and income insecurity as a result of low level of productivity and conflict arising from cattle raiding and constrained access to dry season water sources.

• Youth as main force of aggravating conflicts (in all politically motivated, culturally perpetuated or in resource based conflicts) as they have limited livelihood options.

• Women as main actors in households (HHs) food security and taking the heavier burden of conflicts and responsibility for household income and food security.

• Seasonal migration of livestock due to scarce water resources, etc.

In addition, the proposed areas of operation have reached an adequate level of stability for project implementation. Following the establishment of the GPAA in May 2014, there is a relative stability while peace dividends have been limited to encourage and motivate communities to sustain peace and recovery. Using experiences and lessons learn from the current project and other European Union-funded projects being implemented in Greater Bahr el-Ghazal and Abyei region, FAO and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) would like to focus on three components in the new target area. These shall be:

• Reduced water-related conflict incidents disrupting food security among target communities in GPAA and EES. • Increased food production and incomes for youth and women in GPAA and EES. • Diversified and increased incomes among targeted households in GPAA and EES.

1.3 The Situation analysis in EES and GPAA. The Kapoeta sub-region and GPAA, except for parts of Pochalla and Boma, constitute the eastern semi-arid Agropastoral livelihood zone of south Sudan. This zone is a vast plain that stretches towards the foothills of the mountain ranges near the Ethiopian border. The zone falls in the same belt with southern Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti and northern Kenya, sharing similar harsh environmental conditions of low, sporadic and variable rainfall. Under such conditions the communities are predominantly pastoralists but also practice some crop production, mainly sorghum, okra and other vegetables.

The other parts of EES, and Boma and Pochalla in GPAA fall under diverse agro-ecological and livelihood zones that include hills and mountains, green belt and eastern flood plains. The mix agro-ecological feature provides opportunities for various livelihood activities and potentials for diversification in agriculture, livestock and natural resource based enterprise development. It is evident that the level of adoption of various livelihood strategies that range from crop production, livestock production, fisheries and trade in the area is low, thus leading to recurrent chronic food insecurity and disposal of household assets in exchange for food.

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The GPAA was established in May 2014 after the South Sudanese Government and the South Sudan Democratic Movement signed a peace agreement. This agreement put to an end a four-year rebellion by the predominantly Murle people of Pibor against the state government of Jonglei. The area had not benefited from the dividends of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of 2005 that resulted in the total independence of South Sudan. Poor accessibility and underinvestment in GPAA have led to scarcity or complete unavailability of basic services. Roads, schools, health and WASH facilities are underdeveloped. During the period of unrest in the area from 2010 to 2014, the few existing facilities including schools and healthcare, were targeted and destroyed. The four years of the rebellion resulted in increased insecurity levels, cattle raiding and lack of humanitarian and developmental interventions in an already neglected area of South Sudan. In Kapoeta, the majority Toposa people are predominately pastoralists, but those living in the northern and south-eastern border counties are farmers. This difference in livelihood base has on many occasions led to conflicts between the communities.

The communities in both EES and GPAA are facing chronic food insecurity and increased insecurity due to intra- and intertribal conflicts associated with cattle raiding, access to diminishing natural resources such as water and pasture and low-level of agriculture and livestock productivity. In recent years, increase in insecurity, frequency and intensity of droughts and cattle raiding has distorted traditional pastoralist movement and migratory routes, exposing livestock to diseases that did not exist in the area before and resulting in high numbers of livestock deaths.

The interactions between insecurity, intra- and intertribal conflicts, lack of alternative livelihood options, low levels of literacy and numeracy, poor roads and health facilities further expose communities to recurrent shocks. The poor state of infrastructure such as roads and public health institutions makes it difficult for humanitarian organizations to reach affected communities and provide support. Lack of investment in these basic services, such as education and health, has led to a population that has high rates of illiteracy, innumeracy, unemployment and malnutrition.

Within this context of food insecurity, ethnic polarization and conflicts as a result of competition on water and pasture, limited livelihood options, economic devastation and poor governance in the area, enhancing food and nutrition security of the affected communities and to build their resilience is paramount. The availability and flexibility of livelihoods options, as a determining factor of resilience in this region implies both increase in agriculture and livestock production and productivity and availing alternative livelihoods options with special focus on youth and women. Youth are the main players in conflicts as a result of lack of livelihood options and women tend to suffer more as they are left exposed to the effects of such activities.

Improved community stability and a sustainable improvement in food security of women, men, youth and children living in GPAA and Kapoeta area can be achieved by equipping households with appropriate agricultural and livestock skills for increased production, productivity and incomes, and through creating new livelihood opportunities to increase household income of different communities. Sustainable improvement of incomes for producers and breeders goes through their active participation in value added profit that is generated at different levels of the production chain (involvement in sale of seeds and inputs, involvement in commercial and agro processing value-added activities). The process takes time but must be initiated step by step (introduction of small scale commercial and agro processing activities, introduction of small technologies for food agro processing , build capacities of stakeholders, gradually move to semi-industrial and finally industrial technologies). Whenever the small scale producers are not yet done in terms of technical and financial capabilities, support should be oriented towards mechanisms that offer the women and youth opportunities for bulking their production and connect with medium and large scale actors rather than undergo the unfair law dictated by speculative middlemen. The project will therefore aim to addresses

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FAO’s Strategic Objective 4 (SO4): “Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems”; Outcome 2 “Agribusinesses and agro-food chains that are more inclusive and efficient are developed and implemented by the public and private sectors”. FAO’s SO 5: “Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises” and CPF Outcome 3: “Resilience of households to food and nutrition insecurity is strengthened”.

2. Rationale The majority of households in EES and GPAA depend on sorghum, maize and cassava, livestock, fishery and wild foods as their main food sources. Previous value chain market analysis mentioned Sesame as a strategic new cash crop for export. The frequency and intensity of droughts has been increasing in recent years forcing agro-pastoralist to travel longer distances to look for pasture and water for their livestock. This has resulted in fights over these natural resources. Contacts with livestock from other areas have also brought new disease patterns resulting in huge losses. Similarly crop failure of traditional crops like sorghum has been on the rise. Furthermore, market development is at a standstill due to insecurity and poor state of roads in some areas especially in GPAA.

Given normal rainfall which ranges between 600-900 mm in an average year, relative peace and stability, this area has a potential to produce enough food for the local population. In order to achieve these potential, agriculture and livestock productivity and other income generation options for the rural poor should be increased and alternative livelihood option based on natural resources available in their areas.

Lower productivity of agriculture including livestock in GPAA and EES area are mainly as a result of traditional production systems that are currently challenged with changing climatic situations. Best Management Practices of Agriculture, including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) for technologies that can adapt to the changing situations need to be promoted to increase agriculture productivity at household and build resilience at community levels.

There is great potential for fishery as food and nutritional security and income-generating sources in parts of GPAA (Pochalla) and EES (Ikotos/Gula, Torit and Lofan areas) but fisher folks lack access to basic fishing gears, processing, storage and market infrastructures. High post-harvest losses, which are estimated at 40 to 50 percent of the total catch, women being the major processors and marketers of fish, there capacity to generate income from marketing of fishery activities has been undermined. The high post-harvest loss is a result of using rudimentary fishing tools and lack of skills and knowledge in fish processing and absence of cold chain.

3. FAO and UNIDO past and current interventions

FAO’s work is aimed at eradicating hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition, at eliminating poverty and at sustainably managing and utilizing natural resources. In order to achieve these goals, the Organization’s contributes to the following strategic objectives: i) help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition ii) Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable iii) Reduce rural poverty iv) Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems and v) Increase the resilience of livelihoods to disasters.

