proposal for a school of law at the university of california,...

Proposal for a School of Lawat the University of California, Riverside

I. Introduction

As is true for several other University of California campuses, UC Riverside isexperiencing an unprecedented enrollment surge. UC Office of the President projectionsindicate that from 1998 to 2010, UCR’s enrollment is expected to more than double. Asis indicated in President Richard C. Atkinson’s June 25, 1999, letter to all UCChancellors with regard to campus-by-campus growth between now and 2005:

We are reiterating the enrollment numbers for 2010 that we proposed in March; however,as your explorations about potential for growth and for changes in your long-rangeacademic development plans proceed, you may want to propose larger numbers.”1

In Riverside’s case, this means that we must plan for growth from 9,550 budgeted FTEstudents in 1998-1999 to 15,500 in 2005-06, and to 19,900 in 2010-11 -- an increase of10,350 FTE students.2 Growth of this magnitude presents opportunities as well aschallenges – opportunities to strengthen existing disciplines and research programs, aswell as to adapt to and strengthen emerging ones. This moment, therefore, also affordsthe unique opportunity to enlarge the scope and quality of professional schools, as befitsa campus approaching maturity.

This is the context in which UCR seeks approval to establish a law school.

A. Early Planning Efforts

Planning for a law school at UCR first began more than thirty years ago, in 1967. At thattime, UCR committed itself to the establishment of a law school as part of its strategicacademic planning. With little controversy surrounding the issue, UCR submitted atentative proposal for a law school to the University of California President’s AdvisoryCommittee on Law School Planning (the “President’s Advisory Committee”). Pursuantto that proposal, along with the endorsement and support of key divisional AcademicSenate committees, the President’s Advisory Committee recommended that the Riversidecampus be the site for the next law school in the UC system. This Advisory Committee’srecommendation was issued in 1968.

1 Letter to the Chancellors from Richard C. Atkinson, President, University of California, June 25, 1999 (regardingprojected increased demand for undergraduate admission to UC). A copy of President Atkinson’s letter and at-tachments appear as Appendix A.2 The current FTE student to faculty ratio is 18.4:1. In order to maintain this ratio, the projected growth will pro-vide UCR with the equivalent of approximately 560 additional faculty FTEs. The modest number of FTE facultycalled for in this proposal (26) will therefore pose no FTE resource drain to the campus.

UCR LAW SCHOOL PROPOSAL - of 35

Twenty years later, efforts to establish a law school at UCR reemerged when ChancellorRosemary Schraer formed the UCR Campus Planning Task Force, which included aplanning Subcommittee for the School of Law. In Fall 1988, this subcommitteerecommended establishment of a law school to the Riverside Division, which endorsedthe recommendation. The following year, plans for a law school were included in theUCR General Academic Plan; in 1990, these plans were included in the February UCRAcademic Planning Statement.3

UCR has not been alone in urging a new law school initiative. In January 1991 aUniversity-wide Ad Hoc Planning Study Committee for Professional Education in Lawconcluded that“…[T]here is need to expand the enrollment of the UC law schools.”4

Throughout the decades, UCR has remained committed to developing a law school. Infact, interest in this endeavor continues to intensify. For example, in 1994, members ofthe Riverside legal community, elected officials, and other community leaders formed“UCR Law,” an organization committed to the establishment of a UCR law school. Themoral and political support provided by this group has been accompanied by anunprecedented level and depth of economic support, discussed more fully below..

B. Current Planning

The latest formal compilation of recent campus planning efforts can be found inUndergraduate Education in the Context of the Research University.5 This documentarticulates planning for a campus of 15,000 students by the year 2005-06, including theneed for a law school.

Subsequently, in February 1998, Executive Vice Chancellor David H. Warren appointeda UCR Legal Education Center Task Force, headed by Irwin Sherman, Chair of theAcademic Senate, charged with developing “the intellectual and academic vision of aLegal Education Center, which would complement UCR’s strengths and identity.”

The Task Force solicited advice through a series of focus groups consisting of localattorneys and judges, community and business leaders, as well as UCR faculty. Theintent was to suggest a wide range of ideas for the "intellectual character" of the law

3 This document formed the basis of the UC Riverside Long-Range Development Plan, which was approved by TheRegents on July 20, 1990. The law school was discussed on pp. 1, 5, 11.4 "An Analysis of Graduate Legal Education at the University of California," Report of An Ad Hoc Planning StudyCommittee for Professional Education in the Law, January 1991, p. 5 (hereafter, The Imwinkelried Report).5 Undergraduate Education in the Context of the Research University, Jan. 5, 1998. The UCR Law School isdiscussed on pp. 50-51, stating:

. . . [T]he concept will be of a school of law that is intellectually fully integrated with major elements ofthe campus, that combines preparation of attorneys for the bar with positive attitudes toward the value ofresearch and public service, and that conceives of legal education in the context of the needs of the 21st

Century in a growing and demographically diverse region of the state and country.Ibid.


school and to ascertain the level of support from the Academic Senate and Riversidecommunity. The outcome of this process was a consensus that UCR’s law school shouldenjoy high visibility and recognition, and that it should be competitive with the top 20law schools in the country, educate graduates who will have outstanding writing andanalytical skills, and who enjoy a high pass rate of the California bar exam on the firstattempt.

The Task Force then turned its attention to identifying potential curriculum strengths thatwould provide synergy with existing academic strengths. At the same time, thefollowing efforts were underway:

Ø Development of financial projections, in terms of both start-up costs and operating budget

Ø Analysis of site and facilities needs for a law school; initiation of development efforts; and

Ø Review of the Victor Miceli Law Library, Riverside County (hereafter, the Miceli Law Li-brary); and

Ø Review of the requirements for an ABA-approved facility.

As one measure of the extraordinary depth of the community’s support for a UCR lawschool, one must note the anticipated transfer of the Miceli Law Library from RiversideCounty to the University of California. To the best of our knowledge, the transfer of acounty’s primary public law library is unprecedented.6

Both Riverside and San Bernardino Counties operate consolidated Municipal andSuperior Courts complexes. More importantly, the local bar has helped establish aJustice Center for the Inland Empire in Riverside. The Justice Center is the site of statesuperior courts, criminal courts, the State Court of Appeals, a branch of a United StatesDistrict Court, a branch of a U.S. Bankruptcy Court, a Workers Compensation AppealsBoard, a County Family Court, and an extensive county law library. This comprehensivecluster -- ranging from California trial and appellate practice, to federal trial practice, tofederal bankruptcy practice -- is found in only six other cities in California. It isnonetheless missing a key ingredient -- a first-rate ABA-accredited law school. Thepresiding Federal District Court Judge in Riverside, Robert Timlin, noted, “Onedrawback [to the legal community in Riverside] is the lack of a major law school in theRiverside area.”7 Finally, there is an obvious community need for an accredited lawschool in the Riverside/San Bernardino area.

