Property Law

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Carolina Academic Press Context and Practice SeriesMichael Hunter Schwartz

Series Editor

Administrative LawRichard Henry Seamon

Advanced TortsAlex B. Long and Meredith J. Duncan

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A Context and Practice Global Case File: Rossi v. Bryce, An International Embryo and Surrogacy Dispute

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Criminal LawSteven I. Friedland, Catherine Carpenter, Kami Chavis, and Catherine Arcabsacio

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Energy LawJoshua P. Fershee

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Your Brain and Law SchoolMarybeth Herald

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Property Law

A Context and PracticeCasebook

Alicia B. KellyProfessor of Law,

Delaware Law School of Widener University

Nancy J. KnauerProfessor of Law,

Beasley School of Law, Temple University

Carolina Academic PressDurham, North Carolina

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Copyright © 2017Carolina Academic Press, LLC

All Rights Reserved

ISBN 978-1-59460-499-7Ebook ISBN 978-1-5310-0863-5

LCCN 2017950120

Carolina Academic Press, LLC700 Kent Street

Durham, NC 27701Telephone (919) 489-7486Fax (919) 493-5668www.caplaw.com

Printed in the United States of America

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Contents

Table of Principal Cases xxiSeries Editor’s Preface xxiii

part oneIntroduction to Property Law

Chapter 1 · Introduction 3The Casebook 4Overview of Property Law 5Types of Property 5Property Rights 6Ownership 7Context Matters 7

part twoIntroduction to Ownership and Acquisition of Property

Chapter 2 · Ownership and Acquisition 11Introduction 11Chapter Problem: Exercise 2-1 11Overview of Chapter 2 12Conquest and Discovery 13Exercise 2-2. Johnson v. M’Intosh— The “Courts of the Conqueror” 15Johnson v. M’Intosh 15Exercise 2-3. Johnson v. M’Intosh Revisited 20Contemporary Native American Land Claims 22Exercise 2-4. Cayuga v. Pataki 22Cayuga Indian Nation v. Pataki 23Exercise 2-5. Cayuga v. Pataki Revisited 27

Reparations and Restitution 28Government Grant of Land 29Possession, Labor, and Investment 30Capture and Wild Animals 31Exercise 2-6. Pierson v. Post— “Beware the Saucy Intruder” 31Pierson v. Post 32Exercise 2-7. Pierson v. Post Revisited 36

Natural Resources 37Oil and Gas 37

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Water 39Groundwater 39Surface Water 40Exercise 2-8. Popov v. Hayashi— America’s Pastime 40Popov v. Hayashi 41Exercise 2-9. Popov v. Hayashi Revisited 46

Equitable Remedies: Constructive Trusts and Equitable Division 46The Reception of Common Law 46Equity 47Equitable Remedies and Defenses 47

Intellectual Property 49Abandoned, Lost, and Mislaid Property 50

Exercise 2-10. Benjamin v. Linder Aviation — Are Finders Really Keepers? 51

Benjamin v. Lindner Aviation, Inc. 51Exercise 2-11. Benjamin v. Linder Aviation Revisited 54

A Thief (Almost) Never Has Good Title 55Exercise 2-12. Alamo Rent-a-Car, Inc. v. Williamson 55Alamo Rent-A-Car, Inc. v. Williamson Cadillac Company 56Exercise 2-13. Alamo Rent-a-Car, Inc. v. Williamson Revisited 57

Adverse Possession and Related Concepts 57Adverse Possession 57Exercise 2-14. Van Valkenburgh v. Lutz 60Van Valkenburgh v. Lutz 61Exercise 2-15. Van Valkenburgh v. Lutz Revisited 63

Prescriptive Easements 64Exercise 2-16. Zuni Tribe v. Platt 65United States on Behalf of the Zuni Tribe of New Mexico v. Platt 65Exercise 2-17. Zuni Tribe v. Platt Revisited 70

The Improving Trespasser — De minimis non curat lex 70Exercise 2-18. Yeakel v. Driscoll 71Yeakel v. Driscoll 71Exercise 2-19. Yeakel v. Driscoll Revisited 74

