project sbi

129
ST.XAVIERS COLLEGE, RANCHI (An autonomous college of Ranchi University) XPRESS CREDIT: HIGH NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT A CONCERN Internship report submitted to SBI in completion of the requirement of summer internship at State Bank of India STATE BANK OF INDIA RBO HAZARIBAGH NAME OF THE STUDENT PROJECT MENTOR/ REPORTING OFFICER AT THE BANK VIVEK KR GUPTA MR. RAJESH KR. JHA

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Page 1: Project Sbi

STXAVIERS COLLEGE RANCHI

(An autonomous college of Ranchi University)

XPRESS CREDIT HIGH NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT A CONCERN

Internship report submitted to SBI in completion of the requirement of summer

internship at State Bank of India

STATE BANK OF INDIA

RBO HAZARIBAGH

NAME OF THE STUDENT PROJECT MENTOR

REPORTING OFFICER

AT THE BANK

VIVEK KR GUPTA MR RAJESH KR JHA

JUNE 3RD 2013 TO AUGUST 2ND 2013

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a great pleasure for me in submitting the project report on lsquoXpress credit ndash High NPA in Xpress Credit a concern for the fulfillment of summer internship

I am much thankful and owe a deep debt gratitude to all those who have helped me in preparing this project report Words seem to be inadequate to express my sincere thanks to Mr Rajesh Kr Jha (project mentor) for his valuable guidance constructive criticism untiring efforts and immense encouragement during the entire course of study due to which my effort has been rewarded

I would also like to thanks Mr OP Singh( Regional manager RBO) Mr Ajay Pratap (manager LPC) Mr Shrwan Kr Singh(chief manager) Mr US Prasad (Deputive manager PB ) who gave me an opportunity to learn the recurring acknowledgement of what is working in our lives that can help us not only to survive but surmount our difficulties

I express my sincere thanks to whole SBI (Hazaribag branch) for giving me all facility during my project and guiding me during the whole internship period

I want to thank all those who have supported me and gave their timely guidance Last but not least I am very grateful to Mr TS Prasad (RetdAGM of SBI and presently a visiting faculty of St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi) who not only suggested me the right method of study in the project but also guided at every stage of my work

He was a philosopher and guide for me in the true sense

Vivek Kumar Gupta

CONTENTS

SLNO PARTICULARS PAGE NO 01 Executive summery 04-07 02 List of charts 08 03 List of tables 09 04 Student profile 10 05 Mentor profile 11 06 Branch profile 12-13 07 Nature of the project 14 08 Objective of the study 15 09 Main report Introduction 16-52 10 Analysis of questioner- questioner

of officials and borrowers 53-75

11 Comparative study 76-82 12 Case study 83-84 13 Special case study 85 14 Research operation 86 15 Objective of the project 87 16 Scope of the study 88 17 Limitation of the study 89 18 Research methodology 90-92 19 Findingsobservation 93 20 Conclusion 94 21 Suggestions 95 22 Analysis of questioner for

validation of the recommendation 96-98

23 Bibliography 99 24 Annexure 100-104

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE

My project concerns Xpress credit high NPA under Xpress credit ndash a concern in which I need to

assist what is the total NPA under Xpress credit of different branches what are the reason for it who

is responsible for growing NPA and what are the steps to be taken to reduce NPA

Xpress credit

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating)

The scheme is built around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing

officer undertakes to deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to

the Bank for credit of the loan account)

ldquoXpress Creditrdquo has Legitimate personal purpose Expenses for Domestic or foreign travel

Medical Treatment Meeting any financial liabilities and many more

Employers Employees Person having minimum monthly income should satisfy the conditions of

Xpress Credit for being eligible for the loan

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

ldquoA NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment of principle as

remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of timerdquo

We can also understand by the other definition ie NPA means the debt which is given to the

doubtful customers by the Bank and is unable to recover is called Non Performing Assets

If any bank gives loan and is unpaid by the customer till 90 days that account is called as NPA

Account

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard (c) doubtful (d) loss

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained NPA or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

NPA are one of the major concerns of sector banks is increasing result in nonperforming

assets NPA do not generate interest income for the banks but the same time banks are

required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current profits

They result in reduced interest income

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Bad effect on goodwill amp on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING ASSETS

TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

1 FINANCIAL

a Non- payment of very first installment

b Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

2 OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

a If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding

up or not doing the business

b External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower

lives

3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

a Avoidance of contact with bank

4) OTHER

a Change in govt policies

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem Identifying borrowers with genuine intent Timeliness and

adequacy of response Focus on cash flow Management effectiveness multiple financing

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found that The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other

segment

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing

more and more business but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Conclusions

To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit

2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal

3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA

4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks

5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

Recommendations suggestions

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of

improvement

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the

financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

This all is done after carefully evaluating the financials position of the borrower

personal interview with the borrower Case study of the borrower as well as personal

interview with the bank officials of different branches

CHART ndashNO PARTICULARS PAGE- NO

01 Loan procedure of retail loan 29

11 Awareness level of borrower regarding NPA 54

12 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 55

13 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 56

14 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 57

15 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 58

16 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 59

17 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 60

18 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 61

19 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 62

110 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 63

111 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 64

112 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 65

113 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 66

114 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 67

115 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 68

116 Borrowers question analysis 70

117 Borrowers question analysis 71

118 Borrowers question analysis 72

119 Borrowers question analysis 73

120 Borrowers question analysis 74

121 Borrower questione analysis 75

122 Last three years NPA comparison of SBI 76

123 Last 10 years overall NPA of hzbag branch 77

124 Last 10 years NPA in p-segment of hzbag branch 78

125 Reason for turning an ac into NPA 82

126 Method of data collection 89

127 Recommendation testing 96

LIST OF CHARTS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE- NO PARTICULARS PAGE ndash NO

01 Last three years NPAs76

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 2: Project Sbi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a great pleasure for me in submitting the project report on lsquoXpress credit ndash High NPA in Xpress Credit a concern for the fulfillment of summer internship

I am much thankful and owe a deep debt gratitude to all those who have helped me in preparing this project report Words seem to be inadequate to express my sincere thanks to Mr Rajesh Kr Jha (project mentor) for his valuable guidance constructive criticism untiring efforts and immense encouragement during the entire course of study due to which my effort has been rewarded

I would also like to thanks Mr OP Singh( Regional manager RBO) Mr Ajay Pratap (manager LPC) Mr Shrwan Kr Singh(chief manager) Mr US Prasad (Deputive manager PB ) who gave me an opportunity to learn the recurring acknowledgement of what is working in our lives that can help us not only to survive but surmount our difficulties

I express my sincere thanks to whole SBI (Hazaribag branch) for giving me all facility during my project and guiding me during the whole internship period

I want to thank all those who have supported me and gave their timely guidance Last but not least I am very grateful to Mr TS Prasad (RetdAGM of SBI and presently a visiting faculty of St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi) who not only suggested me the right method of study in the project but also guided at every stage of my work

He was a philosopher and guide for me in the true sense

Vivek Kumar Gupta

CONTENTS

SLNO PARTICULARS PAGE NO 01 Executive summery 04-07 02 List of charts 08 03 List of tables 09 04 Student profile 10 05 Mentor profile 11 06 Branch profile 12-13 07 Nature of the project 14 08 Objective of the study 15 09 Main report Introduction 16-52 10 Analysis of questioner- questioner

of officials and borrowers 53-75

11 Comparative study 76-82 12 Case study 83-84 13 Special case study 85 14 Research operation 86 15 Objective of the project 87 16 Scope of the study 88 17 Limitation of the study 89 18 Research methodology 90-92 19 Findingsobservation 93 20 Conclusion 94 21 Suggestions 95 22 Analysis of questioner for

validation of the recommendation 96-98

23 Bibliography 99 24 Annexure 100-104

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE

My project concerns Xpress credit high NPA under Xpress credit ndash a concern in which I need to

assist what is the total NPA under Xpress credit of different branches what are the reason for it who

is responsible for growing NPA and what are the steps to be taken to reduce NPA

Xpress credit

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating)

The scheme is built around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing

officer undertakes to deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to

the Bank for credit of the loan account)

ldquoXpress Creditrdquo has Legitimate personal purpose Expenses for Domestic or foreign travel

Medical Treatment Meeting any financial liabilities and many more

Employers Employees Person having minimum monthly income should satisfy the conditions of

Xpress Credit for being eligible for the loan

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

ldquoA NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment of principle as

remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of timerdquo

We can also understand by the other definition ie NPA means the debt which is given to the

doubtful customers by the Bank and is unable to recover is called Non Performing Assets

If any bank gives loan and is unpaid by the customer till 90 days that account is called as NPA

Account

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard (c) doubtful (d) loss

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained NPA or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

NPA are one of the major concerns of sector banks is increasing result in nonperforming

assets NPA do not generate interest income for the banks but the same time banks are

required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current profits

They result in reduced interest income

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Bad effect on goodwill amp on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING ASSETS

TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

1 FINANCIAL

a Non- payment of very first installment

b Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

2 OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

a If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding

up or not doing the business

b External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower

lives

3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

a Avoidance of contact with bank

4) OTHER

a Change in govt policies

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem Identifying borrowers with genuine intent Timeliness and

adequacy of response Focus on cash flow Management effectiveness multiple financing

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found that The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other

segment

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing

more and more business but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Conclusions