In preparing this proposal, UCR retained ABA consultant Victor Rosenblum ofNorthwestern University School of Law to guide its efforts. In addition, UCR retained

6 The most similar arrangement can be found at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law School, which hoststhe only combined county and academic law library in the United States.7 Los Angeles Daily Journal, Mar. 19, 1999.


the Honorable Henry Ramsey, Jr., former California State Court Judge and formerChairperson of the ABA Section of Legal Education and Admission to the Bar.8 TheABA accreditation committee recommended Donald Dunn, Dean and former LawLibrarian of Western New England School of Law, to assess our facilities, collection,staffing, resources, and operating budget needs. We also benefited from ideas providedby Michael Moore, University of Pennsylvania School of Law, and formerly on the USCand Boalt Hall law faculties; Heidi Hurd, University of Pennsylvania School of Law; andLarry Alexander, University of San Diego Law School.

II. Need for a Public, UC-Quality Law School in Southern California

A. Need for a Public, UC-Quality Law School in California

California’s Master Plan for Higher Education (the “Master Plan”) gives UC the primaryresponsibility for both graduate and professional public education in the state. TheUniversity of California discharges its legal education obligation through four existinglaw schools: Boalt Hall at UC Berkeley, King Hall at UC Davis, and law schools atHastings and UCLA. Despite this mandate -- provision of public, UC-quality legaleducation -- the State of California has not kept pace with population growth or studentdemand, especially in Southern California.

The University of California established its last law school, Davis’ King Hall, in 1965.From 1965 to 2005, the population of the state will have more than doubled, from about18 million to more than 37 million.9 (The year 2005 marks the first projected graduatingclass of the proposed UCR law school.) Despite the dramatic population increase overthe last 25 years, the total number of students graduating from UC law schools hasremained largely constant since the mid-1970s. Even with UCR's proposed graduation of75 students with J.D. degrees in 2005, the ratio will fall well short of the ratio that existedwhen Davis graduated its first class. The demand for a UC law education will onlycontinue to increase as the population of qualified students entering California highereducation (popularly known as Tidal Wave II) receives baccalaureate degrees and seeksadvanced degrees.

It has been argued that California has more than enough lawyers. However, few woulddisagree that there is always a need for well-trained, competent and qualified attorneys tomeet the needs of an ever-changing society. In fact, UCR consultants and local membersof the bar stressed the concern that the superior caliber of attorneys known to beproduced by UC-system law schools is in short supply. Nevertheless, the widely sharedbelief that we live in overly litigious times persists. Even if this belief is true, it often

8 Among his many achievements, Judge Ramsey is also a former Boalt Hall professor and former Dean of HowardUniversity Law School.9 The 1999 population is about 34 million, according to the Department of Finance.


entails the mistaken conflating of attorneys and litigators. In fact, a very small percentageof attorneys are full-time litigators. The overwhelming majority of attorneys do notlitigate at all. According to our consultants, on the most liberal interpretation possible,less than seventeen percent of the legal profession is engaged in litigation.10

Indeed, if it is the case that we have failed to provide a UC-quality legal education thathas kept pace with California’s burgeoning population since 1965, it could be argued thatwe are unwitting contributors to society’s litigiousness by redirecting many highlyqualified students to less well-regarded private law schools. Such schools typically donot enjoy UC’s faculty appointments and promotions procedures -- protocols designed toensure faculty of the highest caliber.

Motivated in part by a desire to rein in the perceived litigiousness by some members ofthe profession, the legal profession and courts are moving toward increased use ofmediation, arbitration, and other forms of alternative dispute resolution to moderatedisputes. UCR believes, as do the experts with whom we have consulted, that this effortwill go a long way in reducing long and time-consuming lawsuits that often languish inthe court system. In so doing, however, this will also increase the need for a new type oflawyer for the twenty-first century -- one who is not only skilled and knowledgeable inthe law, but one who is able to resolve disputes quickly by utilizing a complex network ofresources outside the traditional court system.

The need for well-trained and highly skilled lawyers transcends the Southern Californiaregion. According to the National Association for Law Placement, employment of lawschool graduates was up for the fifth consecutive year since 1993.11 Of the 35,387graduates in the class of 1998 for whom employment status is known (about 90 percent ofall law school graduates), note that:

Ø 31,830, or 90 percent, were employed full or part-time in legal or other positions;

Ø The median salary nationwide for full-time employment was $45,000;12 and

10 Our ABA advisor, the Honorable Henry Ramsey, Jr., informs us of the following. There are presently 1,000,440lawyers in the U.S., with about 350,000 lawyer members of the ABA. There are only about 58,000 ABA membersin the ABA litigation section, constituting about 16.5 percent of the ABA membership. This percentage, weassume, represents a plausible upper bound for lawyers engaged in litigation, but is probably misleadingly high.Not all of these people are litigators because some members have an interest in the work of the section, althoughthey are not litigators, e.g., judges and academics. Moreover, it is difficult to identify who is a litigator. Manysmall practitioners litigate occasionally, and might or might not be considered litigators. The number of lawyerswho do litigation full- or nearly full-time is likely to be much smaller than the 16.5 percent number indicatedabove.

In contrast there are about 5100 fellows of the American College of Trial Lawyers, or about 1/2 of 1 percent ofall lawyers (one does not have to be a member of the ABA to be a fellow). This group probably constitutes full-time litigators, but is probably on the low side. The percentage of lawyers who are full-time litigators that are ofconcern to the public is, thus, difficult to identify with much precision.11 Jobs and JDs, Employment and Salaries of New Law Graduates: Class of 1998, p. 12.12 Ibid., p. 10.


Ø 776 were enrolled in advanced degree programs.