Adverse Possession of Personal Property 74Exercise 2-20. Guggenheim Foundation v. Lubell 74Guggenheim Foundation v. Lubell 75Exercise 2-21. Guggenheim Foundation v. Lubell Revisited 79

Chapter 3 · Trespass — The Right to Exclude and the Right to Access 81Introduction 81Chapter Problem: Exercise 3-1 81Overview of Chapter 3 82The Traditional Law of Trespass 82Exercise 3-2. Jacque v. Steenberg Homes 84

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Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc. 84Exercise 3-3. Jacque v. Steenberg Homes Revisited 88Public Policy Limitations on the Right to Exclude Non-Owners 88

Exercise 3-4. State v. Shack 90State of New Jersey v. Shack and Tejeras 90Exercise 3-5. State v. Shack Revisited 95

Investigative Journalism and the Law of Trespass 95Exercise 3-6. Food Lion, Inc. v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. 95Food Lion, Inc. v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. 97Exercise 3-7. Food Lion, Inc. v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. Revisited 100

The Power of Investigative Journalism — Animal Rights Activism 100Property Open to the General Public 100Exercise 3-8. Uston v. Resorts International Hotel, Inc. 102Uston v. Resorts International Hotel, Inc. 103Exercise 3-9. Uston v. Resorts International Hotel, Inc. Revisited 104Exercise 3-10. Donovan v. Grand Victoria Casino & Resort 105Donovan v. Grand Victoria Casino & Resort 105Exercise 3-11. Donovan v. Grand Victoria Casino & Resort Revisited 107

Non-Discrimination Laws 108Federal Public Accommodation Protections 110Exercise 3-12. Interpreting the Statute 110Exercise 3-13. Denny v. Elizabeth Arden Salons, Inc.— A “place of public accommodation”? 111

Denny v. Elizabeth Arden Salons, Inc. 113Exercise 3-14. Denny v. Elizabeth Arden Salons, Inc. Revisited 118

State and Local Public Accommodation Laws 118Exercise 3-15. National Organization for Women, Essex Cnty. Chapter v. Little League Baseball, Inc.— The New Jersey Law Against Discrimination 120

National Organization for Women, Essex Cnty. Chapter v. Little League Baseball, Inc. 122

Exercise 3-16. National Organization for Women, Essex Cnty. Chapter v. Little League Baseball, Inc. Revisited 123

The Americans with Disabilities Act 123Exercise 3-17. National Federation of the Blind v. Target— The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 125

National Federation of the Blind v. Target 126Exercise 3-18. National Federation of the Blind v. Target Revisited 128

Beach Access and the Public Trust Doctrine 128Exercise 3-19. Raleigh Avenue Beach Association v. Atlantic Beach Club, Inc. 130

Raleigh Avenue Beach Association v. Atlantis Beach Club, Inc. 130Exercise 3-20. Raleigh Avenue Beach Association v. Atlantic Beach Club, Inc. Revisited 136

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Homelessness 136Exercise 3-21. Pottinger v. City of Miami 137Pottinger v. City of Miami 138Exercise 3-22. Pottinger v. City of Miami Revisited 143

part threeOwnership Structures — Estates in Land

Chapter 4 · Shared Property: Gifts, Concurrent Ownership and Family Property 147

Introduction 147Overview of Chapter 4 147Gifts 148Chapter Problem: Exercise 4-1 148Lifetime Gifts 149Exercise 4-2. Identifying Completed Lifetime Gifts 151Exercise 4-3. Gruen v. Gruen — Distinguishing Gifts Made During Life or at Death 152

Gruen v. Gruen 152Exercise 4-4. Gruen Revisited 156

Conditional Gifts 157Exercise 4-5. Evaluating Gifts Causa Mortis 158

Concurrent Ownership 158Chapter Problem: Exercise 4-6 158Types of Co-Ownership 159Tenancy in Common 160Joint Tenancy with the Right of Survivorship 161Tenancy by the Entireties 163Resolving Ambiguities 163Exercise 4-7. Identifying Types of Co-Ownership 164

Shared Bank Accounts 165Exercise 4-8. Evaluating Ownership of Shared Bank Accounts 166