To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit

2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal

3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA

4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks

5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

Recommendations suggestions

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of

improvement

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the

financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

This all is done after carefully evaluating the financials position of the borrower

personal interview with the borrower Case study of the borrower as well as personal

interview with the bank officials of different branches

CHART ndashNO PARTICULARS PAGE- NO

01 Loan procedure of retail loan 29

11 Awareness level of borrower regarding NPA 54

12 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 55

13 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 56

14 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 57

15 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 58

16 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 59

17 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 60

18 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 61

19 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 62

110 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 63

111 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 64

112 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 65

113 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 66

114 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 67

115 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 68

116 Borrowers question analysis 70

117 Borrowers question analysis 71

118 Borrowers question analysis 72

119 Borrowers question analysis 73

120 Borrowers question analysis 74

121 Borrower questione analysis 75

122 Last three years NPA comparison of SBI 76

123 Last 10 years overall NPA of hzbag branch 77

124 Last 10 years NPA in p-segment of hzbag branch 78

125 Reason for turning an ac into NPA 82

126 Method of data collection 89

127 Recommendation testing 96

LIST OF CHARTS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE- NO PARTICULARS PAGE ndash NO

01 Last three years NPAs76

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 3: Project Sbi

SLNO PARTICULARS PAGE NO 01 Executive summery 04-07 02 List of charts 08 03 List of tables 09 04 Student profile 10 05 Mentor profile 11 06 Branch profile 12-13 07 Nature of the project 14 08 Objective of the study 15 09 Main report Introduction 16-52 10 Analysis of questioner- questioner

of officials and borrowers 53-75

11 Comparative study 76-82 12 Case study 83-84 13 Special case study 85 14 Research operation 86 15 Objective of the project 87 16 Scope of the study 88 17 Limitation of the study 89 18 Research methodology 90-92 19 Findingsobservation 93 20 Conclusion 94 21 Suggestions 95 22 Analysis of questioner for

validation of the recommendation 96-98

23 Bibliography 99 24 Annexure 100-104

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE

My project concerns Xpress credit high NPA under Xpress credit ndash a concern in which I need to

assist what is the total NPA under Xpress credit of different branches what are the reason for it who

is responsible for growing NPA and what are the steps to be taken to reduce NPA

Xpress credit

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating)

The scheme is built around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing

officer undertakes to deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to

the Bank for credit of the loan account)

ldquoXpress Creditrdquo has Legitimate personal purpose Expenses for Domestic or foreign travel

Medical Treatment Meeting any financial liabilities and many more

Employers Employees Person having minimum monthly income should satisfy the conditions of

Xpress Credit for being eligible for the loan

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

ldquoA NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment of principle as

remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of timerdquo

We can also understand by the other definition ie NPA means the debt which is given to the

doubtful customers by the Bank and is unable to recover is called Non Performing Assets

If any bank gives loan and is unpaid by the customer till 90 days that account is called as NPA

Account

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard (c) doubtful (d) loss

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained NPA or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

NPA are one of the major concerns of sector banks is increasing result in nonperforming

assets NPA do not generate interest income for the banks but the same time banks are

required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current profits

They result in reduced interest income

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Bad effect on goodwill amp on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING ASSETS

TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

1 FINANCIAL

a Non- payment of very first installment

b Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

2 OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

a If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding

up or not doing the business

b External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower

lives

3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

a Avoidance of contact with bank

4) OTHER

a Change in govt policies

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem Identifying borrowers with genuine intent Timeliness and

adequacy of response Focus on cash flow Management effectiveness multiple financing

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found that The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other

segment

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing

more and more business but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Conclusions

To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit

2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal

3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA

4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks

5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

Recommendations suggestions

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of

improvement

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the

financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

This all is done after carefully evaluating the financials position of the borrower

personal interview with the borrower Case study of the borrower as well as personal

interview with the bank officials of different branches

CHART ndashNO PARTICULARS PAGE- NO

01 Loan procedure of retail loan 29

11 Awareness level of borrower regarding NPA 54

12 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 55

13 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 56

14 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 57

15 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 58

16 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 59

17 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 60

18 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 61

19 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 62

110 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 63

111 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 64

112 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 65

113 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 66

114 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 67

115 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 68

116 Borrowers question analysis 70

117 Borrowers question analysis 71

118 Borrowers question analysis 72

119 Borrowers question analysis 73

120 Borrowers question analysis 74

121 Borrower questione analysis 75

122 Last three years NPA comparison of SBI 76

123 Last 10 years overall NPA of hzbag branch 77

124 Last 10 years NPA in p-segment of hzbag branch 78

125 Reason for turning an ac into NPA 82

126 Method of data collection 89

127 Recommendation testing 96

LIST OF CHARTS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE- NO PARTICULARS PAGE ndash NO

01 Last three years NPAs76

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 4: Project Sbi

My project concerns Xpress credit high NPA under Xpress credit ndash a concern in which I need to

assist what is the total NPA under Xpress credit of different branches what are the reason for it who

is responsible for growing NPA and what are the steps to be taken to reduce NPA

Xpress credit

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating)

The scheme is built around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing

officer undertakes to deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to

the Bank for credit of the loan account)

ldquoXpress Creditrdquo has Legitimate personal purpose Expenses for Domestic or foreign travel

Medical Treatment Meeting any financial liabilities and many more

Employers Employees Person having minimum monthly income should satisfy the conditions of

Xpress Credit for being eligible for the loan

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

ldquoA NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment of principle as

remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of timerdquo

We can also understand by the other definition ie NPA means the debt which is given to the

doubtful customers by the Bank and is unable to recover is called Non Performing Assets

If any bank gives loan and is unpaid by the customer till 90 days that account is called as NPA

Account

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard (c) doubtful (d) loss

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained NPA or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

NPA are one of the major concerns of sector banks is increasing result in nonperforming

assets NPA do not generate interest income for the banks but the same time banks are

required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current profits

They result in reduced interest income

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Bad effect on goodwill amp on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING ASSETS

TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

1 FINANCIAL

a Non- payment of very first installment

b Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

2 OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

a If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding

up or not doing the business

b External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower

lives

3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

a Avoidance of contact with bank

4) OTHER

a Change in govt policies

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem Identifying borrowers with genuine intent Timeliness and

adequacy of response Focus on cash flow Management effectiveness multiple financing

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found that The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other

segment

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing

more and more business but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Conclusions

To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit

2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal

3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA

4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks

5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

Recommendations suggestions

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of

improvement

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the

financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

This all is done after carefully evaluating the financials position of the borrower

personal interview with the borrower Case study of the borrower as well as personal

interview with the bank officials of different branches

CHART ndashNO PARTICULARS PAGE- NO

01 Loan procedure of retail loan 29

11 Awareness level of borrower regarding NPA 54

12 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 55

13 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 56

14 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 57

15 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 58

16 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 59

17 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 60

18 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 61

19 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 62

110 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 63

111 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 64

112 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 65

113 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 66

114 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 67

115 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 68

116 Borrowers question analysis 70

117 Borrowers question analysis 71

118 Borrowers question analysis 72

119 Borrowers question analysis 73

120 Borrowers question analysis 74

121 Borrower questione analysis 75

122 Last three years NPA comparison of SBI 76

123 Last 10 years overall NPA of hzbag branch 77

124 Last 10 years NPA in p-segment of hzbag branch 78

125 Reason for turning an ac into NPA 82

126 Method of data collection 89

127 Recommendation testing 96

LIST OF CHARTS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE- NO PARTICULARS PAGE ndash NO

01 Last three years NPAs76

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 5: Project Sbi

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained NPA or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

NPA are one of the major concerns of sector banks is increasing result in nonperforming

assets NPA do not generate interest income for the banks but the same time banks are

required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current profits

They result in reduced interest income

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Bad effect on goodwill amp on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING ASSETS

TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

1 FINANCIAL

a Non- payment of very first installment

b Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

2 OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

a If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding

up or not doing the business

b External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower

lives

3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

a Avoidance of contact with bank

4) OTHER

a Change in govt policies

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem Identifying borrowers with genuine intent Timeliness and

adequacy of response Focus on cash flow Management effectiveness multiple financing

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found that The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other

segment

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing

more and more business but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Conclusions

To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit

2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal

3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA

4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks

5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

Recommendations suggestions

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of

improvement

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the

financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

This all is done after carefully evaluating the financials position of the borrower

personal interview with the borrower Case study of the borrower as well as personal

interview with the bank officials of different branches

CHART ndashNO PARTICULARS PAGE- NO

01 Loan procedure of retail loan 29

11 Awareness level of borrower regarding NPA 54

12 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 55

13 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 56

14 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 57

15 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 58

16 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 59

17 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 60

18 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 61

19 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 62

110 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 63

111 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 64

112 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 65

113 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 66

114 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 67

115 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 68

116 Borrowers question analysis 70

117 Borrowers question analysis 71

118 Borrowers question analysis 72

119 Borrowers question analysis 73

120 Borrowers question analysis 74

121 Borrower questione analysis 75

122 Last three years NPA comparison of SBI 76

123 Last 10 years overall NPA of hzbag branch 77

124 Last 10 years NPA in p-segment of hzbag branch 78

125 Reason for turning an ac into NPA 82

126 Method of data collection 89

127 Recommendation testing 96

LIST OF CHARTS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE- NO PARTICULARS PAGE ndash NO

01 Last three years NPAs76

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 6: Project Sbi

3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

a Avoidance of contact with bank

4) OTHER

a Change in govt policies

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem Identifying borrowers with genuine intent Timeliness and

adequacy of response Focus on cash flow Management effectiveness multiple financing

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found that The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other

segment

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing

more and more business but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Conclusions