Less than five percent of those seeking employment were unemployed13

California represents one of the strongest areas in the nation in terms of continued de-mand for well-trained lawyers. California ranks second only to New York in employingrecent law school graduates.14 The mean initial income for recent law school graduates inCalifornia is $64,323; the median income is $60,000, ranking California third behind onlyNew York and Washington D.C.15

B. Need for a UC Law School in Southern California’s Inland Empire

Of the four UC law schools, UCLA’s is the only one in Southern California, despite thefact that more than sixty percent of the state’s population is centered in 10 southerncounties.

Application and enrollment data are striking in this regard. According to UC Office ofthe President, UCLA received 3,957 applications in 1997, and enrolled 381 (less than 10percent of its applicants). In 1998 UCLA received 4,282 applications and enrolled 277(6.5 percent of its applicants). For all the ABA accredited law schools in SouthernCalifornia in 1997 for which full admission data are available, there were 21,717applications and just 7,325 admits (37 percent), and 2,659 enrolled (12 percent) (SeeTable 1, “First-Year Enrollment Statistics for Southern California Law Schools, Fall1997”). For 1998, there was a greater number of applications, but fewer enrollees.16 (SeeTable 2, “First-Year Enrollment Statistics for Southern California Law Schools, Fall1998”). However, although UCLA is receiving both the greatest number and greatestpercentage of applications (18.6 percent) of Southern California law schools, it had only13.8 percent of the total students enrolling in 1997 and 10.7 percent in 1998. Eighty-sixto eighty-nine percent of the law students in Southern California are enrolling in privateschools.17

While such high application-to-enrollment ratios promote selectivity, UC-admissiblestudents appear to be denied the opportunity to attend high quality public law schools.The Imwinkelried Report noted this point in 1991; the competition for scarce spaces hasonly increased since then. 18 Thus, it appears that many UC-qualified applicants have

13 Ibid., pp. 9-10.14 Ibid., p. 62.15 Ibid., p. 76.16 The data do not indicate how many students apply to more than one school of law or how many are not admittedto any school of law. The data also do not indicate how many of the applicants would be UC eligible.17 These numbers would be even more dramatic if we included unaccredited and California-only accredited lawschools.18 Imwinkelried Report, p. 19


little choice but to apply to more expensive private schools or to go out of state to lawschool, thereby incurring costly out-of-state tuition charges.

The cost differential between UC and private law schools is substantial. Tuition at theeight private, ABA-approved law schools in Southern California averaged $20,492 in1999, almost double that of UCLA ($10,972) (See Table 3, “Cost of ABA-Approved LawSchools in Northern California,” and Table 4, “Cost of ABA-Approved Law Schools inSouthern California”). Students, thus, face substantial opportunity costs in attending pri-vate schools.

C. Inland Empire Legal Services Need

During the 1965-2005 period, the population of California is expected to double; thepopulation of Riverside and San Bernardino Counties combined is expected to nearlytriple. The population of Riverside and San Bernardino Counties together, the fastestgrowing area of California and one of the fastest growing areas in the country, isestimated to be about 3.8 million and will constitute approximately 10 percent of thestate’s population by 2005.19

Consider the following: by 2005, the population of Riverside and San BernardinoCounties is projected to continue to:

Ø exceed that of Orange County (estimated to be about 3 million; the 1999population is about 2.78 million);

Ø exceed that of Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties taken together (estimated to beabout 1.4 million; the 1999 population is about 1.15 million)l; and

Ø exceed San Diego and Imperial Counties combined (estimated to be about 3.2million; the 1999 population is about 3 million) (See Figure 1).

19 The current population in the region is approximately 3.2 million.


Figure 1Population Growth in Southern Counties

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Riverside/San BernardioCountiesOrange County

Santa Barbara/VenturaCountiesSan Diego County

Moreover, the Riverside/San Bernardino Counties’ population in 2005 will be nearly aslarge as was Los Angeles County when UCLA opened its law school in 1949 (about 4million), and more than twice as large the population of the State of California in 1900(1.49 million) six years after Boalt Hall was officially established in 1894.

Apart from general population statistics, which suggest the need for improved access to ahigh-quality, ABA accredited public law school, the Inland Empire also appears to besignificantly underserved legally, as is evident from Figure 2.

Figure 2: Population/Lawyer

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A 1990 study published by the American Bar Association cites an explosion in the use oflegal services as leading to a $91 billion/year service industry employing nearly onemillion people. The legal profession has surpassed the medical profession in the numberof licensed professionals, with one lawyer for every 320 persons in the U.S. By 1998,California had a richer mix than the nation – a 1:259 ratio of lawyers to “civilians.” Incontrast, Riverside and San Bernardino counties’ lawyer to “civilian” ratio is a startling1:859, just over one third the national ratio. This ratio is not comparable to the rest ofSouthern California. In Los Angeles, the ratio is 1:231; Orange County – 1:247; SanDiego and Imperial Counties combined, 1:262; Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties1:397 people. (See Figure 2).

The 3.2 million citizens of California currently living in the Inland Empire appear to beunderserved relative to the nation, state and comparable Southern California regions. By2005, with an estimated 3.8 million living in the area, this will only be exacerbated unlesssteps are initiated now to remedy this deficiency.

The need for more attorneys in the Inland Empire seems plain, given the statistical datacited. Beyond mere numbers, however, a law school located at UCR could contribute tothe provision of legal services, modeled on service provided by the AgriculturalExperiment Station, conduct pro bono work, particularly for the needy, and supportcontinuing education for the bench and the bar. At the same time, the Inland Empire’scommunity can contribute to the law school by generating financial support, serving in anadvisory capacity, creating mentorships, internships/externships, fellowship programs,and adjunct teaching relationships.

D. University of California Obligations

It has already been noted that the University of California has provided a decreasing shareof law school education over time. Moreover, the Imwinkelried Report indicated that asearly as 1961 the University "planned to expand its law school enrollment to substantiallymore than 2,500 spaces," (not counting Hastings Law School).20 As of 1991, this goalhad not been accomplished. Six years later, during the 1997-98 academic year, accordingto official American Bar Association statistics (the most recent date for which informa-tion is available), there were only about 2300 students enrolled for the J.D. in campus-affiliated UC law schools.

For the 1997-1998 academic year, with more than 10,000 applications, the UC systemreceived 12-13 applications for every seat in its first-year law classes (See Table 1). Inthat same year, the UC Law Schools' share of first year enrollments in California ABA-approved law schools was 17 percent, with the remainder enrolled in private schools orHastings. (See Tables 1 and 2).

