pronunciation and spelling spellings onemany sounds one1 2 many3 4 ?

Pronunciation and Spelling

Spellings

One Many

Sounds

One 1 2 Many 3 4 ?

Different Ways to Spell /i/ (# 2 above)

Did he believe that Caesar could see the

people seize the seas?

The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.

Different Ways to Pronounce ‘a’(# 3 above)

My father wanted many a village dame badly.


More Pronunciation and Spelling Quirks 1

Two letters representing one sound

shoot character Thomas physics

either deal rough nation

coat glacial theater plain


Silent letters

mnemonic autumn resign ghost

pterodactyl write hole corps

psychology sword debt gnaw

bough lamb island knot



Missing sounds

cute (vs. coot)

futile (vs. rule)

utility (vs. Uzbekistan)

one (like won)



Phonetic Alphabet for English


• See Table 4.1 on p. 193.

Mandarin Consonants

See handout.

Mandarin Consonants

葉蜚聲，徐通 ? 。語言學綱要。台北：書林出版有限公司， 1993 ，第 74 頁。

Basic Mandarin Vowels

See handout.

Pinyin NPS IPA

National Phonetic Symbols Initials 1

National Phonetic Symbols Initials 2

Pinyin NPS IPA

National Phonetic Symbols Finals 1

Pinyin NPS IPA

National Phonetic Symbols Finals 2

Pinyin NPS IPA

? ü

Phonetic Systems in Taiwan

Traditional (Wade-Giles) Guoyu Luomazi ( 國語羅馬字 ) National Phonetic Symbols ( 注音符號 )

Hanyu pinyin ( 漢語拼音 )New NPS (Romanized 注音符號 )

Tongyong pinyin ( 通用拼音 )

The Vocal Tract

See Figure 4.1 on p. 196.


Place of Articulation

Bilabial

Labiodental

Interdental

Alveolar

Palatal

Velar

GlottalFromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 195-197.

Manner of Articulation

Voiced / Voiceless

Aspirated / Unaspirated

Nasal / Oral

Stops / Fricatives / Affricates

Liquids

Glides

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 197-204.

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 7) 1

a. bath [ ] bathe [ ]

b. reduce [ s ] reduction [ k ]

c. cool [ u ] cold [ o ]

d. wife [ f ] wives [ v ]

e. cats [ s ] dogs [ z ]

f. impolite [ m ] indecent [ n ]


a. consonant, oral, stop, [voiced / voiceless pairs]

b. vowel, back, rounded, non-low

c. vowel, front, unrounded

d. consonant, oral, voiceless, obstruent

e. consonant, voiced

f. consonant, coronal

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 9)

Chapter on Phonetics In-Class Exercise (Ex 10) 1

a. Noam Chomsky is a linguist who teaches at MIT.

b. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds.

c. All spoken languages use sounds produced by the upper respiratory system.

d. In one dialect of English cot the noun and caught the verb are pronounced the same.

e. Some people think phonetics is very interesting.

f. Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams are the authors of this book.

Chapter on Phonetics In-Class Exercise (Ex 10) 2

Column A Column Ba. front back (rounded) [AB all high]

b. voiceless voiced [AB pairs same PoA]

c. labial NOT labials: OTHER

d. high NOT high (mid or low)

e. continuants noncontinuants

(fricatives) (affricates )

f. NOT back back

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 11)

a. [ h ] [ ] yes voiceless

b. [ r ] [ w ] yes voiced

c. [ m ] [ ] yes nasal

d. [ ] [ v ] yes voiced

e. [ r ] [ t ] no? [oral]


f. [ f ] [ ʃ ] yes voiceless

g. [ k ] [ ] yes voiceless

h. [ s ] [ g ] no? [oral]

i. [ j ] [ w ] yes glide

j. [ j ] [ ʤ ] no? [oral]


pronunciation and spelling spellings onemany sounds one1 2 many3 4 ?

Documents

robert rodman nina hyams

cengage learning

u u y slide

ou eng e slide

p p h t t h

cool u cold o slide

n n h h f f

english fromkin