prompting users to facilitate support needs in collaborative reflection
TRANSCRIPT
Scalable & cost-effective facilitationof professional identity transformationin public employment services
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 619619
Prompting users to facilitatesupport needs in collaborative reflection
Oliver Blunk, Michael Prilla
Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany
{oliver.blunk, michael.prilla}@rub.de
www.employid.eu
Content
Reflection
Prompting to facilitate reflection
Prototype
Planned evaluation
Conclusion & Outlook
2
www.employid.eu
Starting point
(Boud, Keogh, Walker 1985)
3
Behavior
Ideas
Feelings
Returning to
experience
Attending to
feelings
Re-evaluating
experience
New perspectives
Change in
behavior
Readiness for
application
Commitment to
action
Experience(s)Reflective
processOutcomes
Critical / counterfactual
thinking
www.employid.eu
Collaborative reflection & support needs
4
Behavior
Ideas
Feelings
Returning to
experience
Attending to
feelings
Re-evaluating
experience
New
perspectives
Change in
behavior
Readiness for
application
Commitment to
action
Experience(s)Reflective
process Outcomes
Articulating, sharing
(similar) experience(s)
Articulating, sharing
insights / outcomesShared perspectives,
shared understanding
Coordinating and embedding
group processes of
reflection into work
Critical / counterfactual
thinking
Inference,
abstraction
Boud (1985)
www.employid.eu
There is need for facilitation:• Asking questions
• Moderation
• Asking feedback
• Communication between people
Barriers to reflection:
• People getting stuck while reflecting
Facilitation needs and barriers
5
www.employid.eu
Computer-supported reflective learning model
(Krogstie, Prilla, Pammer 2013)
Advantages:
• Reflection split up in stages
• Clear inputs and outputs for each stage
• Designers can specifically support various stages and inputs/outputs
6
www.employid.eu
TalkReflect @ MIRROR
Previous studies & Current studies
7
Our work at ECTEL 2015• ‘Reflection as a Plugin’ => Poster session on Wednesday
• Co-flection concept => Session 3B on Thursday
Codename Rotterdam @ EmployID
www.employid.eu
• Factors benefiting reflection:• Arguing from experiences rather than giving plain advice
• Sharing emotions
• Asking questions
What does facilitation need to do? Insights from our previous studies
8
www.employid.eu
• Personal definition: Prompts is an event containing a cue, which stimulates a behavior (but doesn’t enforce it) on a trigger based, random or periodic basis
• Different from notification or awareness mechanism
• Careful design required• Long prompts elicit long answers
• Long prompts elicit fewer answers
• Prompts are being used as a scaffold to support activities in individual and collaborative reflection
• Prompts as facilitators
• Context-specific
Prompts as a scaffold
9
www.employid.eu
Prototype
10
www.employid.eu
Concept –Goals and Examples
11
Goal Example
G1: Document surprising experiences in daily work
What did surprise you in your daily work lately? Why?
G2: Set the objective What is it you want to know from your colleagues? Ask them a specific question!
G3: Involve others Who of your colleagues might help you in this? Mention him in your post to notify him or her (@username).
G4: Support individual reflection while sharing What has happened? Is there already something you learned from it?
G5: Elicit problem description Help your colleagues understand your problem: Try to describe what things you already tried to solve your issue!
G6: Get people to explicitly link to their experiences rather than giving plain advice
Suggestions are most helpful if they are based on your experience!
G7: Single Loop Learning What have you learned regarding this topic so far from this discussion?
G8: Double Loop Learning What have you learned so far on an abstract level?
G9: Check whether stage has been reached Do you have an idea from this discussion how to change your approach to the topic? If not, phrase a new question
G10: Plan application of reflection outcome How do you want to implement the suggestions of your colleagues?
G11: Check application of outcomes of a previous reflection cycle
Did your plan work? What are your experiences with the change? Tell your colleagues about it.
G12: Train people how reflection works best What happened in that situation? How do you think about it now? How do you plan to handle similar situation in future?
G13: Support people to feel safe in the environment
You can also use the post-anonymously button if you think that you are judged.Don’t only directly criticize your colleagues. Show them also what he/she did correctly.
www.employid.eu
Reflection & Model
12
G1: Document surprising experiences
in daily work
G3: Involve others
G6: Explicitly link to experiences rather than giving plain
advice
G10: Plan application of
reflection outcome
Example: What did surprise you in your daily work lately?
Why?
www.employid.eu
Reflection & Model
13
G1: Document surprising experiences
in daily work
G3: Involve others
G6: Explicitly link to experiences rather than giving plain
advice
G10: Plan application of
reflection outcome
Example: Who of your colleagues might help you in this? Mention him in your post to notify him or
her (@username)
www.employid.eu
Reflection & Model
14
G1: Document surprising experiences
in daily work
G3: Involve others
G6: Explicitly link to experiences rather than giving plain
advice
G10: Plan application of
reflection outcome
Example: Suggestions are most helpful if they are based on your experience!
www.employid.eu
Reflection & Model
15
G1: Document surprising experiences
in daily work
G3: Involve others
G6: Explicitly link to experiences rather than giving plain
advice
G10: Plan application of
reflection outcome
Example: How do you want to implement the suggestions of your colleagues?
www.employid.eu
Leading Questions
• Do the prompts change the behavior of the participants?
• Does more reflection occur in the discussion threads?
• Which prompts help facilitating reflection the most?
• Are there any long-term learning effects following the display of prompts?
• Which binding character works best?
Evaluation setting
• Groups of 10-100 counsellors in public employment services
• Community of practice setting
• Experience exchanges between counsellors
Evaluation
16
www.employid.eu
Possible extension of the concept
Sustaining Reflectivity
Linking to creativity support Setting goals individually…
…or as a group
18
www.employid.eu
• Concept shown for specific facilitation for various aspects of (collaborative) reflection
• (First ideas on extensions)
• First study starting in October
• Open challenges:• How to detect discussion context to map goals?
• How to automatically detect phases of reflection?
• What criteria should be used to scale back prompts?
Conclusion & Outlook
19
www.employid.eu
Thank you
Oliver Blunk
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Universitätsstr. 150
44780 Bochum
Tel: +49-234-322045
Email: [email protected]
http://www.imtm-iaw.rub.de
Dr. Michael Prilla
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Universitätsstr. 150
44780 Bochum
Tel: +49-234-3227735
E-Mail: [email protected]
http://www.imtm-iaw.rub.de/
20