20 Imwinkelried Report.


It is our contention that the University can do a better job of providing access to legaleducation in Southern California, especially in the Inland Empire. Inland Empireresidents interested in a UC legal education must go to Los Angeles or NorthernCalifornia. Those leaving the region in search of a legal education often do not return,leading to a net out-migration of potential legal talent, further exacerbating the lack oflegal representation in this region. Costs associated with attending out-of-area lawschools further burdens citizens in inland Southern California interested in the study oflaw.21

Apart from population and admissions statistics, the 1991 UC system's ImwinkelriedReport cited several qualitative reasons for a UCR law school, among them:

Ø Ethnic and income diversity tend to be better represented at UC law schools thanat private ones.22

Ø Expanding enrollment in UC law schools would support increased diversity of thebar to better reflect the diverse population of California. This in turn would en-hance legal services of all kinds to a broad spectrum of California citizens. 23

Ø Providing a greater number of opportunities in UC-quality law schools will helpreduce growing frustration of California students qualified for UC law schools butwho are unable to attend, given the lack of capacity in the existing system.24

Ø Additional graduates from UC law schools would improve the quality of the Cali-fornia bar.25

Quality indicators from both law school admission statistics and bar examination pass-rates suggest that UC-entering students and UC law school graduates are among the bestin the state. (See Table 5, “Quality Indicators of ABA-Accredited Law Schools inCalifornia – Fall 1997 & Fall 1998”). Admissions statistics suggest that UC law schools,on average, both admit better students and have a lesser spread between the top andbottom quartiles of their entering classes than do the vast majority of private law schools.California bar examination pass-rates support the conclusions of the Imwinkelried Reportas well. According to the ABA for schools accredited by both California and the ABA,the bar examination pass rate was 62.8 percent in February 1998. For schools with onlystate accreditation, the pass rate was 40.4 percent. Schools with neither state nor ABAaccreditation had a pass rate of only 3.7 percent. The California bar pass rate for UClaw schools is dramatically higher. The pass-rate for those sitting for the bar the first

21 Ibid., p. 19. Students from inland Southern California will also "probably have to incur substantial living andtravel expenses. Moreover, many fail to return to the Inland Empire when they enter the practice of law."22 Ibid., p. 12.23 Ibid., p. 15.24 Ibid., p. 19.25 Ibid., p. 18.


time in February 1998 was as follows: Berkeley -- 89.2 percent; Davis -- 92.9 percent;Hastings -- 90.4 percent; and Los Angeles -- 81.6 percent. (See Table 5).

Finally, the Imwinkelried Report noted "[J]ust as UC is considering a tenth campus tomeet the demands of qualified undergraduates who have been unable to find places in theUC system, so should it consider expanding enrollment to meet the demands of qualifiedlaw school applicants."26 In light of the recent decision to establish a tenth campus, thisstatement seems even more pertinent today than in 1991.

E. Student Demand and the Reasons for Establishing a Law School at UCR

There appears to be substantial student demand for a UC law school in this region. Whilemuch of the evidence has already been presented, there are additional reasons for thinkingthere would be a more specific student demand for a UCR law school.

Regional Demand - A UCR law school will be the only ABA-approved law school in theInland Empire.

Cost - A UCR law school would provide access at a reasonable cost. UCR is in a regionof the state in which housing and other living expenses are much more reasonable forstudents compared with the major metropolitan area locations of three other UC lawschools.

Diversity – In the aftermath of Proposition 209, UC was initially perceived asinhospitable to underrepresented students. UCR appears to be exempt from this overallperception, in light of the fact that well-qualified students continue to apply to UCR atthe undergraduate level in large numbers, often in preference to well-known privateschools.27 In contrast, enrollment of underrepresented students at campus-based UC lawschools has dropped from a high of about 200 in the fall of 1994 to 57 in the fall of1999.28 There is more than anecdotal evidence to suggest that many of the most highlyqualified students from underrepresented groups no longer make UC law schools theirchoice, a perception with which we do not believe UCR will be burdened.

Outreach and Training - A UCR law school can take advantage of the specialopportunities provided by the Riverside Justice Center for internships, externships, andother outreach activities. The concentration of courts presents a rare opportunity forstudents to clerk, observe and apply their legal education in the practical context of stateand federal trial practice (where evidence presentation is important), state appellatepractice (where argument about precedents and legal policy is the required skill), andfederal bankruptcy law (with its own body of law). In addition, students will be able to

26 Ibid., pp. 19-20.27 James Taub, “The Class of Pro 209,” New York Times Magazine, May 2, 1999, pp. 46-47.28 Letter to members of the Committee on Educational Policy from Richard C. Atkinson, President, Sept. 13, 1999.


participate actively in and observe arbitration, mediation, and other alternative disputeresolution practices. The academic content of a law school curriculum can perhaps beacquired at any law school site, but law is also a profession in which the theories areapplied in everyday life. While the other UC law schools offer clinics and externships,UCR provides a unique opportunity for hands-on experience in the field.

Employment - A UCR law school would help serve the region, enhance the delivery oflegal services to it, and have a ready place of employment for its graduates.

Justice Center Anchor - A UCR law school provides the missing institutional linchpin forthe Riverside Justice Center. It would provide legal assistance to the courts. It couldbecome the coordinating nexus for Riverside’s Justice Center programs, clinics, andcommunity education endeavors. Well-designed and managed clinical and legaleducation programs, under the direction of the faculty could enhance many public serviceprograms, including: legal services for the poor, elderly and infirm; legal research forsole practitioners or small law firms; Moot court, mock trial, Law Day, and other BarAssociation events.

In addition to the above considerations, it is important to note that the UCR law schoolenjoys support from the community that is perhaps unequaled in California.

Each of the bar associations in the Inland Empire has passed resolutions calling for theestablishment of a law school at UCR. Literally hundreds of lawyers and othersassociated with the legal profession have signed petitions calling for a law school in theregion. The Riverside and San Bernardino County Bar Associations have expressed awillingness to create special programs that will benefit the participants. Most, if not all,of the governmental agencies in the Inland Empire, as well as state legislators from thearea, have endorsed and/or passed resolutions confirming their support for a law school.