FAO’s footprints in EES and GPAA have been on a range of programmes and projects prior to and after the CPA periods. In EES, FAO interventions aimed at supporting food production and income generation to improve food security status and income of vulnerable communities whose food security and livelihoods have been eroded due to drought and/or conflicts. The key activities carried out in these areas by FAO included provision of seeds and tools to vulnerable HHs, promoting vegetable production, support to animal health services, and promoting sustainable natural resource management.

Since March 2013, FAO South Sudan has been implementing a project entitled; “Food security through commercialization of agricultural sector in marginalized areas in Kenya and South Sudan under the CAADP

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framework, with focus on women and youth” –GTFS/RAF/391/ITA. The project areas are Kapoeta, Torit and Magwi. The project which is funded by the Italian Cooperation has two components i) crops production and commercialization, ii) livestock value addition. The first component aims to improve the incomes of targeted households through tactical support to i) the modernization of sorghum, cassava and sesame production and ii) the organization of producers into agribusiness oriented cooperatives. The project approach is based on the promotion of pro-poor inclusive participation of small scale entrepreneurship; special attention being paid to interventions that contribute to employment generation, facilitate and empower women, youth, and the economically disadvantaged low income population and marginal groups to engage in enterprise activities along the selected value chains. The project will be able to deliver i) a model of PPP for management and ii) a pilot model for establishment of business oriented cooperatives whose members have sufficient technical capacities to take over the operations related to the bulked commercialization.

In GPAA, FAO has been providing support in terms of livelihood and food security inputs to vulnerable communities. Items provided included crop and vegetable seed, hand tools, treadle pumps, ox-plough kits, fishing equipment, among others. In both areas, these short-term response have helped enable vulnerable households produce own food for survival but limited impact on capacity communities to addressing long-term problem of chronic vulnerability and eroded livelihoods. The proposed project will build on past and on-going efforts towards building communities livelihood resilience and food security.

UNIDO has long experience of implementing agro-value chain development projects in partnership with FAO, (GIZ) and other stakeholders in South Sudan, Sudan and other least developed countries. The UNIDO approach on implementing vocational and life skills training for the youth and women groups using mobile approach has proved to be successful and cost-effective in post-conflict situations where literacy level of the target beneficiaries are very low and basic infrastructure is absent for formal vocational and technical education. Over the lifetime of five years (2014-2019), the Canada DFATD-funded project “Upgrading the Fishery Sector in South Sudan” implemented by UNIDO aims at increasing food security of children, men and women in targeted regions of South Sudan. At present, these include the cities and communities of Juba, Terekeka, Gemaiza, Mangalla, and Pageri, which are located in Central and Eastern Equatoria States.

The project intends to achieve its ultimate outcome through the following three intermediate outcomes:

1. Increased quantity of both fresh fish, as well as fish products produced by fisher folk, is available for consumption in targeted states;

2. Increased small-scale business development related to the fishery sector by women in selected fishing communities; and

3. Improved fish resource management and delivery of services to the fishery sector by targeted institutions. The successful partnerships with UNIDO in the Upper Nile could be replicated in GPAA and EES. At community level, FAO will employ some of its proven approaches and expertise in farmer field schools (FFS) and gender mainstreaming in agriculture to empower communities. In addition FAO’s expertise in climate smart agriculture (CSA), the Organization will be important in promotion of practices like production of drought-tolerant crops, community seed systems and conservation agriculture. Other previous work in cash transfers, supported agro-processing, sustainable low cost water solutions, rural finance through VSLAs will go a long way towards addressing alternative livelihood opportunities and peace building. Since the peace agreement in 2014, FAO has supported GPAA with emergency livelihood interventions through implementing partners on the ground. The Project proposal will take advantage of on best practices and tools developed through similar regional projects

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aiming at promoting agribusiness, agro-industries and targeting overall value chain development and institutional building.

These projects are: TCP/SFE/3403 - Support to farmer organizations in institutional strengthening for enhanced agribusiness skills on

Agricultural modernization in Eastern Africa;

GTFS/UGA/022/ITA Promotion of commercialization of agriculture among resettling populations in Gulu and Lira districts of northern Uganda to restore livelihoods and reduce poverty;

GTFS/ETH/067/ITA - Crop Diversification and Marketing Development Project in Ethiopia;

OSRO/SOM/007/UK - Value chains and productive sectors in Somaliland and Central Somalia;

OSRO/SOM/125/EC - Support to Agricultural Markets in Somalia;

TCP/RAF/3301 - Support to capacity building to promote formal marketing and trade of livestock and livestock products from the Horn of Africa;

TCP/RAF/3308 - Support to capacity building to promote formal marketing and trade of fish and fish products from and within the Horn of Africa;

4. Project details 4.1 Results framework This project combines efforts to reduce conflict resulting from lack of water and increase in agriculture productivity and livelihood diversification targeting a total of 8 000 HHs (approximately 48 000 women and youths) from the different communities and groups in EES and GPAA. The project will contribute to “improved food security and income of target communities by increasing household agricultural production capacity and creating further opportunities for youth and women to contribute to household welfare as well as addressing water scarcity in the area.

The outcome of the project is a strengthened resilience of communities in EES and GPAA to drought and other shocks. This will be achieved through the three following outputs:

Output 1: Improved management and equitable access to water sources for livelihoods within target communities in EES and GPAA.

Output 2: Increased food production and incomes for youth and women in EES and GPAA

Output 3: Diversified and increased livelihoods among targeted households in EES and GPAA In order to achieve the above outputs, the project will carry out the activities as follows.

Output 1: Improved management and equitable access to water sources. Under output 1, FAO will address conflicts due to seasonal water scarcity that results in low productivity of both agriculture and livestock in the greater Kapoeta and Pibor areas. Focusing on agro-pastoral livelihoods and availability of water the project will conduct a literature review, desktop research and stakeholder consultations on community resilience against natural disasters such as drought, famine and el Niño. Through this rapid study an understanding of the peak demands for water in correlation to the livestock population in the study area will be investigated. A stock taking of available water supply options for pastoralists available in the region will be enumerated and specific low-cost interventions for the study area proposed. JICA supported the development of the Irrigation Development Master Plan Progress Report (IDMP) for South Sudan in 2013, UNDP and UNICEF supported the EE State in developing a Water Strategic Plan in 2014. A review of the groundwater maps

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produced by UNESCO under the International Hydrology Programme (IHP) and International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC) will also be inferred to. The outputs of the study will prioritize and recommend appropriate low-cost water development options such as run-off /rainwater water harvesting, existing water point rehabilitation, pipeline extensions and gravity fed systems. Potential areas for irrigation along the River Nile will be explored for both vegetable and crop production. In recognition of low unemployment opportunities in EES and GPAA, the establishment and training of community based local drillers and area pump minders as a form of employment are proposed. The project will train the artisans and pump minders to construct/rehabilitate low cost water points like shallow wells, boreholes fitted with hand pumps and small earth dams for human and livestock watering troughs using joint communal approaches. This will be done in areas where water scarcity has been the major limiting factor for agricultural production,since underground water levels are above 15m depth. Payams that have chronic water scarcity for their livelihood activities , crop and humans will be identified in greater Kapoeta and Ikotos areas of EES. In the drier areas of Kapoeta and Pibor, the study will recommend for the drilling of at least six deep boreholes (it hereby proposed that two in Kapoeta, three in GPAA and one in Torit). Upon successful completion of these appropriate interventions, gender sensitive water management committees and natural resource committee will be formed for management and maintenance of these facilities. Where possible, affordable user fees arrived at a consensus based on the CMDRR may be charged. The revenues collected will be used to pay repairs and maintenance of the boreholes.

