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Page 2: Pronouns - Weeblymishrikyenglish.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/4/38246157/pronouns.pdfpersonal pronouns reflexive pronouns Intensive pronouns reciprocal pronouns *demonstrative pronouns

Terms

*pronoun

*antecedent

personal pronouns

reflexive pronouns

Intensive pronouns

reciprocal pronouns

*demonstrative pronouns

*relative pronouns

*indefinite pronouns

*These are significant as they apply to your writing. You will need to understand how to use these in a sentence.

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Definitions

Pronouns are words that stand for nouns or for

words that take the place of nouns.

They help writers and speakers avoid awkward

repetition of nouns.

Antecedents are nouns to which pronouns refer.

Pronouns take their meaning from these words.

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*Pronouns & Antecedents

Michael said he lost his watch at the fair.

When the Lees moved, they gave their pets to me.

Attending the state fair is tiring, but it is fun.

Because of its carnival, Rottwell, Germany is my

favorite city.

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Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns refer to the person speaking

(first person), the person spoken to (second

person), or the person, place, or thing spoken

about (third person).

Personal Pronouns

Singular Plural

First Person I me my mine

we, us our, ours

Second Person you your, yours

you your, yours

Third Person he, him, his she, her, hers It its

they, them their, theirs

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Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns

A reflexive pronoun ends in –self or –selves and

indicates that someone or something in the

sentence acts for or on itself.

A reflexive pronoun is essential to the meaning of

the sentence.

An intensive pronoun ends in –self or –selves and

simply adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun in the

sentence.

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Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns

singular plural

first person myself ourselves

second person yourself yourselves

third person himself, herself, itself themselves

< Reflexive or Intensive?

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Examples

Reflexive The settlers prepared themselves for the

approaching winter.

…acting as a direct object: The settlers prepared

who or what? The settlers prepared themselves.

Intensive John Smith himself wrote an account of the

meeting.

In the second example, you can omit the pronoun and

retain the meaning of the sentence. In the first, you can

not.

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Reciprocal Pronouns

Reciprocal pronouns show a mutual action or

relationship.

Each other and one another refer to a plural

antecedent. They express a mutual action or

relationship.

The two dogs shook water all over each other.

The class collected autographs from one another.

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Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask a question.

Sometimes the antecedent is not known.

what, which, who,

whom, & whose

Who let the dogs out?

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*Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns are used to point out

one or more nouns. They direct attention to a

specific person, place, or thing.

There are only four!!

Demonstrative Pronouns

singular plural

this, that these, those

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Examples

Demonstrative pronouns may come before or

after their antecedents.

Before That is the ranch I would like to own.

After I hope to visit Butte and Helena. Those

are my first choices.

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*This, That, These, Those: Pronoun or Determiner?

As you learned, this, that, these, and those can

all be determiners in a noun phrase. So, how do

you know if they are acting as determiners or as

a pronoun?

Determiner: A noun will directly follow, and it

answers the question, “Which one(s)?”

EX: this potato, these strange Freshman

Pronoun: It will act as a subject or object

EX: That was easy! I would never buy those.

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*Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns are used to relate one idea in a sentence to another. These pronouns introduce an adjective clause and connect the clause to the word that the clause modifies.

Sound familiar? You learned about these as one way to fix fragment sentences that lack a subject by affixing predicates onto another sentence.

relative pronouns

that which who whom whose

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Examples

We read a book that contained an account of

the settler’s experiences.

The settlers who had written it described their

hardships.

The winter, which they knew would be harsh, was

fast approaching.

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*Comma Use: that v. which

Do not use commas with “that”.

“That” introduces restrictive clauses that give you more specific

information about a noun (Which noun?), so the clause is

necessary and does not take a comma.

EX: The blouse that I bought yesterday already ripped!

The relative clause gives you more specific information about

which blouse is being discussed.

Do use commas with “which”

“Which” introduces a non-restrictive clauses that give more

information about an already specified noun.

EX: This blouse, which I just bought yesterday, already ripped!

It is already clear which blouse is being discussed (this blouse),

so the clause is just giving extra, unnecessary information.

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*Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns sometimes lack a specific antecedent and refer to a person, place, or thing that may or may not be specifically named.

It’s important to know which are singular or plural so your pronouns and antecedent agree!

Indefinite Pronouns

singular plural both

another everyone nothing both all

anybody everything one few any

anything much somebody many more

each neither someone others most

either nobody something several none

everybody no one some

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Indefinite Pronouns

Sometimes have antecedents: no specific antecedent Many have visited Gettysburg. specific antecedent One of the students sang. Can also function as adjectives: adjective Few orchestras are famous.

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*Pronoun Antecedent Agreement

Pronouns must agree with their antecedents in both gender and number.

Correct the following sentences if needed. Be aware of indefinite pronouns!

1. The student must complete the project, then they have to evaluate it.

2. All of the baseball players ran their hardest at practice.

3. Everyone for themselves!

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Pronoun Practice

Complete Exercises

1.1C, 1.1D, 1.1E, 1.1F

on pages 10 & 11

Prentice Hall Grammar Handbook

Complete Exercises

1.1 G, 1.1H

on page 13

Prentice Hall Grammar Handbook