The Trustees of the Miceli Law Library have committed themselves to the developmentof the law school by agreeing to transfer its facilities and legal collection to UCR. Thelaw library will make available its contiguous land for the law school campus in the eventthat the decision is made to locate the law school in downtown Riverside. At present, theMiceli Law Library has been appraised to have holdings valued in excess of $2 million,and the building is valued in excess of $7.7 million. These figures do not include thevalue of the real estate on which the library sits. In addition to the $9+ millioncommitment of the Miceli Law Library Trustees, UCR has already received a gift inexcess of $5 million from Henry Coil, specifically earmarked for the creation of a lawschool.

Because the capital needs of a UCR law school are well beyond the $14 million alreadyearmarked for this purpose, UCR will have to undertake a major capital initiative to raise


the remaining funds. The remaining funding will be sought from donors, the UC system,and the California legislature.29

III. The Proposed Law School

UCR plans to graduate well-educated Doctors of Jurisprudence by providing innovativeresearch and teaching programs that focus on the law as a broadly based field ofintellectual inquiry. It would strive for synergy with critical disciplines that provide thefoundations of the law as well as other academic strengths of the general campus. Itwould strive to educate leaders who will act in the best interests of social responsibilityby improving legal institutions as well as other institutions of society. And, it would seekto provide support for the community’s legal institutions.

A. Distinctive Characteristics and Fit with Other Academic Programs at UCR

We plan for more than an ordinary Juris Doctor program, consistent with the UCtradition. We also anticipate and will encourage research and teaching synergy betweenthe law school and several specific areas of campus strength. This effort will befacilitated by joint appointments and jointly taught seminars between the law school andthe letters and sciences core, collaboration between law school and general campusfaculty on joint research projects, and joint degree programs. Potential collaborativepossibilities exist between the Law School and units housed in the College of Humanities,Arts, and Social Sciences; the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; and theCollege of Engineering.

Our primary mechanism for achieving some of these objectives is a three-year curriculumleading to the J.D. degree. Its broad dimensions would be set by ABA accreditationrequirements. A specific curriculum will be proposed by the Dean and the law schoolfaculty, subject to Academic Senate approval and ABA accreditation.

1. Distinctive Characteristics and Synergy

Law and its Foundations

For many years, legal scholarship and education have regarded the law as an almost self-contained discipline, autonomous from other academic disciplines. On this older viewthe aim was to learn specific legal doctrines, decided cases, statutes and their relationshipto one another. There remains a need for this in legal education, but the mostdistinguished law schools reject this view as the dominant aim of students' training.

29 State funds will be sought for operating costs.


Instead, legal scholarship and education at the schools in highest demand view the law asdependent upon the insights of other disciplines. Legal research and education must aimto understand the ideas that motivate legal doctrines, the history behind their developmentand their current theoretical justifiability. The most prestigious law schools havegravitated toward this interdisciplinary view of the law over time; UCR intends to beguided by this philosophy from the outset.

In educating lawyers for law practice broadly conceived, the same theory-laden,interdisciplinary approach serves them well. Students should attend to the generalprinciples that underlie different areas of the law; they should understand the competingnormative visions of corrective justice, retributive justice, natural rights, economicefficiency, etc., that have been seen as underlying the law. Well-educated students needto be exposed to sufficient economics, philosophy, psychology, political theory andhistory so that they can assess the justifiability of law they are learning. With thisbackground they will be prepared to address far-reaching changes in the law that likelywill occur during the course of their professional careers. More fundamentalunderstandings of the foundations of the law and its history will provide guidance whenspecific legal doctrines change under pressure from external developments, e.g., fromscience, such as developments in DNA research and testing, or from cyberspace from theeffect of computers and the internet on conceptions of property.

Turning this idea into a teaching program would depend upon making joint appointmentsbetween the law school and critical letters and sciences departments, and upon the lawschool drawing on faculty from the letters and sciences core to contribute to the teachingof both introductory courses and advanced seminars. Such strategies have been adoptedby schools such as Harvard, Yale, NYU, and Berkeley.

Law and Ethics

An important aspect of our view of the relationship between law and the fields thatprovide its foundations is the relationship between law and ethics broadly conceived,which we plan to develop. The reason for emphasizing this is that we also seek toproduce law graduates who will have a strong sense of social responsibility, who willresist the many temptations of unethical practice they will face over the course of theircareers, and who will seek to promote the public good in their professional and personallives. This involves a more thoroughgoing understanding of law and the variety of ethicalideals embedded in it than is required in courses in professional ethics.

In a modern pluralistic and multicultural society, the law confronts problems that arisefrom at least four sources: conflicts between the competing cultural values of differentsocial groups, the pressures of global interdependence, the rapidity of currenttechnological change, and the complexity of contemporary moral and political choices.The premise behind an emphasis in Law and Ethics is that fair and socially responsiblesolutions to these problems will require lawyers, judges, and legal theorists who can bring


together the resources of many disciplines and who have a sound understanding of thesubtleties of our complex legal system.

In an era marked by increasing struggles for recognition on the part of different culturalgroups, the legal community will have to be sensitive both to differing cultural values andto questions of individual rights protected by the Constitution. In an era of globalinterdependence, it will have to be able to think practically about the institutionaldynamics of power and governance. In an era of rapid technological change, it will haveto understand the complexities of economic analysis; in an era of information, it will havebe able to think critically about basic moral and political choices. Legal responses tosuch problems as environmental hazards, the allocation of limited social resources, andthe resolution of ethical disputes will profit from a thorough knowledge of theireconomic, philosophic, political, and social dimensions, and from a capacity to thinkrigorously about the basic questions they raise.

UCR has a significant number of faculty who work in areas that contribute both to thefoundations of law, and to law and ethics. In Economics they address issues ofmicroeconomics and how that may illuminate areas of the law; efficiency, justice, andpower in comparative political economy; and the political economy of the state. TheDepartment of History faculty provides expertise in the history of early democracy, theEnglish background of American law, as well as twentieth-century intellectual historyfocusing on political thought. The Political Science Department has faculty with interestsin subjects closely related to the law, including politics and the legal order, constitutionallaw, democratic theory, and the American political system. The Philosophy Faculty hasexpertise, both contemporary and historical, on justice, legal and moral responsibility,critical theory, liberal political theory, feminism, morality, law, and environmental issues,all topics of importance currently addressed in law schools. Religious Studies offersclasses on current issues in religious ethics and on religion, economy and society.