Co-Tenant Rights and Obligations 167Sharing Costs, Benefits and Possession 167Exercise 4-9. Esteves and Olivas 168Esteves v. Esteves 168Olivas v. Olivas 171Exercise 4-10. Esteves and Olivas Revisited 173

Transfers by One Co-Owner 174Leasing and Sharing Rent from Third Parties 175Exercise 4-11. Carr v. Deking 175Carr v. Deking 175Exercise 4-12. Carr Revisited 177

Severance 177

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Exercise 4-13. Reicherter v. McCauley 178Reicherter v. McCauley 178Exercise 4-14. Revisiting Reicherter and More Complexities 180

Tenancies by the Entireties 181Exercise 4-15. Sawada v. Endo 181Sawada v. Endo 182Exercise 4-16. Sawada Revisited 185

Partition 185Exercise 4-17. Ark Land Co. v. Harper 186Ark Land Co. v. Harper 186Exercise 4-18. Ark Land Revisited 190

Family Property Law 191Chapter Problem: Exercise 4-19 192Married Couples 195Property Regimes During Marriage and at Death 197Property Law at Divorce 198Exercise 4-20. Understanding Equitable Distribution Statutes 200Exercise 4-21. Harper v. Harper 202Harper v. Harper 202Exercise 4-22. Harper Revisited 206Exercise 4-23. O’Brien v. O’Brien 207O’Brien v. O’Brien 207Exercise 4-24. O’Brien Revisited and Alternative Remedies 213

Cohabitants and Other Family-Type Relationships 214Exercise 4-25. Watts v. Watts 215Watts v. Watts 215Exercise 4-26. Watts Revisited and Alternative Approaches 220

Chapter 5 · Estates in Land 223Introduction 223Chapter Problem: Exercise 5-1 223Overview of Chapter 5 224Estates in Land 224Historical Background 225Types of Estates in Land 227Defeasible Fees Distinguished from Real Covenants and Easements 228

The Recognized Estates in Land 229Fee Simple Absolute 229Fee Tail 230Life Estates, Reversions, and Remainders 230Fee Simple Determinable and Possibility of Reverter 233Fee Simple Subject to a Condition Subsequent and Right of Re-Entry 234Fee Simple Subject to an Executory Interest 235Exercise 5-2. Review Flow Chart of Estates in Land — Future Interests 236

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Exercise 5-3. Applying the Law of Estates 237Trusts 238The Rule Against Perpetuities 239The Classic Statement of the Rule 240Three Steps to Applying the Rule 240Savings Clause 244The Absurdities Created at Common Law 244Perpetuities Reform 245Exercise 5-4. Texaco Refining & Marketing, Inc. v. Samowitz— Options to Purchase 246

Texaco Refining & Marketing, Inc. v. Samowitz 247Exercise 5-5. Texaco Refining Revisited 249

Other Regulatory Rules 249Destructibility of Contingent Remainders 249Doctrine of Worthier Title 250Rule in Shelley’s Case 250

Interpretation of Ambiguous Conveyances 251Exercise 5-6. Hagaman v. Board of Education 251Hagaman v. The Board of Education of the Township of Woodbridge 252Exercise 5-7. Hagaman Revisited 254

Public Policy Limitations 254Exercise 5-8. Hankins v. Mathews— Restraints on Alienation 255Hankins v. Mathews 255Exercise 5-9. Hankins Revisited 257Exercise 5-10. Casey v. Casey— Unreasonable Restraints and Family Harmony 258

Casey v. Casey 258Exercise 5-11. Casey Revisited 260Exercise 5-12. Shapira v. Union National Bank — Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Marriage 261

Shapira v. Union National Bank 262Exercise 5-13. Shapira Revisited 266

Waste 266Exercise 5-14. Keesecker v. Bird— Waste 267Keesecker v. Bird 267Exercise 5-15. Keesecker Revisited 272

Chapter 6 · Leasing Real Property 273Introduction 273Chapter Problem: Exercise 6-1 273Overview of Chapter 6 277Creating a Leasehold 277Types of Leaseholds 277Exercise 6-2. Identifying Leaseholds 279

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Distinguished from Other Interests 279Exercise 6-3. Vasquez v. Glassboro 280Vasquez v. Glassboro Service Ass’n Inc. 280Exercise 6-4. Vasquez v. Glassboro Revisited 288

