properties of rational numbers
DESCRIPTION
Properties of Rational Numbers. Algebra and Functions 1.3 Simplify Numerical expressions by applying properties of rational numbers (e.g. identity, inverse, distributive, associative, commutative). Math Objective: Understand and distinguish between the commutative and associative properties. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Properties of Rational Numbers
Properties of Rational Numbers
Algebra and Functions 1.3Simplify Numerical expressions by
applying properties of rational numbers (e.g. identity, inverse, distributive,
associative, commutative)
Algebra and Functions 1.3Simplify Numerical expressions by
applying properties of rational numbers (e.g. identity, inverse, distributive,
associative, commutative)
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Math Objective:Understand and distinguish between the commutative and associative properties
Math Objective:Understand and distinguish between the commutative and associative properties
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Five Properties of Rational Numbers
Five Properties of Rational Numbers
1. Commutative
2. Associative
3. Identity
4. Inverse
5. Distributive
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The Commutative PropertyThe Commutative Property
• Background– The word commutative comes from the
verb “to commute.”– Definition on dictionary.com
• Commuting means changing, replacing, or exchanging
– People who travel back and forth to work are called commuters.• Traffic Reports given during rush hours are
also called commuter reports.
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Here are two families of commuters.Here are two families of commuters.
Commuter A
Commuter B
Commuter A
Commuter B
Commuter A & Commuter B changed lanes.
Remember… commute means to change.
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Home School
Would the distance from Home to School and then from school to home change?
Home + School = School + HomeHome + School = School + Home
H + S = S + HH + S = S + H
A + B = B + AA + B = B + A
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3 groups of 5 =
=
15 kids =15 kids
3 x 5 5 x 3=5 groups of 3
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The Commutative PropertyThe Commutative Property
A + B = B + AA + B = B + A
A x B = B x AA x B = B x A
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The Commutative PropertyThe Commutative PropertyYou can add or multiply numbers in any order.
Numbers Algebra
4 + 6 = 6 + 4 a + b = b + a
3663 abba
It is called the commutative property of addition when we add, and the commutative property of multiplication when we multiply.
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Five Properties of Rational Numbers
Five Properties of Rational Numbers
1. Commutative
2. Associative
3. Identity
4. Inverse
5. Distributive
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The Associative PropertyThe Associative Property
• Background– The word associative comes from the
verb “to associate.”– Definition on dictionary.com
• Associate means connected, joined, or related
– People who work together are called associates.• They are joined together by business, and
they do talk to one another.
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Let’s look at another hypothetical situation
Let’s look at another hypothetical situation
Three people work together.
Associate B needs to call Associates A and C to share some news.
Does it matter who he calls first?
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A C
B
Here are three associates. Here are three associates.
B calls A first He calls C last
If he called C first, then called A, would
it have made a difference?
NO!
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(The Role of Parentheses)(The Role of Parentheses)
• In math, we use parentheses to show groups.
• In the order of operations, the numbers and operations in parentheses are done first. (PEMDAS)
So….So….
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The Associative PropertyThe Associative Property
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C)(A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
A C
B
A C
B
THEN THEN
The parentheses identify which two associates talked first.
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Notice the first two students are associating with each other in the first situation. In the second situation, the same girl is associating with a different student. Have the students changed? Have the students moved places?
=
( )
( )
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The Associative PropertyThe Associative PropertyWhen adding or multiplying, you can change the grouping of numbers without changing the sum or product. The order of the terms DOES NOT change.
Numbers Algebra
(3 + 9) + 2 = 3 + (9 + 2) (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
2)(4324)(3 c)(bacb)(a
It is called the associative property of addition when we add, and the associative property of multiplication when we multiply.
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Let’s practice !Let’s practice !
Look at the problem.
Identify which property it represents.
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(4 + 3) + 2 = 4 + (3 + 2)
The Associative Property of Addition
It has parentheses!
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6 • 11 = 11 • 6
The Commutative Property
of Multiplication
•Same 2 numbers
•Numbers switched places
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(1 • 2) • 3 = 1 • (2 • 3)
The Associative Property of Multiplication
•Same 3 numbers in the same order
•2 sets of parentheses
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a • b = b • aThe Commutative Property
of Multiplication
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A
The Associative Property
of Multiplication
C
B
(a • b) • c = a • (b • c)
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4 + 6 = 6 + 4The Commutative Property of Addition
Numbers change places.