UCR faculty members working in the above and related areas would serve as resourcesfor a concentration in law and ethics and a faculty on which to build a strong foundationfor a rich interdisciplinary-oriented law school. They would provide law students withthe opportunity to address critical ethical issues outside of those involved in their ownprofession (in legal ethics courses that are part of any law school training) and to deepentheir understanding of theoretical and historical social, ethical and political issues in thelaw. Just as important, the research and teaching of the faculty in the humanities andsocial sciences would be enriched by an affiliation with the law school by joining theexpertise of the law with disciplines in the humanities and social sciences.

Law and the Environment


Since the National Environmental Protection Act and the California EnvironmentalQuality Act were enacted in 1979, there has been a steady stream of laws and regulationsaffecting our air, water, flora, and fauna.30 This profusion of legislation, coupled withincreasing public pressure to protect the environment and natural resources, has led to theneed for lawyers trained in environmental and natural resource law. UCR is uniquelysituated to serve at the nexus of regulatory interpretation and compliance, resourceallocation, planning, and reclamation, combined with sound environmental science.

Nearly 70 current UCR faculty conduct research in the area of environmental sciences,including: atmospheric processes, such as biogeochemical cycling and bioaccumulation;contaminant fate and transport in soil, water, and air systems; environmental managementand policy; environmental monitoring and risk assessment; exposure assessment andbiological effects of chemicals; dynamic processes at land-air-water interfaces; pollutantdetection and analysis; and pollution remediation and waste management. Othersignificant UCR resources include the U.S. Salinity Laboratory; the Air PollutionResearch Center; the College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research andTechnology; and the Centers for Water and Wildland Resources.

Recently, a Graduate Research Unit (GRU) in Environmental Sciences and Engineeringwas formed under the direction of Dr. William Jury. This group consists of 66professorial and adjunct faculty representing eight environmentally oriented graduateprograms. The Department of Environmental Sciences is now developing a graduatedegree in Environmental Sciences, which will include a track in Environmental Policyand Management. At the undergraduate level, UCR was among the first in the nation tooffer a BS degree in Environmental Sciences. The social science option provides anintroduction to environmental and resource economics, policy, and law.

UCR's growing strength in ecology, evolution, systematics, and behavior led to the recentformation of a Center for Conservation Biology. UCR also has unique resources tosupport its research in this area: eight natural reserves in ecologically and geologicallydiverse communities, forty germplasm collections, extensive biodiversity databases, andone of the largest botanic gardens in the UC system. In addition to the Center, UCR has aGraduate Research Unit (GRU) in Evolution and Ecology. Made up of 25 faculty acrossa variety of departments and disciplines, the GRU administers a Ph.D. program, serves asan umbrella-recruiting program, and provides a regular seminar series. At theundergraduate level, conservation biology is an upper division track within the biologicalsciences major.

A law school faculty with expertise in environmental and natural resource law wouldconsiderably strengthen the campus' resources in the broad area of environmental 30 Laws passed from 1972 to 1980 include the Clean Air Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Endan-gered Species Act, amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Safe DrinkingWater Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Comprehen-sive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (also known as Superfund).


management and policy. A graduate-level course in environmental law would provideessential information for any student in the environmental sciences and engineering field,as well as students in evolution and ecology. The law provides the institutional matrixwithin which scientific questions are raised for environmental policy purposes. Similarly,a good grounding in the pertinent science can help decisionmakers shape the law that isformulated.

Taking advantage of the environmental- and conservation-related courses offered on thecampus could also enhance the training of law students. Existing seminar series couldreadily be expanded to include topics of interest to law students and faculty and, in fact,both segments of the campus would benefit from such an exchange. Numerousopportunities for interaction among faculty members also exist. Many faculty currentlyconduct research in areas directly related to the development of scientifically basedregulations. The direct interaction with law school faculty would greatly enhance thepotential for the transfer and translation of scientific research into sound regulations.

Law and Family Studies

A law faculty with a specialty in family law interacting with campus scholars in the areaof family studies would simultaneously provide UCR with a niche that is intellectuallyexciting, socially responsible, and capable of bringing national prominence. In the past,the predominant focus of family law has been marriage dissolution. As a result, noprestigious law school has developed a specialty in family law. Hence, there is anopportunity within this niche if the area is more broadly defined. By focusing on theresponsibilities, rights, and protection of children and spouses (both male and female), thestudy and advancement of a family law curriculum can be expanded to include a largercross-section of the population.

The UCR campus is already a leader in the area of family studies, serving as home to theCenter for Family Studies and the Presley Center for Crime and Justice Studies. TheseCenters are able to draw upon an expansive pool of scholarly resources, fueled by facultyfrom the departments of Psychology, Sociology, History, Anthropology, Economics,Women's Studies, and the School of Education. In fact, a special feature of the twocenters is their interest in the cultural diversity of families and their exploration of thestrengths and limitations families from different ethnic backgrounds bring to problemsfacing families today. Another is their emphasis on children (e.g., what is the effect offamily finances and community support on the social development and academicachievement of Anglo- and Mexican-American children?). Other areas of study andexpertise within these centers include: adoption, child abuse, child placement (e.g.,custody, foster care, group homes), divorce, domestic violence, and marriage. Currentlythe Center for Family Studies, UCR Extension's Department of Law and Public Policy,and the Family Law Section of the American Bar Association are engaged in discussionsto create educational seminars and research projects in the law and family studies area.


Social science research can significantly enhance legal policies, laws, and judicialdecisions regarding family matters. Such knowledge can inform diverse and hotlydebated issues such as children's legal status, the reliability of children's testimony, orhow to best interview child witnesses so as to get an unbiased account. Another richtradition of social science research concerns domestic violence, knowledge of which canhelp create laws and encourage judicial decisions that decrease incidents and save lives.Social scientists can also provide much needed advanced training for lawyers and judgesin survey data and statistical analysis. This would empower them to successfullyunderstand and/or challenge expert testimony involving the design and collection of suchdata, as well as any interpretation of the data.

In turn, social scientists working in the area of family studies can benefit enormouslyfrom interacting with lawyers and judges who work in family law. Their legal knowledgeand hands-on experience can inform social science research in important ways. First,understanding differences in family laws across jurisdictions can help researchers bothdesign studies and interpret findings, e.g., do states differ in pressing charges againstperpetrators of crime? Second, social scientists need to be aware of how laws affectingfamilies emerge and develop, e.g., to what extent does the manner in which custodydecisions are made help to uphold or challenge current family structures? Third, lawyerscan inform social scientists as to how police practices and court procedures interact to aidor create problems for juveniles and families, e.g., how precisely or casually is gangmembership specified and how does such identification affect sentencing?