Negotiating and Entering Into a Lease 289Exercise 6-5. Document Review — Model Lease 290

Protection Against Discrimination 293Exercise 6-6. Interpreting Statutes — The Federal Fair Housing Act 293Exercise 6-7. Sullivan v. Hernandez 295Sullivan v. Hernandez 295

Possession and Enjoyment of a Leasehold 298Delivering Possession 298The Implied Warranty of Habitability 298Exercise 6-8. Javins v. First National Realty Corp. and Hilder v. St. Peter 299

Javins v. First National Realty Corporation 300Hilder v. St. Peter 305Exercise 6-9. Understanding the Warranty and Remedies for Breach 310

The Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment and Constructive Eviction 312Exercise 6-10. Minjack v. Randolph 313Minjack Co. v. Randolph 313Exercise 6-11. Minjack Revisited and Landlord’s Potential Liability for the Acts of Others 317

Tort Liability for Personal Injury 318Consumer Protection Laws 319Tenant’s Restrictions on Use 320

Transferring a Leasehold 322Assignment or Subletting the Lease 323Exercise 6-12. Distinguishing Between Assignments and Subleases 323

Limitations on Transfers — Landlord Consent 326Exercise 6-13. Kendall v. Ernest Pestana 327Kendall v. Ernest Pestana 327Exercise 6-14. Evaluating and Applying Limits on Transfers 332

Ending a Tenancy 333Tenant Abandonment and Landlord’s Duty to Mitigate 333Exercise 6-15. Sommer v. Kridel 333Sommer v. Kridell 334

Eviction 337Prohibited Retaliation 338Exercise 6-16. Hillview Associates v. Bloomquist 338Hillview Associates v. Bloomquist 338

Security Deposits 344Exercise 6-17. Extracting Rules from Statutes 344

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part fourPublic Land Use Law

Chapter 7 · Nuisance 349Introduction 349Chapter Problem: Exercise 7-1 349Overview of Chapter 7 350The Law of Nuisance 350Distinguished from Trespass 351Distinguished from Negligence 352Balancing Competing Interests 353Remedies 356Exercise 7-2. Babb v. Lee County Landfill— Trespass or Nuisance? 357Babb, Elstrom, and Jackson v. Lee County Landfill 357Exercise 7-3. Babb Revisited 364Exercise 7-4. Page County Appliance Ctr. v. Honeywell— Hypersensitive Use 364

Page County Appliance Center, Inc. v. Honeywell, Inc. 365Exercise 7-5. Page Revisited 369Exercise 7-6. Spur Indus., Inc. v. Del E. Webb Dev. Co.— Coming to the Nuisance 370

Spur Industries, Inc. v. Webb Development Co. 370Exercise 7-7. Spur Revisited 376

Statutory Reforms: Right to Farm Laws and Public Nuisance 376Exercise 7-8. Shore v. Maple Farms— Right to Farm Laws 379Shore v. Maple Lane Farms, LLC 379Exercise 7-9. Shore v. Maple Farms Revisited 388

Utility and Harm in a Contemporary Context: Alternative Energy 388Exercise 7-10. Fountainbleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five, Inc. — Rights to “Light and Air” 389

Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five, Inc. 390Exercise 7-11. Fountainbleau Hotel Corp. Revisited 392Exercise 7-12. Prah v. Maretti — Solar Energy 392Prah v. Maretti 393Exercise 7-13. Prah Revisited 399Exercise 7-14. Sowers v. Forest Hills Subdivision— Wind Turbines 399Sowers v. Forest Hills Subdivision 400Exercise 7-15. Sowers Revisited 404

Chapter 8 · Zoning 405Introduction 405Chapter Problem: Exercise 8-1 405Overview of Chapter 6 406The Power to Zone 406

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History 408Constitutionality 408Limitations 409Exercise 8-2. Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. 409Village of Euclid v. Ambler Reality Co. 410Exercise 8-3. Village of Euclid v. Ambler Reality Co. Revisited 415

The Zoning Process 415Exercise 8-4. Save Our Rural Environment v. Snohomish County— Spot Zoning 416