To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit

2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal

3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA

4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks

5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

Recommendations suggestions

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of

improvement

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the

financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

This all is done after carefully evaluating the financials position of the borrower

personal interview with the borrower Case study of the borrower as well as personal

interview with the bank officials of different branches

CHART ndashNO PARTICULARS PAGE- NO

01 Loan procedure of retail loan 29

11 Awareness level of borrower regarding NPA 54

12 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 55

13 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 56

14 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 57

15 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 58

16 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 59

17 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 60

18 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 61

19 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 62

110 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 63

111 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 64

112 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 65

113 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 66

114 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 67

115 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 68

116 Borrowers question analysis 70

117 Borrowers question analysis 71

118 Borrowers question analysis 72

119 Borrowers question analysis 73

120 Borrowers question analysis 74

121 Borrower questione analysis 75

122 Last three years NPA comparison of SBI 76

123 Last 10 years overall NPA of hzbag branch 77

124 Last 10 years NPA in p-segment of hzbag branch 78

125 Reason for turning an ac into NPA 82

126 Method of data collection 89

127 Recommendation testing 96

LIST OF CHARTS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE- NO PARTICULARS PAGE ndash NO

01 Last three years NPAs76

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 7: Project Sbi

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of

improvement

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the

financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

This all is done after carefully evaluating the financials position of the borrower

personal interview with the borrower Case study of the borrower as well as personal

interview with the bank officials of different branches

CHART ndashNO PARTICULARS PAGE- NO

01 Loan procedure of retail loan 29

11 Awareness level of borrower regarding NPA 54

12 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 55

13 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 56

14 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 57

15 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 58

16 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 59

17 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 60

18 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 61

19 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 62

110 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 63

111 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 64

112 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 65

113 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 66

114 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 67

115 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 68

116 Borrowers question analysis 70

117 Borrowers question analysis 71

118 Borrowers question analysis 72

119 Borrowers question analysis 73

120 Borrowers question analysis 74

121 Borrower questione analysis 75

122 Last three years NPA comparison of SBI 76

123 Last 10 years overall NPA of hzbag branch 77

124 Last 10 years NPA in p-segment of hzbag branch 78

125 Reason for turning an ac into NPA 82

126 Method of data collection 89

127 Recommendation testing 96

LIST OF CHARTS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE- NO PARTICULARS PAGE ndash NO

01 Last three years NPAs76

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 8: Project Sbi

17 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 60

18 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 61

19 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 62

110 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 63

111 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 64

112 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 65

113 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 66

114 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 67

115 Bank officials questionnaire analysis 68

116 Borrowers question analysis 70

117 Borrowers question analysis 71

118 Borrowers question analysis 72

119 Borrowers question analysis 73

120 Borrowers question analysis 74

121 Borrower questione analysis 75

122 Last three years NPA comparison of SBI 76

123 Last 10 years overall NPA of hzbag branch 77

124 Last 10 years NPA in p-segment of hzbag branch 78

125 Reason for turning an ac into NPA 82

126 Method of data collection 89

127 Recommendation testing 96

LIST OF CHARTS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE- NO PARTICULARS PAGE ndash NO

01 Last three years NPAs76

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 9: Project Sbi

02 Over all NPA over time of hzbag branch (10 years)

77

03 Last 10 years p-segment NPA of hzbag branch

78

04 Product wise NPA comparison of hzbag

branch

79

05 Branch wise comparison of NPA in Xpress

credit

80

06 Profession wise NPA comparison81

07 Reason for turning an ac into NPA as per the borrower

82

08 Validity testing of the recommendation(bank officers views)

96

STUDENT PROFILE

NAME Vivek Kumar gupta

Father name Rajendra Pd gupta

Gender Male

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 10: Project Sbi

DOB 15081993

Academic qualification Pursuing BCom (insurance honors)

College St Xavierrsquos college Ranchi

At present Pursuing special diploma in Marine insurance

Contact no 7631011853

Email ID vivek7654595gmailcom

PROJECT MENTOR PROFILE

NAME Rajesh Kumar Jha

DESIGNATION Manager (PB) Hazaribag

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 11: Project Sbi

WORK PLACE SBI Hazaribag

CONTACT NO 9931833473(personal) 9771458627(official)

EMAIL ID rajeshkjhasbicoin

SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH PROFILE

BRANCH INFORMATION

Date of opening 17-10-55

Branch code 00090

Migration date 14-12-2006

Circle Patna

Network 2

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 12: Project Sbi

Module name Dhanbad

Branch type Regular branch

MICR code 825002002

License date 17-10-1954

Controllers Email ID agm4zoransbiciin

COMMUNICATION ADDRESS

Address 1 State bank of India

Address 2 Ravindra path

Address 3 NH-33

City Hazaribag

Pin 825301

BRANCH MANAGER

Name Shrwan Kumar Singh

Designation Chief Manager

Contact no 9431140712

Email shrwansinghsbicoin

STAFF STRENGTH

Officers 15

Assistants 30

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 13: Project Sbi

Messengers 12

Guards 03

ACCOUNTS

Total no of ac - 60720

SB ac ndash 46133

CA ac - 510

Advances ndash 7247 Lakhs

Deposits ndash 91408 Lakhs

Total no of ATMrsquoS ndash 08

NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Xpress credit is a form of personal loan devised to provide instant credit support to person in need It caters mainly salaried person who have their salary ac with the bank The loan is a very good source of increasing retail loan portfolio but also have inherent risk It is a clear loan without any security and hence attracts more provisioning also unexpected events like death of borrower creates problem of recovery Sometimes employers shift their salary to other bank intentionally to avoid repayment and sometime it is difficult to track their transfer and posting

Despite all positive factors of continuous income and benefit of recovery through department the bank is facing the problem of high NPA in Xpress credit

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 14: Project Sbi

The study is an endeavor to search the cause of acrsquos turning into NPA analyzing the efforts of the bank to recover the dues and to suggest the measures to contain the NPA to minimum or to zero level

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the npa

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 15: Project Sbi

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

COMPANY PROFILE OF SBI

The evolution of sbi can be traced back to the first decade of the 19th century It began with the

establishment of bank of culcutta in cuicutta on 2nd july 1806 The bank was redesined as the bank of

bangal three year later on 2nd january 1809 It was the first ever joint company of british india

established under the sponsorship of govt of bangal Subsiquently the bank of madras and bank of

bombay follwed the bank of bangal These banks were amalgamated to form imperial bank on 27th

jan 1921

An important turning point in the history of SBI is the launch of 1st five year plan of independence

india in 1951 The plan aimed to serving the indian economy in general and the rural sector of the

countryin particular There for in order to serve the economy as a whole and the rural sector in

particular all india rural credit survey committee recommended the formation of state ndash partnered

and state ndash sponsored bank An act was passed in the parliament of india in may 1955 As a result the

sbi was established on 1st july 1955this results in making SBI more powerful as much as quarter of

resourses of indian banking system was controlled by state later on state bank of india (subsidiary

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 16: Project Sbi

banks) act was pessedin 1959 This act enabled the sbi to make the 8 state associated bank as its

subsidiaries

BRANCHES

The corporate centre of SBI is located in Mumbai In order to cater to different function There is several other

establishments in and outside Mumbai apart from corporate center The bank boasts of having as many as 14

local head office and 57 zonal offices located as major cities throughout India It is recorded that SBI has

more than 10000 branches will cater to its customer throughout India

ATM

SBI provides easy access to money to its customers through more than 90000 ATMs in India The

bank also facilitates the free transaction of money at ATMs of state bank group You may also

transect money through SBI commercial and international bank ltd by using the state bank ATM

CUM DEBIT CARD It the only banking company to open its ATM in region of kargil

Source SBIcoin

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 17: Project Sbi

Xpress credit

INTRODUCTION-

The Xpress Credit Scheme was formulated in April 2004 in the form of pre-approved loan to

employees of leading PSUs and Government organizations At present the scheme is open to

Employees of government semi-government profit making PSUs Educational Institutions of

national repute and companies of good standing (based on their CRA rating) The scheme is built

around the concept of check ndash off (the process by which the salary disbursing officer undertakes to

deduct loan installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit

of the loan account) Xpress Credit Loans may also be sanctioned in those cases where the borrower

gives sufficient PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan

Source Xpress credit circular

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 18: Project Sbi

PURPOSE

The loan under the scheme is granted for any legitimate personal purpose (eg expenses for

domestic or foreign travel medical treatment of self or a family member meeting any financial

liability such as marriage of sondaughter defraying educational expenses of wards meeting

margins for purchase of assets etc)

Source Xpress credit circular

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 19: Project Sbi

ELIGIBILITY

1 EMPLOYERS

Central and state Government

Quasi-Government

Profit making PSUs

Educational Institutions of National Repute

Companies with a CRA rating of SB1 to SB5

Companies with a CRA rating of SB6 and SB7 are also eligible if it satisfies take over norms

2 EMPLOYEES

Permanent employees with a minimum 1 yearrsquos length of service

He should have sufficient cash flows to repay the loan from salary as evidenced by 6 monthsrsquo

salary slipsincome tax returns of 2 years

He should provide proof of residence and proof of identity to satisfy KYC norms

He should produce 6 months satisfactory statement of bank account (at any bank)

Proof of Employment in the eligible company

Source Xpress credit circular

MINIMUM NET MONTHLY INCOME

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 20: Project Sbi

The minimum Net Monthly Income (NMI) of the employee should beRs5000- It can

Be lowered to Rs3000- subject to the condition that the salary accounts of the entire enterprise are

with us The Branch will ensure to obtain an Undertaking from the borrower that there is no other

deduction from hisher salary which is not reflected in the salary slip [As per Annexure ndash (B) ndash (v)]

LOAN AMOUNT

a) Minimum Rs24000=

b) Maximum 24 Months NMI with a ceiling of Rs1500 lacs

TYPE OF LOAN

LoanD Term demand Loan (NO OVERDRAFT)