Finally, family law provides an excellent opportunity to achieve one of the goals of thelaw school: service to the community through pro bono work and clinical programs well-grounded in social science research. Indeed, a special feature of UCR’s legal education isthe expectation that every UCR law school student would engage in the equivalent of atleast a semester of pro bono work during his or her law school studies. This commitmentwould ensure that each UCR law student pursues the study of law with the ever-presentunderstanding of the civic responsibilities that accompany membership in the legalprofession. Moreover, it is our hope that this would instill UCR law students with theproper sensitivity to issues they will confront upon graduation – namely, that civicresponsibility is a priority, not an impediment.31

B. Teaching Program

1. The Juris Doctor Degree

31 The unique communities in the Inland Empire present countless possibilities and opportunities for UCR lawstudents to serve. For example, the region is home to the largest concentration of Native American reservations inthe State. Indeed, the specialized and highly technical nature of Native American Tribal Laws would afford anopportunity for the development of invaluable expertise in that area.


Almost all law schools operate under the semester system, including all four UC lawschools. We propose the same for UCR.32

The faculty would offer six core courses taught during each semester of the first year:Civil Procedure, Contracts, Constitutional Law, Torts, Criminal Law, and Property. Atfull enrollment (150 students per first-year class), the entering class would be split intotwo sections, with 75 students in each section.33 (See Table 6, “Enrollment Growth andFaculty FTE Allocations”). ABA required Legal Research and Writing as well asProfessional Responsibility would also be offered during the first year. (See Table 7,“Faculty Course Needs”).

The faculty would devote the remaining two years of the law school curriculum toteaching bar courses, courses in specialized fields of the law, and advanced seminars. Adetailed curriculum will be developed by the Dean and the law school faculty, guided bytheir experience and the success of programs in nationally ranked law schools. It wouldbe reviewed and adopted by the Academic Senate. 34

We expect the law school to be fully integrated into the campus mission, detailed above.To achieve this objective, we plan to aggressively seek joint appointments of existing andfuture faculty members within existing departments at UCR (e.g., Sociology, Philosophy,Environmental Studies, Political Science, History, Psychology, etc.), as well as lawschool faculty possessing both J.D. and Ph.D. degrees.

Finally, we anticipate offering a program of clinical legal education that is consistent withcontemporary legal education and programs at many leading law schools. Notablemodels exist at Harvard, NYU, Georgetown, UCLA.

2. Future Degree Programs

Although the programs noted here are not proposed for initial approval, they will beconsidered as the law school matures.

Joint Graduate Degrees. We anticipate that the vision of a law school, with its intimaterelationship to the letters and sciences core of the campus will also lead to joint graduateprograms between the law school and these departments, as well as with otherprofessional schools. Joint graduate programs, emphasizing either an MA or MS, as wellas the Ph.D., will help reinforce the common academic culture between the law schooland letters and science units. Joint programs at the master's degree level, e.g., a joint J.D.and M.S. in environmental toxicology would enhance the understanding and credentials 32 If it is decided that the School of Law will operate under the quarter system, appropriate adjustments in thecurriculum will be made.33 Alternatively, the faculty could cover most or all of the basic topics in a broad, comprehensive, two-semestersequence and then devote the balance of their effort to advanced courses.34 Sample first-year and generic second- and third-year curricula are indicated in Appendix B.


of one interested in toxic tort litigation; or in governmental, public interest or industrypolicy positions; or enhance a scientist's understanding of the law for governmental,public interest, or industry work. Other students seeking to do original research, whichwould contribute to law and another field, would more likely take a J.D.-Ph.D. degreeprogram.35

It will be particularly important to develop an academic culture both in the coredepartments and the law school that facilitates, supports and encourages interactionbetween the law school and the general campus faculty and students. Our colleagues andstudents must believe in the importance of this and act upon it by taking advantage ofopportunities presented by the research and teaching available elsewhere than in the unitwith which they are identified. Joint degree programs will contribute to this. Jointcourses, team-taught by faculty from a letters and sciences department and a member ofthe law school faculty for the benefit of students from both units, and collaboration onjoint research projects, where these make sense, will further contribute to thisinterdisciplinary culture.

Accelerated B.A./J.D. Degree Program. In addition, at maturity we propose thedevelopment of an outstanding accelerated B.A./J.D. degree program (six years total,analogous to the UCR Biomedical Sciences Program) modeled on Oxford University’sPhilosophy, Politics and Economics degree. Such a Program would offer a number ofwell qualified entering freshmen the possibility of entering the UCR law school at the endof three years, provided they completed specific courses each quarter and met specificgrade point average and other selection criteria at the end of each of the three years. Thevirtue of such a program is that it would be done well and would attract particularly highquality students with an interest in law to the College of Humanities, Arts and SocialSciences, much as the Biomedical Sciences program does to the College of Natural andAgricultural Sciences. It would also provide a portion of a high-quality students for theentering law school class.36 Students entering the UCR Law School at the end of theirjunior year would receive their BA degree at the end of their first year of law school andtheir J.D. degree in six years instead of the normal seven.

IV. Relation to Other UC Schools

All of the law schools currently offer program concentrations and/or special clinicsinvolving environmental law. None of these relate to agriculture, a unique specializationat UCR. Only Boalt Hall and Hastings offer concentrations in family law, and none of

35 The American Bar Association specifically permits 220 semester hours of law study (out of a total of 1120 hoursrequired for the J.D.) to satisfy requirements of two academic programs that are part of a joint degree program.The permissibility of doing this provides institutional incentives for law students to broaden their horizons by tak-ing courses from the core of the campus.36 Students who were not successful in gaining admission at the end of their junior year could complete theirB.A./B.S. degrees and apply to the UCR or other law schools during their final year of the undergraduate program.


the existing UC law schools offer areas of concentrations in law and ethics. Currently,two law schools allow students to take 8 and 10 units, respectively, of law-related coursesoutside of their respective law schools. UCR’s plan is unique because the core campus-law school synergy will allow law students to take more than a few law-related courses(within ABA limits). This will deepen their foundation for the study and practice of lawand provide them with opportunities to learn practical, social and scientific values thatcan be combined with the law. They will also be exposed to research opportunities nottypically available in a law school setting.