Save Our Rural Environment v. Snohomish County 417Exercise 8-5. Save Our Rural Environment Revisited 419Exercise 8-6. Rando v. Town of North Attleboro— Contract Zoning 420Rando v. Town of North Attleboro 420Exercise 8-7. Rando v. Town of North Attleboro Revisited 423Exercise 8-8. Cochran v. Fairfax County of Board of Zoning Appeals— Variances 424

Cochran v. Fairfax County of Board of Zoning Appeals 424Exercise 8-9. Cochran Revisited 429

Exclusionary Zoning: Federal and State Law 430Exercise 8-10. Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan— Federal Law 431

Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan 431Exercise 8-11. Village of Arlington Revisited 437Exercise 8-12. Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel — State Law 438

Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel 438Exercise 8-13. Southern Burlington County NAACP Revisited 446Exercise 8-14. Britton v. Town of Chester— The Remedy 447Britton v. Town of Chester 447Exercise 8-15. Britton Revisited 451

NIMBY — Not In My Back Yard 451Exercise 8-16. Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas— Federal Law 452Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas 453Exercise 8-17. Village of Belle Terre Revisited 457Exercise 8-18. Charter Township of Delta v. Dinolfo— State Law 458Charter Township of Delta v. Dinolfo 458Exercise 8-19. Charter Township of Delta Revisited 462Exercise 8-20. Riverside v. Wellness Center — Medical Marijuana 463Riverside v. Wellness Center 463Exercise 8-21. Riverside Revisited 469

Chapter 9 · Government Takings 471Introduction 471Chapter Problem: Exercise 9-1 471Overview of Chapter 9 472

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Direct Takings: Condemnation and the Power of Eminent Domain 473Exercise 9-2. Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff— Public Use 474Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff 475Exercise 9-3. Hawaii Housing Authority Revisited 479Exercise 9-4. Kelo v. New London— Public Use 479Kelo v. New London 480Exercise 9-5. Kelo Revisited 489Exercise 9-6. J.J. Newberry Co. v. City of East Chicago — Just Compensation 490

J.J. Newberry Co. v. City of East Chicago 491Exercise 9-7. J.J. Newberry Revisited 495

Indirect Takings — When Does a Taking of Property Occur? 495Exercise 9-8. PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robbins 496PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robbins 497Exercise 9-9. PruneYard Revisited 500Exercise 9-10. Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATC Corp. 501Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATC Corp. 501Exercise 9-11. Loretto Revisited 505Exercise 9-12. Babbit v. Youpee — Core Property Right 506Babbit v. Youpee 507Exercise 9-13. Babbit Revisited 511

Regulatory Takings — When a Regulation “Goes Too Far” 512

513513519

520520

Exercise 9-14. Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City — Historic Preservation

Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York CityExercise 9-15. Penn Central RevisitedExercise 9-16. Lucas v. South Coastal Council — Environmental Protection and All Economically Viable Use

Lucas v. South Coastal CouncilExercise 9-17. Lucas Revisited 529Exercise 9-18. Note: Cases Post-Lucas 530

Exactions 531Exercise 9-19. Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District 532Coy A. Koontz, Jr. v. St. Johns River Water Management District 532Exercise 9-20. Koontz Revisited 537

Forfeiture Distinguished 538Exercise 9-21. United States v. Leasehold Interest in 121 Nostrand Avenue, Apartment 1-C 539

United States v. The Leasehold Interest in 121 Nostrand Avenue, Apartment 1-C 539

Exercise 9-22. Leasehold Interest Revisited 545Exercise 9-23. Rucker v. United States 546HUD v. Rucker 546Exercise 9-24. Rucker Revisited 549

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part fivePrivate Land Use Law: Servitudes

Chapter 10 · Private Land Use Laws — Servitudes 553Introduction 553Chapter Problems: Exercise 10-1 553Fundamentals of Servitudes and Overview of Chapter 10 556Easements 559Express Written Easements 559Exercise 10-2. Reviewing an Express Easement Deed and Evaluating Compliance with the Statute of Frauds 560

Interpretation of Easements 561Running with the Land 562Exercise 10-3. Differentiating Appurtenant and In Gross Easements 564

Exercise 10-4. Interpreting Easements & Resolving Ambiguities — Green v. Lupo 564