REPAYMENT PERIOD

Maximum 60 months

EMI NMI le 50

REVIEW

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 21: Project Sbi

Review of loan will be done yearly

RENEWAL

Renewal of loans will be allowed after 24 months

CHECK OFF

The process by which the salary disbursing officer under takes to deduct the loan

installments from the salary of the borrower and remits the same to the Bank for credit to the loan

account

Or

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) For recovery of the loan installments

from his aforesaid account with the SI being synchronized with the date of credit of salary in the

borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

AND

The employer undertakes to inform the Bank if and when there is a severance due to borrowerrsquos

transfer resignation retirement etc[ Branch will ensure to obtain the undertaking from the employer

and employee as per Annexure ndash B (I) B (ii) II or B (iii) ]

Source Xpress credit circular

CATEGORY I

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 22: Project Sbi

FULL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

AND

Undertaking from the employer to obtain a NOC from the Bank before settling the dues of the

borrower on transfer resignation retirement etc [As per Annexure ndash B (IV)]

This stipulation can be waived by the sanctioning authority incase of employees of Central State

Government PSUs Universities and Reputed Colleges In case of other employers the CGM of the

Circle has been permitted to waive the stipulation But in no case this can be waived for IT sector

employees

CATEGORY II

PARTIAL CHECK OFF

As given under the head CHECKOFF

CATEGORY III

WITH NO CHECK OFF

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 23: Project Sbi

The employer pays the borrowerrsquos salary into his SavingsCurrent Account with our Bank

The borrower gives an irrevocable Standing Instruction (SI) for

recovery of the loan installments from his aforesaid account twitch the SI being synchronized with

the date of credit of salary in the borrowerrsquos SavingsCurrent Account

OR

Conditions as given under the head CHECKOFF is not fulfilled but the borrower provides monthly

PDCs (Post Dated Cheques) for entire tenure of the loan provided eligibility criteria are fulfilled

(Guidelines on Post Dated cheques is annexed as per Annexure A)

INTEREST RATE

The Interest rate is based on the category of Check off available

Category I

5 above the base rate ie - 970 +5 =1470 ( currently 1470 pa)

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 24: Project Sbi

Category II

7 above the base rate (currently 1670 pa)

Note The GM of the Network is vested with powers to extend the Category II rate to a Category III

borrower only in case of employees of SB1 to SB5 rated companies who maintain their salary

accounts with us The Category III employees who do not maintain their salary accounts with us but

provide PDCs for the loan should be charged the card rate applicable to Category III and no

deviation should be permitted by Circle GMs

PENAL INTEREST

Penal interest should not be charged for loans up to Rs25000For Loans above Rs25000- if the

irregularity exceeds EMI or installment amount for a period of one month then penal interest would

be charged 2 pa(over and above the applicable interest

rate) on the overdue amount for the period of default If part installment or part EMI remains

overdue then penal interest should not be levied

This provision has been made to avoid application of penal interest on Personal Segment Loan

accounts where EMIs stipulated or installments are being paid regularly by the borrowers

Source Xpress credit circular

SECURITY

The loan is clean in nature and no security is required

PROCESSING FEE

11 of the loan amount including tax

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 25: Project Sbi

PRE-SANCTION PROCESS

The following documents will be obtained before sanction-

I Application cum appraisal Form With a photograph of the borrower duly attested by the

authorized official

II It is proposed to put in place an arrangement for verification of the address of the borrower by an

outside agency A report duly signed by the verification agency (in places where an arrangement is

in place) or by our officerstaff in other places (where verification agency approved by Corporate

Centre is not available) should be complied based on the following verifications

I Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence address as given in the loan application

by actually visiting the residence of the borrower

II Verification of the borrowerrsquos office address as given in the loan application by

actually visiting the office of the borrower

Source Xpress credit circular

III Verification of the borrowerrsquos residence telephone number as given in the loan

application by actually calling the residence telephone number of the borrower

IV Verification of the borrowerrsquos office telephone number as given in the loan

Application by actually calling the office telephone number of the Borrower

V Verification of the IT return of the Borrower with IT department through a

person approved by the Regional OfficeZonal Office where feasible Where IT

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 26: Project Sbi

return cannot be verified by the Bank statement of account of the borrower may

be scrutinized to verified income flows

Where the verification is not outsourced the Branch staff

Must do the verification and the report should be added with the loan documents

Flow chart of loan procedure of retail loan

Chart no 01

Disagree

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 27: Project Sbi

NON PEFORMING ASSETS (NPA) ndash CONCEPT

The three letters ldquoNPArdquostrike terror in banking sector and business circle todayNPA is the short

Form of ldquoNon performing Assetsrdquo

Enquiry about loan

Agreeprovided with check list and

application

submission of documents and application dully

filled up

Documents taken

verification of application and

documebtsCIBIL report

Processing of loan

Sangtion of loan

Document

Control Disbursal of loan

phasewise lumpsum

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 28: Project Sbi

In banking NPA are loans given to doubtful customers who may or may not repay the

loan on time There are two types of assets viz performing and non performing Performing loans

are standard loans on which both the principle and interest are secured and their return is guaranteed

NPA means the debt which is given by the bank is unable to recover is called

nonperforming assets A NPA account in the books of accounts is an asset as it indicates the amount

received from the defaulters It means if any bank gives loan and is not paid by the customers till 90

days than that account is called as NPA account

DEFINITION

An asset including leased assets becomes nonperforming when it ceases to generate income

for the bank

A NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installment

of principle as remained ldquopast duerdquo for specific period of time

Source googlecoin

The specific period was reduced in a phased manner as under

wef ndash 31031993 four quarters

wef ndash 31 031994 three quarters

wef - 31031995 two quarters

wef - 31032001 180 days

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 29: Project Sbi

wef - 31032004 90 days from past due

90 days delinquency is not applicable to agriculture segment

With effect from march 31 2004 NPA shall be a loan or an advance where

1) Term loan interest installment of principle remain over due for 90 days

2) Cash creditover draft an account remain ldquoout of orderrdquo for a period of more than 90 days

3) Bills The bills remain over due for a period more than 90 days

4) Agriculture loan

a The loan has been granted for short duration crop installments of the principle

remain over due for two crop season beyond the due date

b If the loan has been granted for long duration crop installment of the principle

remain over due for one crop season beyond the due date

Source Rbiorgin

CLASSIFICATION OF LOANS

In India loans are classified on following basis

Performing assets

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 30: Project Sbi

Loans where the interest and or principle not remain overdue for more then 90 days

Non-performing assets

Any loan repayment remains over due for more than 90 days is considered as NPA

According to the securitization and re construction of financial assets and enforcement of

security interest ordinance2002 ldquonon performing assetsrdquo(NPA) means an assets or ac of

borrower which has been classified by the bank as sub-standard doubtful or loss asset in

accordance with the guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI

Source googlecoin

ASSET - CLASSIFICATION

Assets can be categorized into four categories (a) standard (b) sub-standard

(c) doubtful (d) loss The last three categories are classified as npa based on the the period for

which the asset has remained non-performing and the realisability of the dues

Standard assets the loan ac which are regular and do not carry more than normal risk are

known as standard assets there could be ac which though have not become npa but are

irregular Such ac are called special mention ac

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 31: Project Sbi

Sub- standard assets with effect from 3132005 a sub-standard assets is one which is

classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months

Doubtful asset with effect from 3132005 an asset is to be classified as doubtful if it

remained npa or sub-standard for a period exceeding 12 months

Loss assets a loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal and

external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount as not been written off wholly In

other words such an asset is considered uncollectable and such little value that its

continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or

recoverable value

NPA IDENTIFICATION NORMS

With effect from 31st march 2004 a loan or advance become npa when

a Interest or installment of the principle remains overdue for a period more then 90

days in respect of term loan

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 32: Project Sbi

b The ac remain out of order for a period more 90days in respect of over draft cash

cash credit

c The bill remains overdue for a period more than 90 days in case of bills purchased

and discounted

d With effect from Sept 2004 loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as

NPA if the installment of principle or interest there on remains overdue for two crop

season and loan granted for long duration will be treated as NPA if the installment

remains overdue for one crop season

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 33: Project Sbi

Out of order

An account will be treated as out as out of order if the outstanding balance remain

continuously in excess of the sanctioned limitdrawing power In cases where the

outstanding balance in the principle operating ac is less than the sanctioned limit but

there are no credit continuously for 90 days as on the date of balance sheet or the

credit are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period

Overdue

An amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue it is not paid on the due

date fixed by the bank

The date of npa will be actual date on which sippage occurred as mentioned below

For term and demand loan ac

The date on which the installment of the principle have

remaine overdue for a period more then 90 days

For over draft and cash credit ac

The date on which the ac completed period of more than 90

days of being continuously out of order

Source wwwRBI Org in

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 34: Project Sbi

PROVISING NORMS

There is time lag between an ac becoming doubtful for recovery the realization of security and

erosion over a loan period of time in its value So RBI directives now requiresthe banks to make

provisions in their balance sheet for all non- standard loan asset Provisioning is made on all types of

assets ie Standard sub-standard doubtful and loss assets

1 Standard assets RBI vides its circular dated 151108 revised the provisioning requirements

For all type of standard assets it has been reduced to a uniform level of 040of outstanding

at global basis except in the case of direct advance to agriculture and SME sector which

shall continue to attract a provisioning of 025 The provision toward standard assets need

not to be netted from gross advances but shown separately as ldquo contigent provisionsrdquo against

standard assets under other liquidities and provisions others in schedule 5 of the balance

sheet

2 Sub-standard assets- In respect of sub-standard assets the rate of provision is 10 of

outstanding balance without considering ECGC guarantee cover or securities available