Site specific hydrogeological surveys will be done to assess the availability of finding the required quantity and quality of water for various purposes prior to drilling boreholes. This will be corroborated by a feasibility assessment for underground water to minimise on the borehole failure rates. Previous hydrogeological studies conducted by UNICEF, ICRC, Oxfam and other partners in the region will be collaborated for efficient and accurate siting of the shallow wells. Based on the hydro-geological survey results, the project will contract companies that will drill deep well and construct small earth dams/water pans in areas identified. The six water points will also serve as demonstration centres for domestic use, watering livestock and ox-plough technology. Upon the determination of the borehole yield, the project will equip the boreholes with solar pumps in order to support extension pipelines for multiple uses of water such as vegetable and crop irrigation, other livelihood activities and stand pipes for domestic use. To facilitate faster procurement processes for deep borehole drilling, FAO intends to take advantage of the UN-UN country agreements to use pre-qualified contractors or the latest bid evaluations under UNICEF WASH projects in EES and GPAA in order to save time and improve on efficiency. UNICEF is the global cluster lead on water and sanitation. This project will also conduct awareness creation, sensitization and targeted training of the Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR) approach. This is a process of bringing people together within the same community to enable them to collectively address a common disaster risk and collectively pursue common disaster risk reduction measures. The use of CMDRR tools will support the analysis of hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities of the beneficiary communities. In recognition of the possible effects of both drought and el Niño flooding in EES, FAO will facilitate CMDRR training of partners, local leaders, faith-based organizations and other community stakeholders in developing community action plans (CAPs) as a way of building resilience to drought and food insecurity. The process will entail supporting communities in EES and GPAA to come up with hazard classification, community and capacity assessment. The end result of this process will be CAPs to fill the identified capacity gaps, including contingency and development plans, designed and implemented by community members.

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The project envisages that CMDRR training will translate to the building capacities for communities, for instance through disaster risk reduction forums, early warning committees, agro-pastoral committees, peace committees, savings groups and others. Through CMDRR training, the communities in EES and GPAA will be appraised to conduct regular monthly meetings to review progress on construction, rehabilitation and management of water structures. The CMDRR groups formed in those areas will be involved in monitoring work progress, provide support and facilitation to the companies on the ground and eventually manage the water points sustainably. A regional tour will be organized in the neighbouring countries (Lokichogio in Kenya and Moroto in Uganda) for selected members of the CMDRR groups to gain experience and learn about pastures and natural resource management from communities that have similar agro-ecological and socio-economic contexts.

The overall activities under this output are outlined here below:-

1.1 Undertake an literature review and rapid assessment of agropastoral production and water interaction. Application of research findings in the design of water access for the communities .

1.2 Conducting training of partners and local leaders on the CMDRR process in Greater Kapoeta and Pibor (as part of resilience building).

1.3 Form and train Natural Resources Management Committees (NRMC) for regular community dialogue on natural resources and conflict resolution (focussing on the water component).

1.4. Conduct a regional tour for NRMC exchange visits to Kenya and/or Uganda

1.5. Conduct training for construction and/or rehabilitation of low cost water points

1.6. Undertake a water feasibility assessment and environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the selected deep borehole drilling sites.

1.7 Carry out drilling of six deep well community water points

1.9 Determine the multiple purposes of water and design appropriate pipeline extensions.

1.10 Establish and train community water point committees for sustainability management.

Output 2: Increased food production and incomes for youth and women . Resilience and peace building activities can be easily attained if the focus is on cross border food production and income generation activities. The successes could be harnessed more if there is total involvement of women (70%) and youth(30%) who, in time of conflicts, become the main victims who bear the full brunt of war. Taking into account the agricultural potential of the different project areas and development of appropriate water sources under output one above, the project will develop the capacity of target beneficiaries (in terms of skills and human capacity building) to improve agricultural production and income through skills and knowledge transfer, and adoption of appropriate agriculture technologies.

To equip target beneficiaries with skills and knowledge required to increase productivity and business oriented activities, a rapid assessment of existing farmer and agropastoral groups as well as local actors involved in agribusiness will be conducted (community consultations). Existing farmer groups will be used as an extension delivery vehicle to introduce improved practices and new technologies in vegetable production, community based seed production and bulking, fodder crops and drought tolerant varieties. Emphasis will be placed on the groups with a good blend of youth and women participation. Agricultural and natural resource commodities that will be promoted will be identified and prioritised. in order to select promising agricultural and natural resource commodities that can improve household incomes. Focus will be placed on potential non-farm local commodities

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such as Lulu trees and Gum Arabica. The immediate result will be a medium term development program for promising non-farm based value chains. Youth and women’s groups will be trained in selected income-generating activities (IGAs) associated to the identified value chains. Specific attention will be focussed on the counties of Pibor, Ikotos, Pageri, Torit and Lopa/Lafon areas which are prone to insecurity, drought and flooding hazards.

Group facilitators will be identified and trained to acquire facilitation skills for farmer groups that would increase production, productivity and incomes. The identified farmer groups will be provided with inputs and tools that will enable them demonstrate various agricultural practices. The project will support for the first time in South Sudan the production of vegetable seed that is open pollinated in Pageri and Magwi areas of EES. In order to justify this intervention, a scoping study on the types of local vegetables, uptake, demand, seed sources and utilization will be in cooperated in the community consultations. GIZ conducted a similar study in the area a few years ago, thus the rapid assessment will be a validation of the GIZ study. The project will build upon FAO’s past experiences with seed multiplication groups in Magwi County and commercialization of agricultural production under both the USAID-funded FARM Project and FAO’s support to producer cooperatives in the region. Collaboration with SNV-Netherlands, AFH, SSOPO, Caritas Swiss, Caritas Czech and other organizations in the region undertaking market linkages and post-harvest management will be explored. The recommendations from the review of the value chain analysis study will inform the design of various refresher training on IGAs, such as vegetable seed production, post-harvest technology and marketing.

There is great potential for fisheries as an IGA in parts of EES (Pageri/Fula, Torit, Lopa/Lafon areas) and GPAA (Pochalla). This proposal takes cognizance of the on-going DFATD support to fisheries development in Central Equatoria that is being implemented by UNIDO. In order to expand these interventions to Eastern Equatoria, the project will target fishing groups along river Nile, river Kinaite and other areas with training on fish handling, processing and marketing and support them with fishing equipment. The main strategy here is to support business oriented groups through two kinds of support; firstly skills development in business establishment and management, and secondly financial support for capital investment and equipment. The communities currently lack access to basic fisheries gear and the project will facilitate access to fishing equipment such as ready-made gill nets, twine, hooks, mending needles, floats, lead rope and monofilament through provision of livelihood fishing kits. High post-harvest loss estimated up to 40 percent undermine the capacity for households to generate income from marketing of fisheries activities. The high post-harvest loss is as a result of using rudimentary fishing tools and lack of skills and knowledge in fish processing. It is reported that in Pochala, most of the fishing is done by use of a spear and this basically does not deliver market quality fish. In addition to providing appropriate fishing equipment, the project will introduce appropriate fish preservation practices by training fishing groups (SMEs) on improved fish smoking techniques through use of simple, cheap and locally available inputs. The ultimate result will be the facilitation of fishing groups into legally recognized and well-functioning market key actors and structure them into social enterprises, aimed also at enhancing livelihood aspects at members’ household level to promote social capital. The list of activities under this output is outlined as follows: 2.1 Carry out a rapid assessment of existing organized farmers’ groups such as FFS and SMEs involved in agribusiness in the region.