Green v. Lupo 565Exercise 10-5. Green Revisited — and Introduction to the Scope of Easements 568

Scope of Easements 568Exercise 10-6(A). Case Studies Interpreting the Scope of Easements: Shooting Point v. Wescoat; Post & Beam Equities Group v. Sunne Villages; Henley v. Continental Cablevision 569

Shooting Point v. Wescoat 570Post and Beam Equities Group, LLC v. Sunne Village Development Property Owners Association 571

Henley v. Continental Cablevision of St. Louis County, Inc. 576Exercise 10-6(B). Lawyering Strategies & Skills 578Distinguishing Easements from Licenses and Other Property Interests 578

Exercise 10-7. Millbrook Hunt v. Smith 579Millbrook Hunt v. Smith 579

Implied Easements 580Easements by Prescription 581Exercise 10-8. Analyzing Prescriptive Easement Claims 582

Easement by Estoppel 583Exercise 10-9. Cleaver v. Cundiff 584Cleaver v. Cundiff 585

An Alternative: Constructive Trusts 588Exercise 10-10. Developing and Evaluating Claims 588

Easements Implied by Prior Use 590Exercise 10-11. Thorstrom v. Thorstrom 591Thorstrom v. Thorstrom 592

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Easements Implied by Necessity 595Exercise 10-12. Burnham v. Kwentus 597Burnham v. Kwentus 597Exercise 10-13. Burnham Revisited & Applications of Implied Easements 600

Beach Access & The Public Trust Doctrine 600Limitations on Negative Easements 600Termination 601Exercise 10-14. Moody v. Allegheny Valley Land Trust 603Moody v. Allegheny Valley Land Trust 603

Covenants 606Exercise 10-15. Document Review — Sample Covenant 607

Express Covenants 608Exercise 10-16. The Grateful Dead Store and Winn Dixie v. Dolgengroup 613

Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. v. Dolgencorp 614Implied Covenants 617Exercise 10-17. Forster v. Hall 618Forster v. Hall 619

Enforceability and Compliance with Public Policy 621Reasonableness 622Exercise 10-18. Nahrstedt and Fountain Valley 622Nahrstedt v. Lakeside Village Condominium Association, Inc. 623Fountain Valley Chateau Blanc Homeowner’s Association v. Dep’t of Veteran’s Affairs 628

Exercise 10-19. Nahrstadt and Fountain Valley Revisited 631Restraints on Alienation 633Exercise 10-20. Adams v. Kimberley One Townhouse Owner’s Ass’n 633Adams v. Kimberley One Townhouse Owner’s Association, Inc. 634

Discriminatory Covenants 637Termination 638Exercise 10-21. El Di, Inc. v. Town of Bethany Beach 640El Di, Inc. v. Town of Bethany Beach 640

part sixReal Estate Transactions

Chapter 11 · Real Estate Transactions & Finance 647Introduction 647Overview of Chapter 11 647Chapter Problem: Exercise 11-1 648Real Estate Transactions 649Phases in the Transaction Process 649Purchase and Sale Contract 650

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Express Agreements 650Exercise 11-2. Document Review — A Sample Purchase and Sale Agreement 650

Statute of Frauds 654Implied Agreements — Part Performance and Equitable Estoppel 654Exercise 11-3. Hickey v. Green and Burns v. McCormick 657Hickey v. Green 658Burns v. McCormick 660

Terms, Construction and Breach 662Marketable Title 662Exercise 11-4. Lohmeyer v. Bower 663Lohmeyer v. Bower 664

Equitable Conversion and Risk of Loss 665Exercise 11-5. Brush Grocery Kart v. Sure Fine Market 666Brush Grocery Kart v. Sure Fine Market 666

Remedies for Breach (Return of Deposits) 669Condition of the Property 670Misrepresentation and Fraudulent Non-Disclosure 671Exercise 11-6. Johnson v. Davis and Pennsylvania Real Estate Disclosure Law — Applications and Theory 673

Johnson v. Davis 673Exercise 11-7. Lawyering Practice and Professional Conduct Hypothetical 679