However if the loan was unsecured from the begining there would be additional provision of

10 ie total provision would be 20 of the outstanding balance Unsecured exposure is

defined as an exposure where the realizable value of the security as assessed by the

bankreserve banks inspecting officers is not more than 10 ab-intio of the outstanding

exposure

3 Doubtful assets In case of doubtful assets while making provision realizable value of

security is to be considered 100 provision is made for unsecured portion In case of

secured portion the rate of provision depend on age of doubtful assets as under

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 35: Project Sbi

Age of doubtful assets Provision as of secured portion

Doubtful up to 1 year D1 20 of RVS( realizable value of security)

Doubtful for more than 1 year D2 30 of RVS

Doubtful for more than 3 years D2 100 of RVS

Thus if an ac is doubtful for more than 3 years than 100 of the provision is to be made

both from secured and unsecured portion If an advance has been guaranteed by DICGC

CGFTECGC and is doubtful than provision on secured portion will be as in other cases but

provision on unsecured portion will be made after deducting the claim value

4 LOSS ASSET 100 of the outstanding amount while making provision on NPAs amount

lying in suspense ac and derecognized interest should be deducted from gross advance and

provision be made on balance amount

5 OVERALL PROVISION With a view to improving the improving the provisioning cover

and enhancing the soundness of the individual banks RBI has proposed in oct- 09 policy that

bank should augment their provisions and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio

including floating provisions is not less than 70

Source wwwRBIorgin

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 36: Project Sbi

IMPACTEFFECT OF NPA UPON BANKS

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy The failure of banking sector

may have an adverse impact on other sector NPA are one of the major concerns of sector

banks is increasing result in nonperforming assets The NPA impact drastically to the

working of banks The efficiency of bank not always reflected by the size of its balance sheet

but by the level of return on its assetsNPA do not generate interest income for the banks but

the same time banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs from their current

profits

They erode current profits through provisioning requirement

They result in reduced interest income

They require higher provisioning requirements effecting profits and accretion to capital

Adverse impact on capital adequacy ratio

Roe and Roa goes down because NPA do not earn

Banks rating gets effect

Banks cost of raising funds goes up

Bad effect on goodwill

Bad effect on equity value

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 37: Project Sbi

EARLY SYMPTOMS BY WHICH ONE CAN RECOGNIZE A PERFORMING

ASSETS TURNING TO A NON PERFORMING ASSET

Four categories of early symptoms

1) FINANCIAL

(a) Non- payment of very first installment

(b) Bouncing of cheque due to insufficient balance in the ac

(c) Irregularity in installment

(d) Irregularity of operations in ac

(e) Unpaid overdue bill

(f) Declining current ratio

2) OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL

(a) If information is received that the borrower has either initiated the process of winding up or not doing the business

(b) Over-due receivable

(c) Stock statement not submitted on time

(d) External non-controllable factor like natural calamities in the city where the borrower lives

(e) Non- payment of salary

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 38: Project Sbi

(3) ATTITUDNAL CHANGE

(a) Use for personal comfort stocks and shares by borrowers

(b) Avoidance of contact with bank

(c) Problem between partners

(4) OTHER

(a) Change in govt policies

(b) Death of the borrower

(c) Delay in salary

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 39: Project Sbi

PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR NPA

Early recognition of the problem

Invariably by the time banks start their efforts to get involved

in a revival process its too late to retrieve the situation ndash both in terms of rehabilitation of the

project and the recovery of banks dues Identification of the weakness regardless of the fact

that it may not have become NPA is imperative Assessment of the potential of revival may

be done on the basis of a techno-economic viability study Restructuring should be attempted

where after an objective assessment of the promoterrsquos intention banks are convinced of a

turn around with in a scheduled facilitate winding upselling of units earlier so as to recover

whatever is possible through means before the security position becomes worse

Identifying borrowers with genuine intent

Identifying borrower with genuine intent from those who

are non-serious with commitment or stake in revival is a challenge confronting bankers Here

the role of front line officials at branch level is paramount as they are the ones who have

intelligent inputs with regard to promoters lsquo sincerity and capability to achieve turnaround

Based on this objective assessment bank should decide as quickly as possible whether it

would be worthwhile to commit additional finance

In this regard banks may consider having

ldquospecial investigationrdquo of all financial transaction or business transaction books of account

order to ascertain real factor that contributed to sickness of borrower Bank may have panel

of technical experts with proven expertise and task record of preparing techno-economic

study of the project of the borrowers

Borrowers having genuine problems due to temporary mismatch in find flow or sudden

requirement of additional fund may entertained at branch level for this purpose a special

limit to such type of cases should be decided This will obviate the need to route the

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 40: Project Sbi

additional funding through the controlling officers in deserving cases and avert many

accounts sleeping into NPA category

Timeliness and adequacy of response

Longer the delay in response greater the enjury to the

account and the asset Time is a crucial element in any restructuring or rehabilitation activity

The response decided on the basis of techno- economic study and promoterrsquos commitment

has to be adequate in terms of extend of additional funding and relaxations etc under the

restructuring exercise The package of assistance may be flexible and bank may look at the

exit option

Focus on cash flow

While financing at the time of restructuring the banks may not be guided

by the conventional fund flow analysis only which could yield a potentially misleading

picture Appraisal for fresh credit requirement may be done by analyzing fond flow in

conjunction with the cash flow rather than only on the basis of fund flow

Source wwwAskcom

Management effectiveness

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 41: Project Sbi

The general perception among the borrower is lack of finance that

leads to sickness and NPAs but this may not be the case all the time Management effectiveness

advance business condition is a very important aspect that affects a borrowing units fortunes A bank

may commit a multiple finance to an align unit only after basic viability of the enterprise also in the

context of quality of management is examined and confirmed It will be useful to have consultant

appointed as early as possible to examine this aspect A proper techno-economic viability study thus

become the basis on which any future action can be considered

Multiple financing

A) During the exercise for assessment of viability and restructuring a pragmatic and unified

approach by all the leading banks as also sharing of all relevant information on the

borrower would go a long way toward overall success of rehabilitation exercise given the

probability of successfailure

B) In some default cases Where the unit is still working The bank should make sure that it

captures the cash flow and insure that such cash are used for working capital purpose

Toward this end there should be a continuous flow of information among consortium

member A bank which is not a part of consortium may not be allowed to offer credit

facility to such defaulting clients Current account facility may also be denied at non-

consortium banks to such clients and violation may attract penal action The credit

information bureau of india (CIBIL) may be very useful for meaningful information

exchange on defaulting borrowers once the setup become fully operational

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 42: Project Sbi

C) In a forum of lenders the priority of each lender will be different While one set of lender

may be willing to wait for longer time to recover its dues another lender may have a much

shorter timeframe in mind So it is possible that the letter categories of lenders may be

willing to exit even at a cost by a discounted settlement of the exposure There for any plan

for restructuringrehabilitation may takes into account

D) Corporate debt restructuring it has been institutionalized in 2001 to provide a timely and

transparent system for restructuring the corporate debt of RS 20 crores and above with the

banks on a voluntary basis and outside a legal framework Under this system bank are

greatly benefit in terms of restructuring of large standard accounts (potential NPAs) and

viable sub-standard account with multiple banking arrangement

NPA MANAGEMENT- RESOLUTION

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 43: Project Sbi

Compromise settlement schemes

Restructuringrescheduling

Lok adalat

Corporate debt restructuring cell

Debt recovery Tribunals (DRT)

Proceeding under the code of civil procedure

Board of industrial and financial reconstruction

National company law Tribunal (NCLT)

Sale of NPA to other bank

Sale of NPA to ARCSC under securitization and reconstruction of financial assets for

enforcement of security interest Act 2000 (SRFAESI)

Liquidation

Source wwwRBIorgin

NPA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 44: Project Sbi

Formation of the credit information bureau (India) limited (CIBIL)

Release of willful defaulterrsquos listRBI also releases a list of borrowers with aggregate

outstanding of RS 1 crore and above against whom bank have filed suit for recovery of their

fund

Reporting of frauds to RBI

Norms of lenders labiality- framing of fair practices code with regard to lenders lability to

be followed by banks

Risk assessment and Risk management

RBI has advised banks to all cases of willful defaulters in case of 1 crore and above and

files suits in such cases

Responding quick mortality cases

Special mention accounts for early identification for bad debt loans and advances over due

for less than one or two quarters would come under this category However these accounts do

not need provisioning

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES ON NPA MANAGEMENT

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 45: Project Sbi

Subsequent to the Asian currency crisis which severely crippled the financial system In

addition to the above some of the more recent and aggressive step to NPAs have been taken

by Taiwan Taiwanese financial institution have been encouraged to merge and form bank

based AMCs through the recent introduction of financial holding company act and financial

institution Asian countries the magnitude of NPAs in Asian financial institution was brought

to light Driven by the need to proactively tackle the soaring NPAs level the respective govt

embarked upon a program of substantial reform This involves setting up processes for early

identification and resolution of NPAs The table below provides a cross country comparison

of approaches used for NPA resolution Mergers Act A long side the ministry of finance has

followed a carrot and strict policy of specifying the required NPA ratio for banks while also

providing flexibility in modes of NPA assets resolution and a conduct

ive regulatory and tax environment Deferred loss write-off provisions have been instituted to

provide breathing space for lenders to absorb NPA write-off While it is too early to

comment on success of NPA resolution process in Taiwan the early sign are encouraging

Detailed below are some key NPA management approaches adopted by banks in South East

