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PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea [email protected] http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/ ~acristea/

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Page 1: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems

Dr. Alexandra [email protected]

http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/

Page 2: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Outline

Page 3: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Previous summer school..

• Adaptation in e-Learning (what, when, how, where … etc.)

• Authoring (engineering) for adaptation– Framework (LAOS)– Tool (MOT)– Moving from metadata, ingredients .. to recipes

(adaptation strategies: LAG)

• And lots of fun … ☺

Page 4: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

This time …

• We presume we have the framework and structure –

• But we don’t want to do it by hand anymore

• From manual to automatic authoringFrom manual to automatic authoring

• And of course: lots of fun … ☺ .. But later

Page 5: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Short Reminder:Adaptive vs. adaptable

adaptable adaptive

personalized

User-tuned System-tuned

Page 6: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Short reminder

• LAOS, the framework for authoring

Page 7: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

LAOS authoring framework for AH:

• domain model (DM),

• goal and constraints model (GM),

• user model (UM),

• adaptation model (AM) and

• presentation model (PM)

Page 8: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Page 9: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Short reminder:

• LAG, the model for strategies

Page 10: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

LAG: Layers of Adaptation granularity

• lowest level: direct adaptation techniques: – adaptive navigation support & adaptive presentation (Brusilovsky

1996), implem.: AHA!; expressed in AHAM syntax– techniques usually based on threshold computations of variable-

value pairs.

• medium level: goal / domain-oriented adaptation techniques:– based on a higher level language that embraces primitive

low level adaptation techniques (wrapper)– new techniques: adaptation language (Calvi & Cristea 2002),

• high level: adaptation strategies– wrapping layers above– goal-oriented

Adaptation Assembly language

Adaptation Programming

language

Adaptation Function calls

Page 11: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Overall structure of the adaptation strategy// Description

// Variables

initialization ()

implementation ()

Page 12: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Motivation

Automatic authoring:• integration of a generic AH authoring

environment MOT into a semantic desktop environment

Page 13: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Automatic authoring

Page 14: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Why automatic authoring

• Make authoring task easier

• Manual annotation is bottleneck

• By integrating authoring environment into semantic desktop

Page 15: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Input Metadata Schema

Page 16: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Input Metadata Schema (Close-up)

Page 17: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Semantic Desktop• Desktop where everything is stored with

extra metadata• We uses RDF as storage format• Example RDF (also has an XML representation):

Publication

Conference

published At

Page 18: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Output metadata schema

Page 19: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

MOT: CAF example<domainmodel><concept><name>test</name>

<concept><name>tree</name>

<attribute><name>title</name>

<contents>tree</contents>

</attribute>

</concept>

</concept>

</domainmodel>

<goalmodel><lesson weight="0" label="">

<link weight="0" label="">test\tree\title</link>

</lesson></goalmodel>

Page 20: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Selection & Rank (concept oriented)

))((

))()((),(

akcard

akckcardcarank

where: rank(a,c) is the rank of article a with respect to the current domain concept c;k(c) is the set of keywords belonging to the current domain concept c;k(a) is the set of keywords belonging to the current article a;

select x from x {p} y where y like “*keyword”

Page 21: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Result

added materialadded material

Page 22: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

ADAPT projectADAPT project

MOTMOTAHA!AHA!

WHURLE, WHURLE, NottinghamNottingham

Blackboard, Blackboard, SouthamptonSouthampton

Page 23: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Ranking

• Concept oriented

• Article Oriented

where: rank(a,c) is the rank of article a with respect to the current domain concept c;k(c) is the set of keywords belonging to the current domain concept c;k(a) is the set of keywords belonging to the current article a; |S| = the cardinality of the set S, for a given set S.

||

||

k(c)

k(a)k(c)=c)rank(a,

||

||

k(a)

k(a)k(c)=c)rank(a,

Page 24: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Conclusions: automatic authoring• semantic desktop is a rich source of

metadata about resources as well as relationships between these resources

• here, it provides automatically generated metadata describing publications and other materials relevant for an advanced course

Page 25: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Conclusion• A teacher for every student?

– Yes, it’s possible with adaptation

• Not doing it all by hand as an author– Yes, in combination with SD & SW developments

• Research areas in authoring of adaptive eLearning:– Models, patterns, standards– Visualization of components & processes– Automatic production and reuse: static & dynamic– Interfacing: conversions, module-based, query-based – Adaptive testing– Business models

Page 26: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Further reading & events• Upcoming: A3H@UM’07; ICALT’07 workshops, tutorial; Practical Hypertext

track@Hypertext’07: announced on my homepage (www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea)• 4th A3H,A3EH@AH’06 Workshop: http://www.win.tue.nl/~acristea/A3H/• 3rd A3EH@AIED’05 workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/AAAEH05/AIED2005.htm • 2nd A3EH@AH’04 workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/AH04/workshopAH.htm• 1st A3EH@WBE workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/WBE/• International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Education Technology and Society", Special

Issue on Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia • Papers:

– http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~maurice/publications.html– 2005, “Automatic Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia (copy here) “, book chapter to

appear in "Web-Based Intelligent e-Learning Systems: Technologies and Applications", Zongmin Ma. IDEA Publishing group; authors: A. Cristea and C. Stewart

– 2005, “Authoring of Adaptive Hypermedia; Adaptive Hypermedia and Learning Environments (copy here) “, book chapter to appear in "Advances in Web-based Education: Personalized Learning Environments", Sherry Y. Chen and Dr. George D. Magoulas. IDEA Publishing group; authors: A. Cristea

– 2005, “Patterns in Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia: A Taxonomy of Learning Styles (copy here) “ , International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Education Technology and Society", Special Issue on Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia, July 2005 (Volume 8, Issue 3). authors: Elizabeth Brown, Alexandra Cristea, Craig Stewart and Tim Brailsford

– - 2004, “What can the Semantic Web do for Adaptive Educational Hypermedia? (copy here) “ International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Educational Technology and Society" 7(4), Special Issue on Ontologies and the Semantic Web for E-learning, IEEE, LTSC, pp 40-58. author: A. Cristea

Page 27: PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk

PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

Workshop• Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems• Time: 14:00 – 15:30• The workshop will allow hands-on experience with

creating adaptive eLearning: data, meta-data and adaptation strategies based on pedagogical foundations.

• http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/• http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/summerschool2007/