Implied Warranty of Quality and Habitability — For New Construction 680

The Closing and Transfer by Deed 681Exercise 11-8. Document Review — Sample Deed 682

Title Assurance 685Deed Covenants 685Exercise 11-9. Feit v. Donahue 688Feit v. Donahue 688

Recording System 690How to Search Title 691Recording Acts and Bona Fide Purchaser Protections 692Types of Recording Acts 694Exercise 11-10. Interpreting Recording Statutes 695

Complex Recording and Title Issues 696Exercise 11-11. Applying the Basic Recording Laws 696Estoppel by Deed 697Shelter Rule 697Wild Deeds 697Exercise 11-12. Deeds in the Wild — Hartig v. Stratman 699Hartig v. Stratman 699

Forgery and Fraud 700

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Deeds Out from a Common Grantor 701Marketable Title Acts 702Exercise 11-13. Applying Complex Recording & Title Laws 702

Title Insurance and Registration 703Title Registration 704

Real Estate Finance 704Mortgages and Deeds of Trust 704Exercise 11-14. Document Review — Granting Clause in Deed of Trust 705

Foreclosures 706Process and Mortgagor Protections 706Mortgagee’s Duties and Gross Inadequacy of Price 710

Exercise 11-15. In re Krohn and Murphy v. Financial Development Corp. 710In re Krohn v. Sweetheart Properties 711Murphy v. Financial Development Corp. 714Priority of Title at Foreclosure 718

Installment Land Contracts 721Exercise 11-16. Applying State Law Approaches 722

Index 723

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Adams v. Kimberley One TownhouseOwner’s Association, Inc., 634

Alamo Rent-A-Car, Inc. v. WilliamsonCadillac Company, 56

Ark Land Co. v. Harper, 186Babb, Elstrom, and Jackson v. LeeCounty Landfill, 357

Babbit v. Youpee, 507Benjamin v. Lindner Aviation, Inc., 51Britton v. Town of Chester, 447Brush Grocery Kart v. Sure Fine Mar-ket, 666

Burnham v. Kwentus, 597Burns v. McCormick, 660Carr v. Deking, 175Casey v. Casey, 258Cayuga Indian Nation v. Pataki, 23Charter Township of Delta v. Dinolfo,458

Cleaver v. Cundiff, 585Cochran v. Fairfax County of Board ofZoning Appeals, 424

Coy A. Koontz, Jr. v. St. Johns RiverWater Management District, 532

Denny v. Elizabeth Arden Salons, Inc.,113

Donovan v. Grand Victoria Casino &Resort, 105

El Di, Inc. v. Town of Bethany Beach,640

Esteves v. Esteves, 168Feit v. Donahue, 688Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five, Inc., 390

Food Lion, Inc. v. Capital Cities/ABC,Inc., 97

Forster v. Hall, 619Fountain Valley Chateau Blanc Home-owner’s Association v.

Dep’t of Veteran’s Affairs, 628Green v. Lupo, 565Gruen v. Gruen, 152Guggenheim Foundation v. Lubell, 75Hagaman v. The Board of Education ofthe Township of Woodbridge, 252

Hankins v. Mathews, 255Harper v. Harper, 202Hartig v. Stratman, 699Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff,475

Henley v. Continental Cablevision ofSt. Louis County, Inc., 576

Hickey v. Green, 658Hilder v. St. Peter, 305Hillview Associates v. Bloomquist, 338HUD v. Rucker, 546In re Krohn v. Sweetheart Properties,711

J.J. Newberry Co. v. City of EastChicago, 491

Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc., 84Javins v. First National Realty Corpora-tion, 300

Johnson v. Davis, 673Johnson v. M’Intosh, 15Keesecker v. Bird, 267Kelo v. New London, 480Kendall v. Ernest Pestana, 327

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Table of Principal Cases

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Lohmeyer v. Bower, 664Loretto v. Teleprompter ManhattanCATC Corp., 501

Lucas v. South Coastal Council, 520Millbrook Hunt v. Smith, 579Minjack Co. v. Randolph, 313Moody v. Allegheny Valley Land Trust,603