2.2 Training of farmer groups on crop diversity in order to formulate business plans and provide appropriate extension support.

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2.3 Promotion of the uptake of short-term drought tolerant varieties through on-farm trials and group demonstration.

2.4 Procurement of foundation seeds, tools and other inputs to at least 50 common interest groups

2.5 Support to existing fisheries groups through training and demonstration, particularly in Pibor and/or Pochalla.

2.6 Training fisheries groups in Pibor and/or Pochalla on processing, value addition and marketing.

2.7 Procurement of fishing gear for Pibor and/or Pochalla.

2.8 Procurement of simple fish processing and storage equipment for Pibor and/or Pochalla.

Output 3: Diversified and increased livelihoods among targeted households.

EES and GPAA are geographically suited for cross border trade and knowledge sharing on livelihood interventions. Under this output, the project will maximize the effectiveness of women and youth livelihood strategies and create employment opportunities to enable them to contribute to the welfare of the household. Selected youth and women will be trained in selected enterprises (such as seeds multiplication, inputs selling like fertilizers, , ox plough investment). The project will also support brokering of production, transport services of the production, basic repair and maintenance of tools and machinery, agro processing activities in general, processing of Shea butter/ Gum arabica and sustainable charcoal production that will enable them increase HH income. To achieve diversified and increased incomes among targeted households it is proposed that business incubation centres be provided for, as part of the six demonstration centres of excellence outlined in Outcome 1 and 2 above. Drawing lessons from food commercialization projects for small scale producers in East Africa, various on job training in form of coaching will be developed on the following main topics namely i) technical good practices for “farming as business”, ii) small scale agri-business establishment and management, iii) financial management,, iv) marketing, v) networking. The objective is to provide coaching for start-up and established small enterprises targeting mostly youth and women who wish to establish business but are constrained by way of capital and technology. The groups will be supported to develop medium term business plans, official registration, group constitution, leadership/management structures and marketing strategy.

Value addition will require adequate facilities and infrastructure are in place to ensure quality processing and handling by agro-pastoralist communities. To support infrastructure development required for marketing agriculture production, the project will support the establishment of , fish market establishment in Ikotos, Grain storage silos and communal seed dryer in Magwi areas and Shea butter/Gum Arabica processing in Pibor. To support the development of farm and off-farm activities supported by the project, access to financial services is critical. This proposal will endeavour to alleviate the scarce presence of microfinance organizations in the project areas by promoting saving and loan associations and providing one off small grants to selected target groups. VSLAs in rural areas and GSLAs in semi-urban areas are financial mechanisms that enable a common interest group of people who pool their money into a fund from which members can borrow. The regular savings contributions to the group are deposited with an end date in mind for distribution of all or part of the total funds (including interest earnings) to the individual members to meet their small, short-term financial needs for IGAs, social obligations and emergencies without having to borrow from a money lender, take an expensive supplier advance, or rely on their relatives. This offers a tremendous boost to social security.

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This project will identify existing viable economic entities in form of associations and cooperatives in order to avail the women and youths opportunities to participate fully in different value added activities along the chain of production, commercialization and agro processing. The involvement of producers in value chain activities through shareholding system allows a quick constitution of capital and linkage with various Micro-finance institutions (MFI). It will also incorporate skills training and public private partnerships for better market access and incomes.

Women and youths groups that are engaged in various enterprises will be identified and provided with technical assistance and coaching to carry professionally their business. It is also planned to introduce some improved tools and fabricated machinery for drilling, ploughing, threshing, milling and storage to promote mechanization, reduce drudgery and minimize post-harvest losses. Artisans and service providers will be trained by UNIDO on fabrication of improved farming and storage structures. A skills training on basic repair and maintenance of tools and machinery developed by UNIDO in Upper Nile and EE will be adopted.

To promote sustainable utilization of NTFPs, the project will target youth and women members of the community in Kapoeta, Lopa/Lafon and Ikotos of EES and GPAA on Gum arabica production and marketing. The Gum belt in South Sudan cuts across the country and on east of the Nile, it stretches from EES in the southwest through the states of Jonglei and Upper Nile. The project will train and support groups to increase the production, harvesting and marketing of Gum Africa. There is a great potential for Gum arabica production and marketing in EES and GPAA as there are wide-spread and untapped acacia trees across the two states. This is exemplified in the Gum arabica value chain study conducted by SNV-Netherlands for FAO in 2009 focusing on three states namely; Upper Nile State (UNS), North Bar El Ghazal State (NBEGS) and Eastern Equatoria State (EES). A more detailed resource assessment and mapping study supported by FAO was undertaken in May 2010 and a probability map showing gum resources of Southern Sudan was also produced. The project will advocate for the the use of fuel-efficient charcoal stoves and appropriate charcoal production techniques. This is aiming at reducing the environmental impact of felling trees indiscriminately and use of inefficient methods of charcoal making. Cognizant of the fact that the uptake of draft power technology is low in the project area, a literature review -scoping study on the use of animal draft and traction power in EES and GPAA has been planned for under this proposal. This will broaden the understanding on the use, perceptions, challenges and opportunities on the uptake of animal draft and traction power technologies in Eastern Equatoria and GPAA. The objective is to gain an entry point for training and capacity support to the existing ox-plough/draft animals’ enterprises. Five ox-plough demonstration and training centres will be developed with the aim of promoting adoption for livelihoods support. Furthermore communal vegetable project based on a balanced food basket will be piloted at the demonstration centres. The balance food basket will be composed of beans, pulses, kales, tomatoes, amaranths, okra and onions. To enable agropastoralists and farmers command a collective voice and aggregated demand, the project will strengthen existing agro-pastoralist organizations such as cooperatives and associations and facilitate the formation of new ones. Training of marketing groups, cooperatives members and agro-pastoralist leaders on cooperative development and management is in plan to ensure local institutions are strong and sustainable. From FAO’s own experience in Upper Nile State and NPA’s work on small grant management in EES and Jonglei States, the project intends to support groups with small grants to assist them expand their enterprises and income generating activities. Depending on the presence of county development or loan committees, beneficiary groups will be identified in Torit, Magwe, Pochalla and Pibor areas based on an agreed criteria. The groups will be facilitated to develop a group action plans (GAPs) on the enterprise they are engaged in. The GAPs will take in to considerations group’s own resource mobilization for various activities planned and the gap

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will be filled through the small grant. To ensure sustainability, the project will identify a mechanism in consultation with the county loan or development committees to make the small grants revolving grants.

The detailed activities under this output are the following:

3.1 Select women, youth members and any other stakeholders of the community involved in the small-scale IGAs (agro-processing) based-enterprise.

3.2 Provide technical assistance to actors involved in IGAs based activities to establish professionally into business.

3.3 Support the establishment of business incubation centres:-

3.3.1 Support promotion of ox-plough technology through five demonstration centres

3.3.2 Train selected community members in sustainable utilization of NTFPs (Shea butter / Gum arabica)

3.3.3 Training of local artisans on repair and maintenance of farm inputs tools and equipment such as ox-ploughs, fishing equipment, etc.

3.3.4 Development of a fish market centres in Pibor and Pochalla.

3.3.5 Procure and fabricate grain storage metal silos and other low cost storage systems.

3.3.6 Procure and fabricate Shea butter/Gum Arabica processing equipment.

3.4. Support establishment of producer groups/ agro-processing/ grain marketing groups/cooperatives

3.5 Support marketing strategies (market penetration, product development and diversification) for the beneficiaries to attain a good level of autonomy and human capacities for business development.

