Properties of Matter and Properties of Matter and the Analysis of Glassthe Analysis of Glass

Types of GlassTypes of Glass

How is Glass Formed?How is Glass Formed?

Glass is made by heating sand with Glass is made by heating sand with various metal oxides and cooling to various metal oxides and cooling to an amorphous solid. an amorphous solid.

Soda (sodium carbonate-NaSoda (sodium carbonate-Na22COCO33) is ) is added to lower the melting point, added to lower the melting point, making it easier to work withmaking it easier to work with

Metal oxides are added to prevent Metal oxides are added to prevent the glass from dissolving in water.the glass from dissolving in water.

Soda-Lime GlassSoda-Lime Glass

Calcium oxide is Calcium oxide is added as the metal added as the metal oxideoxide

Soda-lime glass is Soda-lime glass is used for windows used for windows and bottlesand bottles

Float GlassFloat Glass

Soda-lime glass Soda-lime glass made by cooling on made by cooling on top of a bath of top of a bath of molten tinmolten tin

Used to Used to manufacture manufacture windowswindows

BorosilicatesBorosilicates

Boron oxide is Boron oxide is added at the metal added at the metal oxideoxide

This gives the glass This gives the glass exceptional heat exceptional heat resistance.resistance.

Used to make auto Used to make auto headlights, pyrex, headlights, pyrex, lab glassware, lab glassware, thermometers, thermometers, cookwarecookware

Tempered GlassTempered Glass

Stress is introduced Stress is introduced by rapid heating by rapid heating and cooling of the and cooling of the glass surfacesglass surfaces

When broken, this When broken, this type of glass type of glass fragments rather fragments rather than shatters.than shatters.

Used for side and Used for side and rear windows in rear windows in automobilesautomobiles

Laminated GlassLaminated Glass

A layer of plastic is A layer of plastic is sandwiched between sandwiched between two layers of glasstwo layers of glass

This makes the glass This makes the glass strong and resistant strong and resistant to shatteringto shattering

When broken…spider When broken…spider web cracking patternweb cracking pattern

Used in automobile Used in automobile windshields.windshields.

Leaded GlassLeaded Glass

Lead oxide is added Lead oxide is added as the metal oxide.as the metal oxide.

Lead gives the glass Lead gives the glass higher density, and higher density, and therefore, different therefore, different refraction refraction characteristics.characteristics.

Used for decorative Used for decorative glassesglasses

Bulletproof glassBulletproof glass Made by combining Made by combining

several layers of glass several layers of glass with different with different hardness.hardness.

¾ to 3 inches in ¾ to 3 inches in thicknessthickness

Softer layers of glass Softer layers of glass make the glass more make the glass more flexible.flexible.

Each layer must have Each layer must have the same refractive the same refractive index to make the index to make the glass transparentglass transparent