Murphy v. Financial DevelopmentCorp., 714

Nahrstedt v. Lakeside Village Condo-minium Association, Inc., 623

National Federation of the Blind v. Tar-get, 126

National Organization for Women,Essex Cnty. Chapter v. Little

League Baseball, Inc., 122O’Brien v. O’Brien, 207Olivas v. Olivas, 171Page County Appliance Center, Inc. v.Honeywell, Inc., 365

Penn Central Transportation Co. v.New York City, 513

Pierson v. Post, 32Popov v. Hayashi, 41Post and Beam Equities Group, LLC v.Sunne Village Development

Property Owners Association, 571Pottinger v. City of Miami, 138Prah v. Maretti, 393PruneYard Shopping Center v. Rob-bins, 497

Raleigh Avenue Beach Association v.Atlantis Beach Club, Inc., 130

Rando v. Town of North Attleboro, 420Reicherter v. McCauley, 178Riverside v. Wellness Center, 463

Save Our Rural Environment v. Sno-homish County, 417

Sawada v. Endo, 182Shapira v. Union National Bank, 262Shooting Point v. Wescoat, 570Shore v. Maple Lane Farms, LLC, 379Sommer v. Kridell, 334Southern Burlington County NAACP v.Township of Mount Laurel, 438

Sowers v. Forest Hills Subdivision, 400Spur Industries, Inc. v. Webb Develop-ment Co., 370

State of New Jersey v. Shack andTejeras, 90

Sullivan v. Hernandez, 295Texaco Refining & Marketing, Inc. v.Samowitz, 247

Thorstrom v. Thorstrom, 592United States on Behalf of the ZuniTribe of New Mexico v. Platt, 65

United States v. The Leasehold Interestin 121 Nostrand Avenue,

Apartment 1-C, 539Uston v. Resorts International Hotel,Inc., 103

Van Valkenburgh v. Lutz, 61Vasquez v. Glassboro Service Ass’n Inc.,280

Village of Arlington Heights v. Metro-politan, 431

Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas, 453Village of Euclid v. Ambler Reality Co.,410

Watts v. Watts, 215Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. v. Dolgencorp,614

Yeakel v. Driscoll, 71

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Series Editor’s Preface

Welcome to a new type of casebook. Designed by leading experts in law school teachingand learning, Context and Practice casebooks assist law professors and their students towork together to learn, minimize stress, and prepare for the rigors and joys of practicinglaw. Student learning and preparation for law practice are the guiding ethics of thesebooks.

Why would we depart from the tried and true? Why have we abandoned the legal ed-ucation model by which we were trained? Because legal education can and must improve.

In Spring 2007, the Carnegie Foundation published Educating Lawyers: Preparation forthe Practice of Law and the Clinical Legal Education Association published Best Practicesfor Legal Education. Both works reflect in-depth efforts to assess the effectiveness of modernlegal education, and both conclude that legal education, as presently practiced, falls quiteshort of what it can and should be. Both works criticize law professors’ rigid adherenceto a single teaching technique, the inadequacies of law school assessment mechanisms,and the dearth of law school instruction aimed at teaching law practice skills and inculcatingprofessional values. Finally, the authors of both books express concern that legal educationmay be harming law students. Recent studies show that law students, in comparison toall other graduate students, have the highest levels of depression, anxiety and substanceabuse.

The problems with traditional law school instruction begin with the textbooks lawteachers use. Law professors cannot implement Educating Lawyers and Best Practices usingtexts designed for the traditional model of legal education. Moreover, even though ourunderstanding of how people learn has grown exponentially in the past 100 years, no lawschool text to date even purports to have been designed with educational research in mind.

The Context and Practice Series is an effort to offer a genuine alternative. Groundedin learning theory and instructional design and written with Educating Lawyers and BestPractices in mind, Context and Practice casebooks make it easy for law professors to change.

I welcome reactions, criticisms, and suggestions; my e-mail address is mschwartz@pacific.edu. Knowing the author(s) of these books, I know they, too, would appreciateyour input; we share a common commitment to student learning. In fact, students, ifyour professor cares enough about your learning to have adopted this book, I bet s/hewould welcome your input, too!

Michael Hunter Schwartz, Series Designer and EditorConsultant, Institute for Law Teaching and LearningDean and Professor of Law, University of the Pacific,

McGeorge School of Law

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