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A
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) The Associative Property of Addition
Parentheses!
C
B
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a + b = b + aThe Commutative Property of Addition
Moving numbers!
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Five Properties of Rational Numbers
Five Properties of Rational Numbers
1. Commutative
2. Associative
3. Identity
4. Inverse
5. Distributive
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The Identity PropertyThe Identity PropertyI am me!
You cannot changeMy identity!
I am me!You cannot change
My identity!
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Zero is the only number you can add to something
and see no change.
This property is also sometimes called the
Identity Property of Zero.
Identity Property of AdditionIdentity Property of Addition
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Identity Property of AdditionIdentity Property of Addition
A + 0 = A
+ 0 =
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One is the only number you can multiply by something
and see no change.
This property is also sometimes called the
Identity Property of One.
Identity Property of MultiplicationIdentity Property of Multiplication
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Identity Property of MultiplicationIdentity Property of Multiplication
A • 1 = A
• 1 =
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Five Properties of Rational Numbers
Five Properties of Rational Numbers
1. Commutative
2. Associative
3. Identity
4. Inverse
5. Distributive
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Inverse means “opposite”.
Inverse PropertyInverse Property
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Inverse Property Inverse Property
The opposite of addition is…subtraction.
So, when I use inverse operations, I can “undo” the
original number.
Example: 3 + (-3)= 0
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Inverse Property Inverse Property
The opposite of division is…
multiplication.
So, when I use inverse operations, I can “undo” the
original number.
Example: 113
31
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Let’s practice !Let’s practice !
Look at the problem.
Identify which property it represents.
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a • 1 = a The Identity Property
of Multiplication
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12 + 0 = 12
The Identity Property of Addition
It is the only addition property that has two addends and one of them is a zero.
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987 • 1 = 987
The Identity Property
of Multiplication
•Times 1
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7 + (- 7) = 0
The Inverse Property
•Undo the operation by using the opposite operation
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9 • 1 = 9
The Identity Property
of Multiplication
•Times 1
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The Inverse Property
•Undo the operation by using the inverse operation
66 = 1
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3 + 0 = 3 The Identity Property of Addition
See the zero?
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a + 0 = a The Identity Property of Addition
Zero!
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Five Properties of Rational Numbers
Five Properties of Rational Numbers
1. Commutative
2. Associative
3. Identity
4. Inverse
5. Distributive
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The Distributive PropertyThe Distributive Property
• Background– The word distributive comes from the
verb “to distribute.”
– Definition on dictionary.com• Distributing refers to passing things out or
delivering things to people
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The Distributive Property
a(b + c) = (a • b) + (a • c)A times the sum of b and c = a times b plus a times c
Let’s plug in some numbers first.
Remember that to distribute means delivering items, or handing them out.
Here is how this property works:
5(2 + 3) = (5 • 2) + (5 • 3)
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5(2 + 3) = (5 • 2) + (5 • 3)Think: Five groups of (2+3) or(2+3) + (2+3) + (2+3) + (2+3) + (2+3)
You went to five houses. Every family bought 5 items total, 2 red gifts and three
green gifts! How many gifts did you deliver all together?
How many red gifts were distributed? How many green gifts
were distributed?
You have sold many items for the BMMS fundraiser!
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You will be distributing 5 items to each house.
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5(2 + 3) = (5 • 2) + (5 • 3)
You distributed (delivered) these all in one trip.
You need to deliver 5 gifts to each house.
To each house, you will deliver 2 red gifts and 3 green gifts.
How many red gifts?
How many green gifts?
5 houses x 2 red gifts and 5 houses x 3 green gifts = (5x2) + (5x3) = 25 items all together
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The Distributive Property The Distributive Property
3( 5 + 2)
3
5 2
15 6
15 + 6 = 21
4( 3n + 6)
4
3n 6
12n 24
12n + 24
-7( 4 + 6)
-28-74 6
-42
-28 - 42 = -70
9( -3 - 8)
-279
-3 - 8-72
-27 - 72 = -99
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The Distributive Property The Distributive Property
6( 4x - 2)
6
4x -2
24x -12
24x - 12
-4( 8x – 3)
-4
8x -3
-32x 12
-32x + 12
-6n( 2 - 6)
-12n-6n
2 -636n
-12n + 36n = 24n
5( -6n + 2)
-30n5
-6n 210
-30n + 10