Asian countries

1 Credit risk mitigation

2 Early warning systems

3 Assets management companies

Increasing willingness to sell NPAs to AMCs

Effective resolution strategy

Appointment of special administrators

4 Out of court restructuring

Source wwwgooglecom

DIFFICULTIES WITH NON PERFORMING ASSETS

I Owners do not receive a market return on their capital In the worst case if the bank

fails owner lose their assets

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 46: Project Sbi

II Depositors do not receive a market return on savings In the worst case if the bank

fails depositors lose their assets or uninsured balance Banks also redistribute losses

to other borrowers by charging higher rate of interest

III Non-performing loans epitomize bad investors They misallocate credit from good

projects which do not receive funding to failed project

IV Non- performing loans may spill over the banking system and contract the money

stock which may lead to economic contraction This spillover effect can channelize

through illiquidity or bank insolvency

a When many borrowers fail to pay interest Banks may experience liquidity

shortage the shortage can jam payments across the country

b Illiquidity constraints banks in paying depositors eg cashing their paychecks

c Undercapitalized banks exceed the bank capital base

Lending by bank has been politicized It is common knowledge

that loans are given to various industrial houses on common consideration and

viability of project but on political consideration In normal circumstances banks

before extending any loan would make a thorough study of the actual need of the

party considered the prospect of the business in which it is engaged Since it is

not looked into many of the loans becomes NPA

REASONS F0R AN ACCOUNT BECOMING NPA

Those attribute to borrower

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 47: Project Sbi

Failure to bring in required capital

Lack of proper planning

Unwanted expenses

Lack of expertise

Poor credit collection

Miss management

Heavy borrowing

Lack of knowledge regarding NPA

Willful defaulters

Death of the borrower

Those attribute to banks

Wrong selection of borrower

Poor credit appraisal

Unhelpful in supervision

Too inflexible attitude

System overload

Lack of motivation

Delay in sanction

Lack of trained staff

Lack of commitment to recovery

Lack of personal visit to the borrower office

Lack of personal visit to the borrowerrsquos residence

Other

Fast changing technology

Unhelpful attitude of govt

Increase in material cost

Government policies

Taxation law

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 48: Project Sbi

Political hostility

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 49: Project Sbi

INDIAN ECONOMY AND NPA

Undoubtedly the world economy has slowed down recession is at its peak globally stock markets

have tumbled and business itself getting hard to do The Indian economy has been much affected due

to high fiscal deficit poor infrastructure facilities sticky legal system cutting of exposures to

emerging market by FIIs etc

Further international rating agencies like standard and poor

have lowered Indiarsquos credit rating to sub- investment grade Such negative aspects have often

outweighed positive such as increasing for reserve and a manageable inflation rate

Under such situation I go without saying that banks are no exception

and are bound to face the heat of global down turn One would be surprise to know that banks and

financial institution in India holds non-performing assets worth Rs 1 10000 crores Bankers have

realized that unless the level of NPA is reduced drastically they will find it difficult to survive

The actual level of NPA in India is around $ 40 billion much higher than govt estimation of $16

billion This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in accounting the NPAs followed by India

and rest of the world The accounting norms of India are less stringent than those of the developed

economies The Indian banks also have the tendency to extend the past due Considering the GDP

India nearly $ 470 billion the NPA are 8 of the total GDP which was better than many Asian

countries The NPA of china was 45 of the GDP While Japan had NPAs of 25 of the GDP

The aggregate level of NPAs in Asia has increased from $ 25 billion in 2007 to

$ 34 billion on 2009 looking to such overall pictures of the market we can say that India is doing

well and the steps taken are looking favorable

Source googlecoin

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 50: Project Sbi

DATA ANALYZING THE QUETIONNAIRE

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 51: Project Sbi

Two set of questionnaire were prepared to collect the feedback One set of questionnaire was meant for branches and other set of questionnaire was meant for borrowers

The set of questionnaire were given to the branches under hazaribag (RBO) and collected the feedback of the bankers of P segment and the branch manager

The questionnaire prepared for branch contained 15 questions and the questionnaire prepared for borrower contains 10 questions

The data was collected from 50 bankers and the data analysis of the branch questionnaire is as follows

Question number 1

Does not require any data analysis and information was sought to know the business level of the branches for the purpose of whether particular branch is actively engaged in xpress credit portfolio

Question number 2

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Answer

32 of the respondent feel that the borrowers are not aware about NPA and 18 respondents feel that borrowers are aware about NPA

Chart no 11

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 52: Project Sbi

yes

no

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1832 Column1

Conclusion

Majority of the bank officials feels that the borrowers are not aware about NPA

Question number 3

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 32 respondent 22 respondents is fully satisfied that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA 08 respondent were partially satisfied with it and 02 respondent were not satisfied with it

Chart no 12

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 53: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(22)69

partially satisfied(8)25

not satisfied(2)6

Sales

Conclusion

Majority of the borrowers feels that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 4 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 30 of the respondent strongly satisfied that these external factors contribute to NPA 10 respondent were partially satisfied with it 5 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied with it

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 54: Project Sbi

Chart no 13

6020

10

10

fully satisfied(30) partially satisfied(10) not satisfiec(5) fully desatisfied(5)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent thinks that external factrs like willful defaulter change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Answer

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 55: Project Sbi

Chart no 14

feedback

fully satisfied(20)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(12)fully dissatisfied(6)

Conclusion

As per the response of the officials most of the officials feel that internal factors are also responsible for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

Out f 50 responses 22 were strongly satisfied 18 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied and 2 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 15

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 56: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(20)44

partially satisfied(18)36

not satisfied(5)10

fullt dissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Growing inflation increasing goods rate is also one of the reason for NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 30 were fully satisfied with it 12 were partially satisfied and 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 57: Project Sbi

Chart no 16

6024

16

Open

fully satisfied(30)Partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(0)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Majority of the officiais feels that lack of PSS is one of the reason for NPA This means that the PSS carried out by the bank is not sufficient or not carried out properly

Question number 8

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Answer

Most of the respondent feels that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrwer ls contribute to NPA

Chart no 17

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 58: Project Sbi

56

12

28

4

FULLY SATISFIED(28)PARTIALLY SATISFIED(6)NOT SATISFIED(14)FULLY DISSATISFIED(2)

Conclusion

As per response of the officials increasing inflation have an adverse effect on the financial sector its working performance as well as on NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were not satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 10 were strongly dissatisfied where as only 5 out of 50 were fully satisfied with it

Chart no 18

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 59: Project Sbi

strongly satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(10)

Conclusion

Most of the respondents are not satisfied with it They feel that the rate of interest charged by SBI under Xpress credit is not high and it will not contribute to NPS

Question number 10

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reason for NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 35 were fully satisfied 5 were not satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 19

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 60: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(35)70

partially satisfied(10)20

not satisfied(5)10

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the borrowers borrow money from the bank without any proper planning which is one of the most important reason for NPA

Question number 11

Is heavy borrowing also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 25 respondent were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 8 were not satisfied were as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 110

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 61: Project Sbi

50

24

16

10

fully satisfied(25) partially satisfied(12) not satisfied(8) fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 12

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Answer

As per the response of the officials 20 were fully satisfied 66were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied with it were as 10 respondent were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 111

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 62: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(10)20

partially satisfied(33)66

not satisfied(2)4

fullydissatisfied(5)10

Conclusion

As per the response given by the officials most of the officials were partially satisfied that wrong selection of borrower also contribute to NPA which means that selection process carried out by the bank is not appropriate or there is some difficulties in implementing them

Question number 13

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 5 were fully satisfied 10 were fully satisfied 30 were not satisfied were as only 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 112

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 63: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(5)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 14

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Answer

Out of 50 responses 3 were fully satisfied 15 were partially satisfied 25 were not satisfied where as 7 were full dissatisfied

Chart no 113

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 64: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(3)partiallt satisfied(15)not satisfied(25)fully dissatisfied(7)

Conclusion

Out of all respondent most of the respondent feels that the inflexible attitude of the bank does not contribute to NPA This means that the attitude of bank toward the borrower is not inflexible

Question number 15

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Answer

Out of 50 respondent 28 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 10 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 114

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 65: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(28)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(10)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

Most of the officials feel that system over load is also one of the factors for NPA which means that a single employee has to do a lot of work due to which they donrsquot have time to look on bad accounts or the accounts in NPA

Question number 16

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Answer

As per the responses given by the officials 34 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 4 were not satisfied where as no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 115

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 66: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(34)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(4)fully dissatisfied(0)

Conclusion

According to the officials most of them feels that they were not able to carry on the follow-up properly If they carry out the follow-up properly they were able to control NPA

Question number 17

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Answer

I have received many feedbacks and my suggestion is based on the feedback received from these branch officials

BORROWER QUESTIONNAIRE

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 67: Project Sbi

Following feedback in the form of questionnaire we asked from different borrower

Question number 1

Do not require any data analysis

Question number 2

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were fully satisfied 10 were partially satisfied 30 were not satisfied where as 5 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 116

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 68: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(25)partially satisfied(10)not satisfied(30)fully dissatisfied(5)

Question number 3

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 15 were fully satisfied 12 were partially satisfied 35 were not satisfied where as on 8 were fully dissatisfied

Chart no 117

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 69: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(15)partially satisfied(12)not satisfied(35)fully dissatisfied(8)

Conclusion

Most of the respondent feels that the rate of interest charged by SBI is high

Question number 4

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Answer

Out of 70 borrowers 35 were fully satisfied 20 partially satisfied 15 were not satisfied and no one is fully dissatisfied

Chart no 118

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 70: Project Sbi

fully satisfied(35)

partially sat-isfied(20)

not satisfied(15)

responses

Question number 5

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Answer

Most of the borrower replied that no one had come to verify the residential address