3.5.1 Initiate private market linkages between SMEs, producer cooperatives and buyers so as to ensure both a stable and profitable outlet market.

3.5.2 Facilitate the network of cooperatives for value addition and marketing of staple food surpluses.

3.6 Establish a small grants mechanism at county level targeting producers, SMEs and marketing associations.

4.2 Strategic Partnership with UNIDO

UNIDO is the specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes industrial development for poverty reduction, inclusive globalization and environmental sustainability. UNIDO’s mandate is fully recognized in SDG-9, which calls to “Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”. The relevance of inclusive and sustainable industrial development is the comparative advantage of UNIDO. Accordingly, the Organization’s programmatic focus is structured in three thematic priorities, namely;

a. Creating shared prosperity b. Advancing economic competitiveness c. Safeguarding the environment

UNIDO has also substantially increased its mobilization of financial resources, testifying to the growing international recognition of the Organization as an effective provider of catalytic industrial development services. During the past partnership with FAO in the Upper Nile, UNIDO in collaboration with the Ministry of Labour and Public Services (MoLPS) conducted a needs assessment for practical skills required by target groups in order to respond to labour market demands and generate income. The identified need for skills related to the manufacturing and maintenance of agricultural tools, food processing and value addition, mechanics, carpentry,

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bakeries, tailoring, as well as basic management skills for rural enterprises were addressed though an adopted curriculum for South Sudan. The strategic partnership between FAO and UNIDO proposed herein aim at developing interventions that enable target beneficiaries to increase their participation in farm and off-farm employment, contributing to their resilience to food insecurity. Interventions in this area will be centred on the water and fisheries value chains as well as support to IGA enterprises through groups savings and loans associations. Under the renewed collaboration, a proposed budget of USD 1,000,050 will be allocated to UNIDO under a UN-UN agreement to undertake the following:-

• Identification and selection of 15 IGA enterprises groups • Technical assistance to IGAs and business approaches • Development/Upgrading of a fish market centre in Pibor/Pochala • Support marketing strategies for business development • Transportation of inputs • Setting up of 5 Business incubation centres/centres of demonstration in Ikotos, Magwi, Torit, Kapoeta and Pibor • Training for construction /rehabilitation of water points • Training 200 community members in sustainable utilization of NTFPs • Training of 50 local artisans on repair and maintenance of farm inputs tools and equipment • Procure and fabricate 100 units of different size grain storage metal silos • Procure and introduce hermetic storage bags • Procurement of fish processing and storage bags • Procure and fabricate Shea butter/Gum Arabica processing equipment

5.0 Project Management 5.1 Baseline Information FAO has pioneered the Resilience Index and Measurement Analysis (RIMA) that is effective in assessing the resilience levels of communities and households over time. Through the use of RIMA, a baseline survey of the participating households will be undertaken, to be followed by a mid-project. These will contribute to the final evaluation of the project. The RIMA tool will supplement the literature review by making use of available data sources such as the CFSAM, FSNMS, IPC, Nutrition surveys, Market prices assessments and the Resilience context analysis. This tool will inform future funding opportunities as well as the design of the impact monitoring tool for the FAO’s work in EES and GPAA.

5.2 Targeted beneficiaries

Under the access to water resources component articulated in Outcome 1, the project will aim to engage communities in arid and semi-arid areas of Greater Kapoeta and Ikotos in EES and Pibor. Outcome 2 will be concentrated around Pageri and Magwi areas. At the community and household levels, the project will engage individuals and households for the different interventions, focusing mainly on youth and women for Outcome 2 and 3 in GPAA and EES. The number of direct beneficiaries who will benefit from the different components of the project is estimated at 8 000 HHs (approximately 48 000 women and youths). Through this project, market linkages will explored with Juba city as a way of promoting commercialization. This will eventually lead to a higher number of beneficiaries than the figures stipulated above.

In the long term, with improved access to water resources, food security and income, indirect benefits are expected to go beyond the time frame and geographic coverage of the project. It is expected that improvements to long-term livelihood options will be realized, either through the opportunity to access alternative education systems or formal school or through the practical application of skills and methods learned.

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5.3 Implementation modality, monitoring and evaluation

The project will be managed through FAO’s field office in Torit. Activities in GPAA and EES will be carried out through agreements with implementing partners in the field. FAO’s will maintain the responsibility of the project and provide management, coordination, monitor implementation, budget expenditure and reporting as well as providing technical expertise in livestock, fisheries, agriculture and natural resource management. FAO will establish a cost-benefit assessment of whether to set up a field office in Pibor or continue with the assistance from the Torit office. This will be informed by among many other things, the security situation, on-going and planned projects in the area and FAO’s long term intervention in the area.

All activities will ensure and secure a strong involvement of the beneficiaries in every step of implementation. Letters of Agreement will be signed between FAO and regional or local government offices and/or Implementing Agencies. These agreements will consist of a detailed description of activities, implementation plans and budgets by major cost item and include roles and responsibilities of partners. Detailed Terms of Reference for each of the proposed consultants will be developed and finalized during the inception phase of the project.

A Monitoring and Evaluation framework including programme and project level monitoring tools will be developed for the project. The FAO South Sudan M&E Unit has been established within the Programme Unit of FAOSS and is composed of a Senior M&E Officer, a Gender M&E Officer, 8 field monitors, an LoA monitor and data entry personnel with support from the Programme Officer. FAO has deployed dedicated field monitors and coordination staff to hubs at field level to monitor the performance of partners and ensure accountability to affected populations. In addition to this, FAO has State level coordinators and field staff present at project locations to oversee the project’s successful implementation at field level as well as a Senior Programme Coordinator at Juba level responsible for the successful implementation of the Programme of the project.

5.4 Gender.

Focusing on gender can be a driver for transformational change. FAO's experience with gender mainstreaming over the past 30 years suggests that addressing the practical and strategic needs of women and men and early attention to gender issues in the project cycle is key to achieving both sectoral and gender equality outcomes. FAO will include information from stakeholder consultations and community dialogue regarding sex-disaggregated data and perceptions of the impacts of wars, and other disasters by use of tools such as gender-sensitive capacity and vulnerability analysis to understand sex-based differences. Women will be specifically targeted for business skills training, IGA and small-scale enterprise development. Equality will be promoted through community initiatives and advocacy, especially the community conversation approach. A collaboration with UNIDO and other partners, will result in promotion of education, training and professional development for women and youth through increasing knowledge and ability to diversify livelihoods and improve agriculture.

Socio-economic and gender analysis (SEAGA) is an approach elaborated by the FAO in partnership with the ILO, the World Bank and UNDP to develop the capacity of development specialists and humanitarian officers to incorporate socio-economic and gender analysis into development initiatives and rehabilitation interventions. SEAGA will be incorporated into training programmes outlined for this project through the use of practical tools including handbooks and guides on gender analysis in specific sectors. FAO in South Sudan has a dedicated national gender officer who will ensure that the proposed project activities are built in collaboration with beneficiaries and address the needs and priorities of both men and women and of disadvantaged people. In the case of South Sudan, rehabilitated child soldiers and people living with disability as a result of war will be prioritized. Tailor-made trainings and support targeting youth (female and male), women and other vulnerable members in the society will be developed.

