1. PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUESHOW DO WE GET PEOPLE TO DO WHAT WE WANT?

2. Propaganda Techniques There are eleven techniques that are commonly used to get others to do what we want them to do. They are:1. Testimonials2. Bandwagon 7. Transfer3. Card8. Simplification/Stereoty Stacking/Selective ping Omission9. Assertion4. Glittering Generalities 10.Lesser of two evils5. Plain Folks 11.Pinpointing the enemy6. Name Calling 3. 1. TESTIMONIALS Testimonials are quotations or endorsements, in or out of context, which attempt to connect a famous or respectable person with a product or item. 4. 2. Bandwagon Bandwagon is an appeal to follow the crowd, tojoin in because others are as well. Bandwagonpropaganda is trying to convince the subject thatone side is the winning side, because morepeople have joined it. The subject is meant tobelieve that since so many people have joined,that victory is guaranteed. The subject is to be convinced by the propagandathat since everyone else is doing it, they will beleft out if they do not. 5. 3. Card Stacking or SelectiveOmission It involves only presenting information that is positive to an idea or proposal and omitting information contrary to it. Card stacking is used in almost all forms of propaganda, and is extremely effective in convincing the public. The best way to deal with card stacking is to get more information 6. 4. Glittering Generalities It also occurs very often in politics and politicalpropaganda. Glittering generalities are words thathave positive meaning for people. When thesewords are used, they demand approval withoutthinking, simply because such an importantconcept is involved. For example, when a person is asked to dosomething in "defense of democracy" they aremore likely to agree. Words often used asglittering generalities are honor, glory, love ofcountry, and especially in the United States,freedom. 7. 5. Plain Folks A method used to convince the public that apersons views reflect those of the commonperson and that they are also working for thebenefit of the common person. The person will often attempt to use the accent ofa specific audience as well as using specificidioms or jokes or may attempt to increase theillusion through imperfect pronunciation,stuttering, and a more limited vocabulary. Errorssuch as these help add to the impression ofsincerity and spontaneity. 8. 6. Name Calling It is the use of derogatory language or words that carry a negative connotation when describing an enemy. Often, name calling is employed using sarcasm and ridicule, and shows up often in political cartoons or writings. 9. 7. Transfer Transfer is often used in politics and duringwartime. It is an attempt to make the subject viewa certain item in the same way as they viewanother item. Although this technique is oftenused to transfer negative feelings for one objectto another, it can also be used in positive ways. By linking an item to something the subjectrespects or enjoys, positive feelings can begenerated for it. However, in politics, transfer ismost often used to transfer blame or bad feelingsfrom one politician to another of his friends orparty members, or even to the party itself. 10. 8. Simplification or Stereotyping This method often reduces a complex situation to a clear-cut choice involving good and evil. This technique is often useful in swaying uneducated audiences. 11. 9. Assertion An enthusiastic or energetic statement presentedas a fact, although it is not necessarily true. Any time an advertiser states that their product isthe best without providing evidence. The subject, ideally, should simply agree to thestatement without searching for additionalinformation or reasoning. Assertions, althoughusually simple to spot, are often dangerous formsof propaganda because they often includefalsehoods or lies. 12. 10. Lesser of two evils This method tries to convince us of an idea orproposal by presenting it as the least offensiveoption. This technique is often implementedduring wartime to convince people of the need forsacrifices or to justify difficult decisions. This technique is often accompanied by addingblame on an enemy country or political group. One idea or proposal is often depicted as one ofthe only options or paths. 13. 11. Pinpointing the Enemy This method is used often during wartime, and also in political campaigns and debates. This is an attempt to simplify a complex situation by presenting one specific group or person as the enemy.