PROPERTIES OF PERIODIC TABLE

GROUP 1:ALKALI METALSHTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=UIXXJTJPVXK

• Group 1- all the way on left side (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)• Properties:• All metals• Very reactive –never found alone in nature• Good conductors of energy• Shiny• Solid at room temp• Low densities

• Valence electrons: 1• Uses:• Sodium is in salt• Lithium is in batteries• Potassium to help bone growth- in bananas

• Can be good or bad.

GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS

• Group 2- 2nd from left side (Be, Mg, Ca, Br, Ba, Ra)• Properties:• reactive• Good conductors of energy• Shiny• Solid at room temp• Low densities

• Valence electrons: 2• Uses:• Calcium helps with bone growth and strength• Used to build airplane parts• Used in medicine-barium, radium

• Can be good or bad.

GROUP 3-12: TRANSITION METALS

• Group 3-12-middle of the periodic table• Properties:• reactive• Good conductors of energy• Shiny• Solid at room temp• Low densities • Many are radioactive

• Valence electrons: 1-2:• it depends on the element

• Uses:• Jewelry-gold, silver, platinum, copper• Artificial bones, surgical procedures• Electronics

• Can be good or bad.

LANTHANIDE AND ACTINIDES (TRANSITION METALS)

• Two rows at bottom of periodic table• Properties:• reactive• Good conductors of energy• Shiny• Solid at room temp, except Mercury (he’s a liquid)• Low densities

• Valence electrons: 1-2- it depends on the element• Uses:• Nuclear power plants (for example Uranium)• Light bulbs and tv’s

• Can be good or bad.

GROUP 13: BORON GROUP

• Group 13-by zigzag line (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl)• Properties:• 1 metalloid that acts more like metal (Boron)• Rest are metals:• Good conductors of energy• Shiny• Solid at room temp, Low densities

• Valence electrons: 3• Uses:• Dinnerware• Airplane and car parts• Boron-medicinal

• Can be good or bad.

GROUP 14: CARBON GROUP

• Group 14-by zigzag line (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb)• Properties:• Solid• Mixture of metalloids (Si, and Ge)• Metals (Sn, Pb)• Nonmetals (C)

• Valence electrons: 4• Uses:• Carbon-in every living thing, diamonds, graphite• Tin- canned food• Lead-plumbing (until it was found to be poisonous• Germanium-computer chips

• Can be good or bad.

GROUP 15: NITROGEN GROUP

• Group 15-by zigzag line (N, P, As, Sb, Bi)• Properties:• All are solid except N (it’s a gas at room temperature)• Mixture of metalloids (As, and Sb)-act more like nonmetals• Metals (Bi)• Nonmetals (N)-gas

• Valence electrons: 5• Uses:• Matches (phosphorus)• Rat poison and pesticides (arsenic)• Nitrous oxide, atmosphere (nitrogen)• Stomach issues (bismuth)

• Can be good or bad.

GROUP 16: OXYGEN GROUP

• Group 16-by zigzag line (O, S, Se, Te, Po)• Properties:• Nonmetals- Oxygen, sulfur, and selenium• Metalloids- tellurium• Metals- Polonium

• Valence electrons: 6• Uses:• Oxygen- we need to breath, necessary for things to burn• Selenium-help with bad cholesterol• Sulfur-gives rotten eggs their smell, can be made into strong

acid

• Can be good or bad.

GROUP 17: HALOGEN GROUP

• Group 17-2nd from the right (F, Cl, Br, I, At)• Properties:• Very reactive• F, and Cl are gases• Poor conductors of electricity• Are not found by themselves in nature• Like to bond with Group 1 (Alkali metals) to form salts

• Valence electrons: 7• Uses:• Toothpaste for tooth strength• Disinfectants/antiseptics• Sterilization of water

• Can be good or bad.

GROUP 18: NOBLE GASES GROUP

• Group 18-All the way on the right (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)• Properties:• NOT reactive• Do not bond unless forced to• Odorless• Colorless (unless you run electricity through it)• Gas form

• Valence electrons: full shell, that means 8 for everyone except He (he only had 2)

• Uses:• Neon lights• Light bulbs• Filling balloons

• Can be good or bad.

HYDROGEN

• ALL BY ITSELF- over the alkali metals on left side of table• Properties:• Very reactive• Odorless• Colorless (unless you run electricity through it)• Gas form

• Valence electrons: 1• Uses:• Rocket fuel• Stars• Atmosphere• water

• Can be good or bad.