properties of acids and bases green & damjii – chapter 8 – section 2 chang - chapter 15...
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Properties of Acids and BasesGreen & Damjii – Chapter 8 – Section 2
Chang - Chapter 15
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Acids
Have a sour taste.
• Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid: CH3COOH • Citrus fruits contain citric acid: C(CH2COOH)2(COOH)OH
4.3
Are corrosive.
• so don’t taste them!
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Acids
Have a pH < 7, and interact with indicators…
• Litmus
• Phenolpthalein
• Universal Indicator Soln
4.3http://depts.uwc.edu/chemistry/helpful_files/indicators.jpg
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Acids
React with active* metals to produce hydrogen gas.
4.3
active* metals are those above H+ in the reactivity series – see p. 246.
Ex1: magnesium + hydrochloric acid
Ex 2: magnesium + sulfuric acid
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AcidsReact with active* metals to produce hydrogen gas.
4.3
active* metals are those above H+ in the reactivity series – see p. 246.
http://cathodic--protection.blogspot.com/2009/08/fundamental-of-corrosion.html
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AcidsReact with base (metal oxide or metal hydroxide) to produce a salt and water.
4.3
Ex 3: nitric acid + copper(ll) oxide
Ex 4: phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide
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Acids
React with metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas
4.3
Ex 5: hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc carbonate:
Ex 6: ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate:
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Common Acids (memorize)
hydrochloric acid HClsulfuric acid H2SO4nitric acid HNO3
ethanoic (or acetic) acid CH3COOHwater H2Ohydrofluoric acid HFphosphoric acid H3PO4
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Solutions of bases are called alkalis…• bitter taste• feel slippery
Many soaps contain bases.
Bases
4.3
? Any substance that neutralizes an acid ?• metal oxides • metal hydroxides• metal carbonates• ammonia• amines
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Bases
Have a pH > 7, and interact with indicators…
• Litmus
• Phenolpthalein
• Universal Indicator Soln
4.3http://depts.uwc.edu/chemistry/helpful_files/indicators.jpg
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Bases
React with acids to produce a salt and water
4.3
Ex 7: calcium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid:
Ex 8: calcium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid:
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Common Bases(memorize)
sodium hydroxide NaOHpotassium hydroxide KOHbarium hydroxide Ba(OH)2
ammonia NH3
water H2Oethyl amine CH3 CH2NH2
ammonium hydroxide NH4OH
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Textwork…
Read Section 8.2 - P 212• Properties of Acids and Bases
Do Ex 8.2 p 212 # 1, 2, 3a-f