Chart no 119

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 71: Project Sbi

yes(22) no(48)

response 22 48

2575

125175225275325375425475

response

Axis Title

Conclusion

The PSS is not carried out properly by the bank

Question number 6

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 42 were not agree and 28 were agree about it

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 72: Project Sbi

Chart no 120

yes(28) no(42)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series 1

Question number 7

Are you aware about NPA

Answer

Out of 70 respondent 25 were aware about Xpress credit where as 45 were no aware about it

Chart no 121

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 73: Project Sbi

yes(25)no(45)

Question number 8

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it

Answer

I received my feedback and the reasons for NPA are based on it

COMPARATIVE STUDY

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 74: Project Sbi

Last three years net NPA ratio of SBI

Table no 1

YEAR NET NPA RATIO

2010-11 163

2011-12 182

2012-13 21

Chart no122

2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

05

1

15

2

25

163182

21

NET NPA RATIO

Conclusion The net NPA ratio of SBI is increasing with each financial year and it will cause a great terror to Indian financial system

Source SBI annual report

OVER ALL NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L)

310313 235 17437

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 75: Project Sbi

3103 12 215 12614

3103 11 319 15123

3103 10 628 27664

310309 837 3717

310308 80 30466

310307 273 9423

310306 435 12638

310305 859 21269

310304 1016 16591

Table no 2

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 123

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31306 313040

2

4

6

8

10

12 NPA

NPA

Axis Title

Axis Title

Conclusion

From the above data I conclude that the Overall NPA of Hazaribag branch is little bit high as compare to last year but as compare to other year the NPA keeps on decreasing which is good

PER-SEGMENT NPA LEVEL OVER TIME OF HAZARIBAG (90)

Table no 03

DATE NPA IN OUT AMT(L) 310313 15 8568 3103 12 164 7576 3103 11 156 6115

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 76: Project Sbi

3103 10 232 8712 310309 46 15326 310308 49 15426 310307 07 1975 310306 182 4014 310305 443 7286 310304 443 5391

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Chart no 124

31313 31312 31311 31310 31309 31308 31307 31306 31305 313040

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 164 156

232

4649

0700000000000001

182

443 443

PER NPA

PER NPA

Conclusion

The NPA under personal segment of hazaribag branch is little bit high (15) but as compare to last few years the NPA keeps on decreasing accept 2007-08 because this year shows the huge growth in NPA( ie 07to 49) We can say that the NPA of any branch is not high if itrsquos NPA is below 01

PRODUCTS WISE NPA COMPARISION OF SBI HAZARIBAG BRANCH

Different segments to be compared are

1 Xpress credit2 Education loan3 Car loan4 Home loan

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 77: Project Sbi

Table no 4

Segment

Total accounts

Total no of accounts under NPA

Xpress credit

882

10

Edu- loan

283

14

Car- loan

340

08

Home- loan

289

05

Conclusion

The total no of accounts under Xpress credit is the highest but the accounts under NPA are less as compare to other segments The highest no of NPA accounts are under education loan There is no doubt that there is high NPA under Xpress credit but as compare to other segment it is low

BRANCH WISE COMPARISION OF NPA IN XPRESS CREDIT ON SAMPLT BASIS

Branches to be compared are

1 Hazaribag branch2 Chatra3 Maru bazaar4 Novadi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 78: Project Sbi

Table no 5

Branch

Total ac

Total NPA ac

Total advances

Hazaribag

882 10 2139 cr

Chatra

824 18

1405 cr

Maru bazaar

138 02 336 cr

Novadi

600

04 1219 cr

PROFESSION WISE NPAS COMPARISION

Group of people belonging to different professions whose ac are in NPAs

Out of 70 ac I have noted that there are different type of people belonging to different profession whose ac are in NPA and banks has to take some strong steps against these people

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 79: Project Sbi

Table no 6

Profession Police

Health dept

Advocate

Teacher Engineer

Other

No of NPAs acs

25

06

06

20 06

07

ConclusionThe professional group which has the highest no ac under NPAs is police and teacher Bank has to take some more steps against these professional groups to reduce the NPAs

REASON FOR TURNING AN AC INTO NPAs

Table no 07

Reason for NPA No of ac

Death 02

Health problem 10

Loss of salary 12

Transferredwillful defaulters 10

Not found 20

Delay in salary 16

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 80: Project Sbi

As per the feedback of the borrowers I derive the following reasons for turning an ac into NPAs In my study I found that the data available regarding the borrowers is inappropriate

Chart no 125

Death Health problem loss of salary willful defaulter not found delay in sallary0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2

10

12

10

20

16

no of ac

CASE STUDY

Top 50 NPA accounts under Hazaribag RBO out of which 3 accounts are of Xpress credit

Details of the 3 NPA accounts

1)

Name Rajendra Tiwari

Account no 31961318929

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 81: Project Sbi

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 5Lakhs

Date of NPA 13113

Branch name Hazaribag branch

Problem Not paying the installment

Reason for NPA Transferred

Observation

He is a willful defaulter as he got transferred to Gram Vikash Jamsedpur and opened a new ac in another bank which proves that he is a willful defaulter

2)

Name shiv dher Singh

Account no 31617765960

AC type TL Xpress credit

Outstanding amount 33534200

Limit amount 45 lakhs

Date of NPA 103112

Branch name hazaribag branch

Problem repayment of loan amount

Reason for NPA delay in salary

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 82: Project Sbi

Observation

As per my study he is willful defaulter because his financial condition was good Ha has money to live his life happily but donrsquot have money to repay the loan back to the bank

3)

Name Md Azimudin

Account no 31845747053

AC type BR-TL Xpress credit

Outstanding 38041700

Limit amount 5 lakhs

Branch Name Chatra branch

Date of NPA 43013

Reason for NPA Death

Observation

As per my study the financial condition of his family was not good due to which his they were not able to pay the loan back

SPECIAL CASE STUDY

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30751713480

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name hazaribag

Limit 7 lakhs

Outstanding amount 3 3462900

Date of sanction 290409

NPA Date 300911

At present The account has been written-off and at present a new AUCA ac has been opened

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 83: Project Sbi

Name Chandraket singh

Account no 30782800515

AC type TL Xpress credit

Branch name PBB

Limit 3 lakhs

Outstanding amount 2860102

Date of sanction 040609

Repayment date June 2013

At Present IRAC-3

Observation

It is a glaring example of poor PSS over confidenceinfluence syndrome The two personal loans were within a span of 3 months Although the borrower is a willful defaulter he was in eco hardship due to non-picking up of business profit of his new enterprise ie ldquohotel canary innrdquo

As found in the survey this case study testified the hypothesis of multiple financing and careless PSS as the reasons of Xpress credit accounts becoming NPA

The borrower is an influence person of Hazaribag with political clout This might have been the reason for his success in his endeavor to get his loans sanctioned by various branches It seems that legal actions are also not working properly

RESEARCH OPERATION

Significance of the study

The main aim of any person is to utilization of money in the best manner since India is country where more than half of the population has problem of running the family in the most efficient manner However Indian people face large no of problem till the development of full-fledged banking sector The Indian banking sector comes into the developing nature mostly after 1991 policy The banking sector has really helped the Indian people to utilize the single money in the best manner as they want

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 84: Project Sbi

The banks not only accept the deposit of the people but also provide them credit facility for their development Indian banking sector has the nation in developing the business and service sectors But recently the banks are facing the problem of credit risk It is found that many general people and business people borrow from the banks but due to some genuine or other reasons are not able to repay back is known is known as known as non performing assets Many banks are facing the problem of NPAs which hammer the business of the banks Due to NPAs the income of the banks is reduced and the banks have to make the large no of provisions that would curtail the profit of the banks and due to that the financial performance of the bank would not show good results

The main aim behind making this report is to know how SBI is operating its business and how NPAs play its role to the operation of SBI bank My study is also focusing on existing system in India to solve the problem of NPAs Thus the study would help the decision maker to understand the financial performance and growth of SBI as compared to the NPAs

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 85: Project Sbi

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of my study are as follows

To know about Xpress credit

To know about NPA and what are the underlying reasons for emergence of NPA

To study the impact of NPA on the operation of the bank

To know about what are the steps taken by the bank to reduce the NPAs

To know why NPA are greater challenges to the bank

To study the general reason for asset becoming NPA

What are the methods adopted to look after NPA management

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 86: Project Sbi

Scope of the study

The scope of the study is as given below

Bank can improve their financial position or can increase their income from credit with the help of this project

This project can be applicable to know the reasons of increase in NPAs

This project also gives light upon impact of NPAs

Concept of NPAs can be made clear

To present a picture of movement of NPA in SBI

Need of the study

Following types of need arises for this study

To know what kind of role NPAs are playing upon the operations of the banks

To know the variables available to control NPAs

The need also has been felt to study the financial performance of the bank

Limitations of the study

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 87: Project Sbi

The limitations that I felt in my study are

The data collected by me was not sufficient for report study

The practical operations as related to NPAs are adopted by the banks are not learned

Insufficient data about the borrower in the system due which I was not able to contact all of them

The solutions are not applicable for every bank

Period of study

The period of my study was of 2 months (3rd June to 3rd Aug)

Research refers to the search for knowledge Ine can also define research as specific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic It is an art of specific investigation

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 88: Project Sbi

Research methodology

The research methodology is a systematic way of studying a research problem The research methodology means a way in which we can complete our prospected task Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for anyone to determine the problem of study I have adopted following procedure in completing my report study

1 Research problem2 Research design3 Determining the data source4 Analyzing the data5 Interpretation6 Preparing research report