5.5 Communication

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Communication is essential for effective project management when it comes to visibility strategies and showcasing results and the projects impact. Good external communication contributes to raising the public profile of FAO and its partners, reinforcing a positive image and credibility of the work being done and shaping public opinion concerning the importance of livelihood support. In order to achieve this, the Communications Division develops a Communications and Visibility Plan for the duration of the project, which will incorporate media events, press releases, info graphics, web stories and other communication tools to be implemented at strategic moments for specific target audiences. Communication actions will be aligned with FAO’s corporate communication strategy and benefit from the existing expertise and facilities of the Organization’s Communications Division. Also, FAO and its partners will ensure that there is adequate donor visibility in conformity with the donor’s rules of procedure in South Sudan. Communication actions will be aligned with FAO’s corporate communication strategy and benefit from the existing expertise and facilities of the Organization’s Communications Division. . The training manuals, communication briefs and publications will indicate the action is supported by DFATD.

5.6 Capacity development and sustainability

The project plans to organize or strengthen communities, seed bulking and agro-pastoral field school (APFS) groups in order to infuse greater gender equity, collective participation in resource management measures, and to facilitate access to follow-through development assistance from the local governments, other donor-funding opportunities and micro-enterprise financing institutions. In all aspects of project implementation, responsible resource use practices will be emphasized. The targeted communities and their respective local governments will therefore have greater resource co-management roles that can enable sustained productivity of the resource base. The project’s sustainability is grounded in the fact that all activities will be planned and implemented in coordination with all the stakeholders. This will enhance capacity building and ownership at every administrative level. The project involves national participation through the use of a considerable number of national consultants. This will facilitate the transfer of knowledge and improve their working methods and their effectiveness. At the community level, the provision of inputs will benefit the project beneficiaries long after the project implementation period has ended by creating a sustainable source of food and income for themselves and their families to be financially sustainable. It is hoped that the income generated from the activities of this project will be sufficient to support and sustain additional investments in the future. Additional benefits of the availability of seeds of good quality, to be saved for the following planting season(s). The vast majority of beneficiaries will also benefit from training and extension support on farming/livestock techniques. Operational capabilities will be strengthened to pursue production activities which will improve food security and enable them to generate income. The project will introduce a grant scheme where trained beneficiaries groups can apply for the needed capital to expand their agriculture production and enterprises.

Through this project, FAO will train technicians from government, other partners (NGO) as well as selected Community members on the APFS concepts and facilitation skills to support implementation of APFS among target community members. This team will thus gain skills and knowledge to actively be engaged in providing extension services to the communities. This is capacity build on nationals who can continue providing such extension services even after the end of the project with support from the government or other development initiatives.

The good or best practices identified through the field school practices will be owned by the community and can continue spreading amongst larger community through peer influence even long after the project implementation period is over. Some of the field School groups even after going through the learning process often become

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viable entry points for other interventions like research technologies that require to be scaled up through on-farm trials; commercial companies that my want to promote their technical packages/products within community often find such groups very useful because they are already cohesive structures that are empowered in managing production processes with proper documentation techniques.

Experience gained from East African projects promoting food security through commercialization and building their interventions on rural small scale enterprises promotion showed that the most effective way for sustainability is i) the skills transfer to beneficiaries through on-job training, technical assistance and permanent coaching, ii) the linkages of producers to market key actors generating mutual interest in securing the procurement on behalf of buyers and securing the market on behalf of producers organized into cooperatives, iii) bulked commercialization facilitating linkages with financial institutions, iv) the principles of cost sharing for infrastructures and equipment dotation and v) the shareholding principles with its ownership stamp. The five factors resulting from a long education process (5 years at least) led to the establishment of viable agribusiness based enterprises that can survive to the termination of the project and even expend their activities.

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6. Budget in USD 6.1. Funding breakdown

Money available at FAO South Sudan USD 5,088,089

Money available at FAO Sudan -

TOTAL FUNDS AVAILABLE UD 5,088,089 6.2 Summarised budget.

Accts Input description Total (USD) Percentage 5300 Salaries Professional

272,000 5.3% 5570 Consultants

922,000 18.1% 5650 Contracts

2,117,474 41.6% 5900 Travel

458,600 9.0% 5920 Training

45,000 0.9% 6000 Expendable Procurement

323,950 6.4% 6100 Non-Expendable Procurement

127,000 2.5% 6150 Technical Support Services

106,679 2.1% 6300 General Operating Expenses

130,030 2.6% SUBTOTAL

4,502,734 6130 Project Support Cost

585,355 11.5% GRAND TOTAL

5,088,089 100.0%

I

ANNEXES

Annex I: Logical Framework Intervention Logic Indicators Baseline Target Source of

Verification Assumption

Impact: Improved food security and income of target communities by increasing household agricultural and livestock production capacity and creating further opportunities for youths and women to contribute to household welfare as well as increasing community stability in the target area through promotion of reconciliatory and peace building mechanisms. Outcome: Strengthened resilience of communities in EES and GPAA to drought and other shocks.

% increase in household resilience index

TBD 30%

Resilience Index and Measurement Analysis (RIMA)

Government continues to guarantee safety of UN staff operating in and around EES/GPAA

No major natural or man-made disasters occur to impede timely project implementation

Major conflict does not erupt again in South Sudan impeding core staff to perform functions or leading to an evacuation of core project staff

Output 1: Improved management and equitable access to water sources for livelihood activities with in target communities in the greater Kapoeta and Pibor areas.

# of households with access to clean drinking water TBD 8,000 HH CMDRR assessment reports Scoping study on pastoralists and water M&E report Partner report

Communities will be willing to share information on natural resources

Access to target areas remains possible Insecurity does not impede delivery of

project activities

# of villages/Bomas with reliable water points for household and livelihood activities

0 6

# of water points constructed and rehabilitated 0 6

# of water points committees established and supported

0 6

# of Natural Resources Committees established and supported disaggregated by sex.

0 50

# of staff and local leaders trained on the Community-Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR) disaggregated by sex

0

150

Output 2: Increased food production and incomes for youth and women in the greater Kapoeta and Pibor areas.

# of autonomous SMEs and cooperatives established and offering sustainable services to producers in terms of access to quality seeds, inputs, networking and fair market

0 20 Training reports Partners’ reports Project reports Field visit reports M&E reports Crop Assessment

Access to target areas remains possible Inputs can be delivered on time and used

appropriately by beneficiaires Availability of organised farmer groups

with mix of women and youth..

# of women and youth farmer groups adopting new seed varieties disaggregated by sex

0 20

II

Intervention Logic Indicators Baseline Target Source of Verification

Assumption

% of increase in production of cereal crops at household level

- 25% reports Training reports

# of farmer groups practising seed multiplication 0 20 # of women and youths trained on various IGAs by disaggregated sex.

0 300

# of functional demonstration centres 0 5 % of women and youths beneficiaries reached with agricultural inputs

0 60-70% women & 30% youth

# of fishing groups supported with fishing equipment 50 150 # of fishing group members trained in post-harvest loss management disaggregated by sex.

0 150

# of fish market centres developed 0 2 Output 3: Diversified and increased livelihoods among EES and GPAA communities

# of autonomous non-farm IGAs SMEs established 0 15 Partners’ reports Project reports Field visit reports M&E reports

FAO/UNIDO staff and partners can access and remain safely in selected target locations long enough to conduct training

Insecurity does not impede delivery of project activities

Recipients groups will remain cohesive after this project support.

