Human RightsPart 2 of the Core - (2) Promoting and

Enforcing Human Rights

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Main Syllabus Points

Hint: know your syllabus and you

will be a step ahead when it

comes to test time

Nation States in the WorldState – an independent country. There are 4 main categories:

Defined territory Permanent population Effective government Ability to enter into international relations

Nation – a people that share common heritage, language or culture Arguably 196 countries in the world 193 members of the United Nations There are 3 missing...

Source:Montevideo convention of nation states 1933 (TREATY)

Vatican CityObserver Status of the United

Nations

Yes they have a really small flag!!!

KosovoDeclared Independence from Serbia in 2008. Not recognised by the UN

Yes they have a map of

their land in their flag!!!

Taiwan

Replaced in 1971 by Peoples Republic of

China (Mainland) in the UN

Taiwan has an individual

Olympic team

Has the characteristics of

a state but its international

status is disputed.

Some countries recognise Taiwan

as a state but China still claims it as a territory

Taiwan Seeks UN

South SudanBecame an official country on 9th July

2011

3 days later it became the 193rd member of the United Nations

Disputed AreasPuerto Rico, Bermuda, Greenland,

Palestine(Received observer status 2012), Western Sahara

These areas are sometimes referred as countries but are controlled by

other nation states

There are also many examples of territory disputes e.g Kashmir region india, tibet China, Senkaku islands (Japan-China)

Independence South Sudan

State Sovereignty

Definition: The supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which an independent state is governed and from which all specific political powers are derived; the intentional independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign interference

State Sovereignty can either promote or impede human rights of a country’s citizens

What is this picture trying to show?

Discussion Point:

And These?

Finally this......

With the ratification of International Humanitarian Law human rights can be protected in nation states. Some countries automatically make IL into DL (France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden and The Netherlands)

Nation States that refuse to sign International Law can block certain rights to be given to their citizens

States without democratic systems may rely on sovereignty as a legal means to mistreat their own citizens In 2004, Amnesty International reported that only the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Costa Rica do not violate IHL

Countries with Human Rights Violations

Australia Asylum Seekers, Indigenous People

Russia Chechnya, Prison Torture

China Tibet, Censorship

Rwanda Genocide

Singapore Political Censorship, Capital Punishment

France Police Abuse, Detention conditions

USA Capital Punishment

United Kingdom Racial discrimination, Privacy Issues

Sudan Ethnic Cleansing, Child Soldiers, darfur

Israel Palestine, The Wall

Human Rights Report USA