1 Research problem

The topic that I got for the research study is Xpress credit- high NPA in Xpress credit a concern Providing credit facility is one of the most important factors as far as banking sector is concerned As my training is at bank I have the got the project upon high NPA a concern This is my problem to be studied

2 Research design

The research design tells about the mode with which the entire project is prepared My research design for this study is basically analytical because I have utilized the large no of data of the banking sector In this project theoretical study is also attempted

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 89: Project Sbi

3 Determining the data source

The data source can be primary or secondary The primary data are those data which are used for the first time in the study However such data such take much time and are also expensive Whereas secondary data are those data which are all ready available in the market these data are easy to search and are not expensive too For my study I have utilize both type of data

Chart no 126

4 Tools used for analysis of data

Type of data

Primary data Secondary data

Observation method

Interview method

Questionnaire method

Schedule method

Web site

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 90: Project Sbi

The data collected were analyzed with the help of statistical tools like ratio analysis and trend analysis Tables are used represent the consolidated data Graphical representations are also used for batter comprehension and representation

5 Analyzing the data

The primary and secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited and studied and analyzed When a person receives a data many useful data would also be there So I analyzed the data and edited it and turned it into a useful manner so that it become useful for my report study

6 Interpretation of data

With the use of analyzed data I manage to prepare my project report but analyzing the data would not help my study to reach towards its objectives The interpretation of the data is required so that the other can understand the crux of the study in more simple without any problem so I have added the chapter of analysis that would explain other to understand my study in simple way

7 Project writing

This is the last step in preparing the research report The objective of the report writing was to report the finding of study to the concerned authority

OBSERVATION FINDING

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 91: Project Sbi

In my research I found the following things

The NPA in Xpress credit is high

The NPA in Xpress credit is not very high as compared to other segment

A break chunk of NPA ac police teachers under Xpress credit because when transferred they do not communicate to the lending branch and open a new ac at the place of posting and avail another credit

Study indicates that major NPA increases due to willful defaulter

Lack of knowledge among the borrower is also one of the reasons which contribute to NPA

It also indicates that borrowers are mostly responsible for it

Less no of staffs in the bank is also one of the reasons for NPA

NPA is also increasing because of delay in salary due to allocation of funds

At some extent bank officials are responsible for NPA because bank is worried about mobilizing more and more ac but not concern about maintenance of accounts

Defective lending and lack of PSS also contribute to NPA

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion reveals the explanation about what the report has cover and what is the essence of the study What my project report covers is concluded below The problem statement on which I focused

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 92: Project Sbi

my study is ldquoHigh NPA in Xpress credit a concernrdquo The Indian banking sector is the important service sector that helps the people of India to achieve the socio economic objective The Indian banking sector has helped the business and service sector to develop by providing them credit facilities and other financial related facility The Indian banking sector is developing with good appreciate as compare to other global bench mark banks The Indian banking system is classified into scheduled and non- scheduled banks The bank play very important role in developing the

nation in terms of providing good financial services The SBI bank has also shown good performance in last few years The only problem the bank is facing today is the problem of non- performing assets Non- performing assets means those assets which are classified as bad assets which are not possibly be returned back to the bank by the borrower If the proper management of the NPAs is not undertaken it would hamper the business of the bank The NPAs would destroy the current profit interest income due to large provision of the NPAs and would reduce the smooth functioning of the recycling of the funds If we analyze the past year data we may come to know that the NPAs have increased very drastically The RBI is also trying to take no of measures but the ratio of NPA is not decreasing The bank has to must find out the measure to reduce the evolving problem of NPA If the concept of NPAs is taken very lightly it would be dangerous for the bank The reduction of the NPAs would help the bank to boost up their profit smooth recycling of the fund in the nation This would help the nation to develop more banking branches and developing the economy by providing the batter financial services to the nation

As the name suggests itself NPAs are those assets which never generate profit to the banks and are threats for banks Bank should try their best to manage these non ceasing assets because it is very difficult to vanish these assets Compromise is one of the measures to reduce NPAs It has its limitation and may have adverse effect and hence has to use judiciously with proper understanding of the genuine problem and concerns of each other To conclude this study we can say about this report that

1 There is high NPA ratio under Xpress credit2 NPAs represent high level of risk and low level of credit appraisal3 There are so many preventive measures available those can be adopted to stop an assets or an

ac becoming NPA4 There are some certain guidelines made by RBI for NPAs which are adopted by banks5 NPA under Xpress credit is less as compare to other segment (education)

RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS

In my study I have found some limitation So I can suggest following suggestions or area of improvement

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 93: Project Sbi

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal

The credit should be backed up by securitization

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs

Credit officer should focus upon cash flow and judge in a realistic manner

Proper monitoring of ac should be adopted to control NPAs

Banks should try their best to recover NPAs

The problem should be identified very early so that company can try their best to stop an assets and ac becoming NPAs

There should be placement of right person on the right table

Proper PSS should be done by the bank officials

Bank should have its own independent credit rating agency which should evaluate the financial capacity of the borrower before than credit facility

The credit rating agency should regularly evaluate the financial condition of the clients

There must be a separate department for NPAs recovery

Bank should increase the no staffs in the bank

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VELIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 94: Project Sbi

A set of question was prepared for bank officials to collect the feedback to determinetest whether the recommendation given by me to the bank to reduce NPA is valid or not For this I have taken the feedback of 50 officials

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 95: Project Sbi

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Answer

Fully satisfied partially satisfied not satisfied fully dissatisfied

DATA ANALYSIS

Altogether 50 branch officials were interviewed on the above parameters The data collected was as under

Table no 08

Que no

Suggestion Fully satisfied

Partially satisfied

Not satisfied

Fully dissatisfied

Total

01 Stress upon credit appraisal 32 14 04 00 50

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 96: Project Sbi

02 Credit should backed up with securitization

25 16 08 01 50

03 Create effectiveness in management of NPA

40 08 02 00 50

04 Proper monitoring of ac 42 08 00 00 5005 Bank should try their best to

recover NPA 38 09 02 01 50

06 Early determination of problem 47 03 00 00 5007 There must be a separate dept for

NPA recovery 39 06 03 02 50

08 Proper PSS before lending 50 00 00 00 5009 Placement of right people on right

table 24 12 08 06 50

10 Separate credit rating agency 28 10 08 04 50Total 365 86 35 14 500

Chart no 127

fully satisfied73

partially satisfied17

not satis-fied7

fully dissatisfied3

Conclusion As per the response of the officers 73 were fully satisfied which means that the recommendation given by me to reduce NPA is appropriate

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

CR Kothari research methodology New Delhi Vikash publication house Pvt Ltd2007

IBFC vision (a monthly newspaper of Indian institute of banking and finance)

Annual report of SBI 2012-13

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 97: Project Sbi

Websites

wwwgooglecoin

wwwwikianswercom

wwwsbicoin

wwwrbiorgin

httpenwikipediaorm

wwwaskcom

Xpress credit circular

ANNEXTURE

Bank officialrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Do you think that the borrowers are aware about NPA

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 98: Project Sbi

Question number 2

If the answer of question 2 Is yes than Do you think that lack of knowledge among the borrower regarding NPA is one of the reason for NPA

Question number 3 Do you think that external factors like willful defaulters industrial sickness and change in govt policy contribute to NPA

Question number 4

Do you think that internal factors like defective lending process poor credit appraisal system and managerial deficiency contribute to NPA

Question number 5

Do you think that inflation is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 6

Do you think that lack of PSS is also contributed to NPA

Question number 7

Do you think that increase in unwanted expenses of the borrower is one of the factor which contribute to NPA

Question number 8

Do you think that high rate of interest under Xpress credit also contributes to NPA

Question number 9

Do you think that lack of proper planning of the borrower is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 10

Is heavy borrowing also contributed to NPA

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 99: Project Sbi

Question number 11

Do you think that wrong selection of borrower is one of the factor contribute to NPA

Question number 12

Do you think that poor credit appraisal also contribute to NPA

Question number 13

Do you think that inflexible attitude of the bank toward the borrower also contribute to NPA

Question number 14

Do you think that system over load is also one of the causes of NPA

Question number 15

Do you think that poor follow-up is one of the reasons for NPA

Question number 16

What do you suggest to decrease the NPA level under Xpress credit

Borrowerrsquos questionnaire

Question number 1

Are you satisfied with the service provided by SBI

Question number 2

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 100: Project Sbi

Do you think that the rate of interest charged by SBI under xpress credit is high

Question number 3

Do you think that it is important to repay the loan on time

Question number 4

Have any of the officers visited your resident to verify your residential address

Question number 5

Have any of the official had visited your office to verify the office address

Question number 6

Are you aware about NPA

Question number 7

As your account is in NPA what the reason behind it is

QUESTIONNAIRE TO TEST THE VALIDATION OF RECOMMENDATION

Question no 1

Bank should give stress upon credit appraisal Is it is a proper recommendation to reduce NPA

Question no 2

The credit should be backed up with securitization Is it is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 101: Project Sbi

Question no 3

Bank should create effectiveness in management of NPAs Do you think it is an appropriate suggestion to reduce NPAs

Question no 4

Do you think that proper monitoring of ac should be adapted to reduce NPA

Question no 5

Bank should try their best to recover NPA Is it is a proper recommendation

Question no 6

Do you think that early determination of problem is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 7

Do you think that there must be a separate dept for NPA recovery

Question no 8

Do you think that proper PSS is an alternative to reduce NPA

Question no 9

Do you think placement of right person on right table is an alternative to reduce

Question no 10

Do you think bank should have its separate credit rating agency to determine the financial position of borrower

Page 102: Project Sbi