% of women and youths participating actively in livelihood activities1

0 60-70% women & 30% youth

# of youths and women trained in Management and Sustainable Utilization of Non-Timber Forestry Products (NTFPS) disaggregated by sex

0 200

# of Non-farm livelihoods supported. 0 15

# of GLSA supported 0 100 # of youth and women groups trained on post-harvest management and agro-processing disaggregated by sex

0 15

# of Ox-ploughs demonstration centres established and supported.

0 5

# of Gum Arabica production and marketing groups 0 5

1 Including NTFPs (gum Arabica and lulu oil), animal draft and traction power & ox-plough technology, repair and maintenance of farm inputs tools and equipment, fabrication of shear butter and Gum Arabica processing equipment’s, new technology introduction (small plugging machines), brokering of production, transport services of the production, agro processing activities in general &, processing of shear butter and sustainable charcoal production)

III


Assumption

formed and supported Activities Output 1. management and equitable access to water sources 1.1 Undertake a literature review and rapid assessment of agropastoral production water use and water interaction for livelihood activities. Application of research findings in the design of water access for stakeholders . (FAO) 1.2 Conducting training of partners and local leaders on the CMDRR process in Greater Kapoeta and Pibor. (FAO) 1.3 Form and train Natural Resources Management Committees (NRMC) for regular community dialogue on natural resources and conflict resolution.(FAO) 1.4 Conduct a regional tour for NRMC exchange visits to Uganda (FAO) 1.5 Conduct training for construction and/or rehabilitation of low cost water points (UNIDO) 1.6 Undertake feasibility water assessment and environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the selected deep borehole drilling sites.(FAO) 1.7 Carry out drilling of six deep well community water points.(FAO) 1.8 Determine the multiple purposes of water and design appropriate pipeline extensions (FAO). 1.9 Establish and train community water point committees for sustainability management.(FAO) Output 2: food production and incomes for youth and women 2.1 Carry out a rapid assessment of existing organized farmers’ groups such as FFS and SMEs involved in agribusiness in the region. (FAO) 2.2 Training of farmer groups on crop diversity in order to formulate business plans and provide appropriate extension support.(FAO) 2.3 Promotion of the uptake of short-term drought tolerant varieties through on-farm trials and group demonstration.(FAO) 2.4 Procurement of foundation seeds, tools and other inputs to at least 50 common interest groups. (FAO) 2.5 Support to existing fisheries groups through training and demonstration.(FAO) 2.6 Training fisheries groups on processing, value addition and marketing.(UNIDO) 2.7 Procurement of fishing gear. (FAO) 2.8 Procurement of simple fish processing and storage equipment. (UNIDO) Output 3: Diversified and increased livelihoods. 3.1 Select 15 women, youth members and any other stakeholders of the community involved in the small-scale IGAs based-enterprise (UNIDO) 3.2 Provide technical assistance to actors involved in IGAs based activities to establish professionally into business. (UNIDO) 3.3 Support the establishment of business incubation centres:-

3.3.1 Support promotion of ox-plough technology through five business incubation and demonstration centres (if appropriate led by young entrepreneurs) (FAO) 3.3.2 Train selected community 200 members in sustainable utilization of NTFPs (Shea butter / Gum arabica) (UNIDO) 3.3.3 Training of 50 local artisans on repair and maintenance of farm inputs tools and equipment such as ox-ploughs, fishing equipment, etc. (UNIDO) 3.3.4 Development of a fish market centres in Pibor and/or Pochalla. (UNIDO) 3.3.5 Procure and fabricate 100 (Units) grain storage metal silos and other low cost storage systems (UNIDO) 3.3.6 Procure and fabricate Shea butter/Gum Arabica processing equipment.(UNIDO)

3.4. Support establishment of producer groups/ grain marketing groups/cooperatives (FAO)

IV


Assumption

3.5 Support marketing strategies (market penetration, product development and diversification) for the beneficiaries to attain a good level of autonomy and human capacities for business development.

3.5.1 Initiate private market linkages between SMEs, producer cooperatives and buyers so as to ensure both a stable and profitable outlet market. (UNIDO) 3.5.2 Facilitate the network of cooperatives for value addition and marketing of staple food surpluses.(FAO)

3.6 Establish a small grants mechanism at county level targeting producers, SMEs and marketing associations. (FAO)

V

Annex II: Risk Analysis

Risk Description [narrative description]

Category7*

Impact [effect on project/programme/ organization if risk were to occur, H,M,L8]

Likelihood [estimate of likelihood H,M,L]

Mitigating action(s) [what actions will be taken/ have been taken to counter this risk]

Owner [person/ unit appointed to monitor this risk]

Flooding in project location Weather High Low

- Early warning systems are being established and will be monitored through complementary FAO project (AFIS)

- FAO will sensitize on early warning signs and mobilize communities for dyke strengthening /construction

- Early planting of short-season crops to avoid flooding

- Use of flood- and drought-tolerant cultivars

- Provision of agricultural inputs and tools

- Provision of fishing kits and tools

- Microfinance grants

- Provision of appropriate training measures to respond to environmental calamities

FAO staff

Local leaders

MAF staff

Communities

IPs

Drought during and after the rainy season in the project period

Weather High High

- Diversification of livelihoods

- Incorporate on-farm soil and water conservation measures

- Introduce CSA and CA

FAO project team,

Result-based monitoring by IPs, Beneficiaries

7 In addition to the corporate categories, please consult the EIA guidelines: http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/am862e/am862e00.pdf. 8 High, Medium, Low.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/am862e/am862e00.pdf

VI

- Provision of agricultural inputs and tools

- Microfinance grants

- Implement water storage structures to help beneficiaries’ access water during dry seasons/spells

- Use of drought-tolerant crop cultivars

Border clashes and inter-tribal conflicts affecting project implementation and monitoring

Political instability/insecurity High Medium

- FAO and IPs will incorporate community awareness messages on early warning signs of impending conflicts

- FAO will lobby relevant partners and civil authorities to establish community-based conflict committees to deal with such issues

- FAO will work in close collaboration with SMAF and SMLFI including local authorities (SSRRC) to identify project locations and conflict-prone areas

- Incorporation of conflict mitigating mechanisms

- Project will target youth for inclusion in project livelihood activities

Local civil authorities

Cross-state cattle rustling Insecurity High High - Local authorities have to police the cattle routes to prevent cattle raiding and/or repossess stolen animals State security team

Conflict between returnees and resident community members

Resource-based conflicts High Low

- FAO will put in place mechanisms for consulting the communities in a participatory manner, thereby involving as many stakeholders as possible

- The project will seek to integrate both vulnerable residents and returnees

- PFS/FFS approach will seek to establish sustainable livelihoods, thereby lessening pressures on host communities

FAO

MAF

Local authorities

Outbreak of pest and diseases in crops and livestock (e.g. white flies, aphids, worms,

Pest and disease outbreaks High Medium

- FAO and IPs source healthy crop seeds for use by all FFS groups/use of certified seeds from officially recognized companies or institutions.

MAF

MARF

VII

bacterial wilt, Striga, Quelea birds, CCPB, PPR, etc.)

- FAO to build capacity in community-based early warning systems to crop and livestock diseases.

- APFS to introduce integrated crop and livestock disease management options.

- FAO to provide supplies, vaccines and drugs to SMLFI to manage outbreaks of livestock diseases.

- Raise awareness among SMAF and farming communities on the use of clean planting materials and protecting the spread of diseases in the country.

FAO

Lack of access to project locations during peak of rainy season limits monitoring/ prepositioning of supplies, leading to beneficiaries not receiving project inputs on time/ missing crop season

Logistics constraints High Medium

- Prepositioning inputs before the onset of the rainy seasons and, working in collaboration with extension agents, locate them to project sites for coordination and monitoring of progress and updates

- Develop local capacity in seed and tool systems, reducing the need for importation

- Promotion of input trade fairs (ITFs) for FFS

- Partnership with WFP to use their logistical capacity for delivery of FAO-managed input pipelines

FAO and UN agencies

IPs

State Extension Workers

Beneficiaries

Limited access to suitable land, especially for returnees and IDPs in peri-urban and urban areas becomes a major bottleneck in realizing project objectives

Land access constraints Medium Low

- Integration of returnees, IDPs and conflict- and flood-affected host residents in the project.

