properties and performance of textiles. fabric is made up of yarns, which are made from fibres....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Properties and Performance of Textiles. Fabric is made up of yarns, which are made from fibres. Fibres and yarns are interlaces (woven), interlooped](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022072010/56649dd15503460f94ac7dbf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Yarn StructureProperties and Performance of Textiles
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Looking Back
Fabric is made up of yarns, which are made from fibres. Fibres and yarns are interlaces (woven), interlooped (knitted) or bonded together (non-woven) to make fabrics.
Yarns are the basic components of all fabric construction excluding non-wovens.
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How fabric is produced
FibresAre the raw material used to make
textile items. They are spun or twisted together to make yarns.
YarnsAre made from fibres either natural or man-made. They are interlaced, interloped or bonded together to
make fabrics.
FabricsAre made from yarns . Different types of fabric are produced by different methods of joining the
yarns or fibres together.
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Types of Yarns
Staple spun• Made from cotton, wool or manufactured fibres cut into short lengths.
• Properties Usually weak and uneven with poor lustre and durability. Good elasticity, resiliency and absorbency.
• End –uses Apparel and furnishings
Monofilament• Made from one filament of a manufactured fibre such as rayon or polyester
• Properties Fine strong yarn with good durability and lustre. Inelastic, poor resiliency and absorbency.
• End-uses Hosiery and invisible sewing thread.
Multifilament• Made from 2 or more filaments of a manufactured fibre, such as rayon, polyester or nylon.
• Properties Even, strong yarn with good lustre and durability.
• End-uses evening wear and lingerie.
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Yarn twist
The purpose of twisting the fibres is to hold them together.
The twist is the most important factor in determining properties.
Without twist , yarns have little strength.
A ply yarn is formed by twisting 2 or more simple yarns together.
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Low twist vs high twist
FirmSmooth
Good LustreGood Resiliency
StrongGood abrasion resistance
Poor insulationPoor absorbencyGood ElasticityQuick Drying
SoftHairy
Low lustrePoor resiliency
WeakPoor abrasion resistance
Good insulationGood absorbency
Slow drying
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Types of Spinning
STAPLE SPINNING
Turns short fibres such as cotton or wool into yarns.
Fibres are carded or combed in cotton production.
Woollen and worsten processing refers to wool yarn production.
EXTRUSION SPINNING
Creates yarns by pushing a fibre forming substance through a spinneret.
The substance will the solidify and form a fibre.
Rayon, nylon and polyester are created by this method.
There are 2 types of extrusion spinning – Wet Spinning and Melt Spinning
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Activities
1. Describe the difference between:a) melt and wet spinningb) woollen and worsted yarnsc) combed and carded yarns
2. Choose 1 natural fibre and 1 manufactured fibre. Using your own words and diagrams, create a flow chart on bubbl.us that shows the spinning process from fibre to yarn.
3. Research how to hand spin yarns and use woolen fibres create your own yarn