- FAO (under a complementary policy) will develop the National Agriculture Land Tenure Policy.

- Introduction of vertical gardens for vegetable production.

Project beneficiaries

FAO

MAFRDC

State Ministries

Change in cost of project inputs over time, in addition to expected continuation of Government austerity

Inflation Medium Low

- Design a contingency plan/strategy

- Consolidate procurement plans to accommodate buffer stock ahead of implementation of project activities

FAO

VIII

Annex III: Detailed Budget

Accts Input description Unit cost (USD) unit measure No. Of Units Quantity Total (USD)

5011 Salaries Professional 272,000

Admin/Finance officer 15,500 months 4 1 62,000 Operations Officer 15,500 months 4 1 62,000 Procurement Officer 18,500 months 4 1 74,000

Senior Programme Officer 18,500 months 4 1 74,000 5013 Consultants 922,000

International Consultants 616,800

Project Manager 12,000 months 30 1 360,000 Subject matter specialists (Crops and Agri-Business) 14,000 months 5 2 140,000

M&E Officer 10,100 months 4 1 40,400 Communications Officer 9,000 months 4 1 36,000 Programme Officer 10,100 months 4 1 40,400 National Consultants 27 305,200 National Project Manager 4,400 months 30 1 132,000 National Gender Officer 4,000 months 4 1 16,000 Field Extension Agent (4) - Nimule, Torit, Kapoeta, Pibor. 2,700 months 30 4 81,000

Admin/Finance Assistant 2,100 months 4 1 8,400 Operations Assistant 2,100 months 4 1 8,400 Procurement & Logisitic Assistant 2,100 months 4 2 8,400 Driver (2) 850 months 30 2 51,000

5014 Contracts 2,117,474

Transfer to UNIDO for the implementation of component 3

1,000,050 lumpsum 1 1 1,000,050

IX

Literature review study on water use and interation for livelihood activities. 25,000 lumpsum 1 1 25,000

Establish and train NRMC 8,000 lumpsum 1 5 40,000

VES soundings and EIA for deep boreholes 800 lumpsum 1 6 4,800

Drill and equip 6 deep boreholes with Solar pumps. 40,000 lumpsum 1 6 240,000

Rehabilitate existing small scale water points 91,656 lumpsum 1 4 366,624

Design and construct pipeline extensions. 15,000 lumpsum 1 6 90,000

Rapid assessment of existing farmer groups. 5,000 lumpsum 1 2 10,000

Training community water point committtees 7,000 lumpsum 2 2 28,000

Community training on CMDRR and NRM 6,000 lumpsum 1 2 12,000

Training of farmer groups on crop diversity and drought tolerant varieities. 7,000 lumpsum

2 2 28,000

Promotion of ox-plough technologies through five demonstration centres. 20,000 lumpsum 1 5 100,000

Establishment of producer groups/grain marketing groups/cooperatives. 10,000 lumpsum

1 5 50,000

Competative small grants mechanism at county level for GSLAs and producer associations.

100,000 lumpsum 1 1 100,000

Transportation and warehousing of inputs. 2,300 Quarterly 10 1 23,000

5021 Travel 458,600

Intl travel (DSA/Danger pay/Flight costs) 277,000 lumpsum 1 1 277,000 Local travel (field monitoring visits and training) 80,000 lumpsum 1 1 80,000

Regional tour for NRMC exchange visits to Kenya and Uganda. 5,200 each 1 8 41,600

Data collection using RIMA. 30,000 Annually 1 2 60,000

X

5023 Training 45,000 Training on the use of the RIMA tool 30,000 lumpsum 1 1 30,000 Training on data collection, PM and E tools 7,500 lumpsum 1 2 15,000

5024 Expendable Procurement 323,950

Foundation Seeds and drought tolerant seed varieties. 7,500 lumpsum 1 5 37,500

Agricultural tools 15,000 Annually 1 2 30,000

Procurement of Fishing equipment (nets, twines, hooks etc.). 5,000 lumpsum 1 15 75,000

Procurement of vegetable seeds. 10,000 Annually 1 2 20,000

Office Supplies 20,000 lumpsum 1 1 20,000

Visibility/Communications Supplies 25,450 lumpsum 1 1 25,450

Procurement of treadle pumps and pipes. 20,000 Annually 1 2 40,000

Procurement of other assorted inputs. 76,000 lumpsum 1 1 76,000 5025 Non-Expendable Procurement 127,000

4WD Vehicle 48,000 each 1 1 48,000 Vehicle security installation. 15,000 each 1 1 15,000 Laptops 2,000 each 1 2 4,000 Procurement of project equipment 30,000 Annually 1 2 60,000

5027 Technical Support Services 106,679

Reporting 6,659 lumpsum 1 1 6,659 Evaluation 40,720 lumpsum 1 1 40,720 Technical Support costs 59,300 lumpsum 1 1 59,300

XI

5028 General Operating Expenses 130,030

Operational costs, vehicle maintenance, fuel, insurance and casual payments etc. 76,721 lumpsum 1 1 75,030

Security equipment and Contracts 55,000 Annually 1 1.0 55,000

SUBTOTAL 4,502,734

5029 Project Support Costs (13%) 585,355

GRAND TOTAL 5,088,089

I

Annex IV: UNIDO Activity Budget

BL Description Year 1 Year 2 Total

11 International experts 24,000 - 24,000 15 Project travel 3,000 - 3,000 16 Staff travel 2,000 - 2,000 17 National experts & admin staff 16,000 - 16,000 21 Subcontracts - - - 30 In-service training, conferences, 20,000 - 20,000 35 International Meetings - - - 43 Premises 5,000 - 5,000 45 Equipment 5,000 - 5,000 51 Miscellaneous 5,000 - 5,000

80,000 - 80,000

11 International experts 24,000 10,000 34,000 15 Project travel 3,000 3,000 6,000 16 Staff travel 4,000 1,000 5,000 17 National experts & admin staff 25,000 11,000 36,000 21 Subcontracts - - - 30 In-service training, conferences, - - - 35 International Meetings - - - 43 Premises 20,000 - 20,000 45 Equipment 45,000 10,000 55,000 51 Miscellaneous 20,000 10,000 30,000

141,000 - 186,000

11 International experts 72,000 34,000 106,000 15 Project travel 3,000 3,000 6,000 16 Staff travel 2,000 3,000 5,000 17 National experts & admin staff 50,000 22,000 72,000 21 Subcontracts 100,000 25,000 125,000 30 In-service training, conferences, 100,000 70,000 170,000 35 International Meetings - - - 43 Premises 15,000 5,000 20,000 45 Equipment 60,000 25,000 85,000 51 Miscellaneous 20,000 10,000 30,000

422,000 197,000 619,000 643,000 242,000 885,000

83,590 31,460 115,050 - - -

726,590 273,460 1,000,050 GRAND TOTAL US$Contengencies

TOTAL US$Programme Support Cost (13%)

Sub-Total Output 3

Outcome: Strengthened resilience of communities in EES and GPAA to drought and other shocksOutput 1: Management and equitable access to water resources

Sub-Total Output 1Output 2: Food production and income for youth and women

Sub-Total Output 2Output 3: Diversified and increased livelihoods

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