V. Faculty and Resources

A. Faculty

The quality and creativity of the faculty will be the most critical element during the lawschool’s development period. It will be necessary to make faculty appointments prior tothe arrival of the first class of students, in order to develop the programs and curriculum.At maturity the School will require 26 faculty FTE in order to support the curriculum for450 students. (See Table 7; see also Table 8, “UCR Law School at Maturity”).

B. School Operating Budget

The core operating budget for the School of the Law consists of 26 Faculty FTE and 19staff FTE, exclusive of the Law Library. The annual operating costs at maturity (450students) will be approximately $5.0M (stated at 1998-99 levels). (See Table 8). Acombination of state funding for UC enrollment growth, UC professional school fees forlaw students and UC student registration fees will be utilized to support the coreoperating budget. (See Table 7).

Start up funding will be required because of the need to hire administrators, faculty andstaff in advance of the enrollment growth for the school. It is anticipated that up to $5million will be required in start-up funding over a 3-5 year period.

C. Law Library Operating Budget

It is envisioned that the UCR Law School will utilize the existing Victor Miceli LawLibrary, located in downtown Riverside. According to our ABA library consultant, thecollection “represents a strong start at satisfying the ABA’s minimum requirements for acore collection.” This will have to be supplemented by additional volumes and electronicaccess in order to have a library comparable to other UC Schools (the equivalent of450,000 volumes would be needed at full development).


The Law Library operating budget is projected at $2.0M per year (stated at 1998-99levels). This consists of academic and staff positions, supplies & equipment, technologyas well as the acquisition and subscription budget. Funding will consist of support fromthe state via allocations to support UC enrollment growth and the library along withsignificant fee revenue from the Miceli Law Library/Riverside County. In addition it isanticipated that $1.5M to $2.0M will be required in start up funds for advance staffing,initial collection materials and technology.

D. Facilities

The campus secured the services of a consultant in spring of 1998 to provide apreliminary evaluation of the facilities needs for the proposed law school. The consultantprojected space needs of approximately 96,000 asf based on a projected enrollment of450 full-time students and adherence to ABA standards. The overall needs of the lawschool are summarized on the following table. Please note that use of the Miceli LawLibrary would reduce the total need to 78,000 asf.37 (See Table 9, “Overall FacilitiesNeeds of the Law School”).

There are two possible locations for the law school. One is on the UCR campus. Themore likely site is only three miles away in downtown Riverside near the Miceli LawLibrary and the Judicial Center It is not unusual for law schools to be separated from thegeneral campuses with which they are associated, e.g., Northwestern and Georgetown.Given the close proximity between downtown and the campus, and the possibility ofestablishing regular shuttle service between the two we believe that utilizing thedowntown location will allow critical synergies with all elements of the Judicial Center aswell as close intellectual relationships with faculty housed on the UCR Main Campus. Ifthe law school were to be located in downtown Riverside, there is the potential of anarrangement with the city and/or county for suitable parking of approximately 500 spaces.

The cost of these facilities is estimated to be $34 million, including all construction andsoft costs. Parking has not been included as the cost will depend on the siting of theschool. Private funding will be sought for the facilities.

37 We assume transfer to UCR of the Miceli Law Library and its holdings, which includes 40 study carrels, tableseating for 22, and a 64,879 volume collection. Special collections include a partial depository of California Statedocuments, local ordinances for all incorporated cities in the county, and all 50 annotated state codes. Specialservices include Westlaw, CDB Infotek, CD-ROM, interactive video, audio, and videotapes, telefax, and dial-inpublic catalogue. It complements the UCR collections, which are strong in Congressional documents andadministrative collections. The core Government publications holdings in the Rivera Library – including lawreviews, federal, state and regional reporters, treatises, and digests – would remain intact because of their heavyuse on the general campus.

Moreover, we are advised by Donald Dunn that this collection “represents a strong start at satisfying theABA’s minimum requirements for a core collection” (approximately 80,000 volumes are the ABA’s threshold).This will have to be augmented not only by additional volumes – our aim is 450,000 at maturity – but throughelectronic access.


Capital costs are considerable, and will require a major Office of Development initiative.Even without a law school in place, however, more than $14 million has already beensecured in advance – the Coil gift, and the assessed value of the Miceli Library buildingand its collections. Our expectation is that start-up as well as continuing costs will becovered by a combination of Professional and Registration fees, private funds, as well asstate and other funds.


TABLE 1: FIRST-YEAR ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FORSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LAW SCHOOLS, FALL 1997

ApplicationsReceived

StudentsAdmitted

ApplicationsDenied

Enrollees

California Western 1,779 1,293 486 292

Loyola Marymount 2,783 1,064 1,719 428

Pepperdine 2,265 1,046 1,219 244

Southwestern 2,193 N/A N/A 334

Thomas Jefferson 1,200 600 600 200

UCLA 3,937 1,007 2,930 381

University of San Diego 2,386 400 1,986 326

USC 3,300 877 2,423 200

Whittier 1,874 1,036 838 254

TOTAL 21,717 7,323 12,201 2,659

TABLE 2: FIRST-YEAR ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FORSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LAW SCHOOLS, FALL 1998

ApplicationsReceived

StudentsAdmitted

ApplicationsDenied

Enrollees

California Western 1,758 1,224 534 300

Loyola Marymount 2,548 1,021 1,527 358

Pepperdine 2,395 1,071 1,324 232

Southwestern 2,140 1,018 N/A 337

Thomas Jefferson 1,398 993 405 235

UCLA 4,282 841 3,441 270

University of San Diego 2,695 1,296 1,399 350


USC 3,524 850 2,674 208

Whittier 1,456 862 594 232

TOTAL 22,196 9,176 11,898 2,522


TABLE 3: COST OF ABA-APPROVED LAW SCHOOLSIN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

TUITION/FEES HOUSING &INCIDENTALS

TOTAL COSTS(in dollars)

Stanford University 25,190 16,707 41,897

Santa Clara University 20,782 15,732 36,514

McGeorge School of Law 20,762 13,910 34,672

University of San Francisco 21,008 12,850 33,858

Golden Gate 20,221 11,190 31,411

UC Hastings 11,167 15,635 26,802

UC Berkeley 10,814 12,958 23,772

UC Davis 10,859 10,808 21,667

TABLE 4: COST OF ABA-APPROVED LAW SCHOOLSIN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

TUITION/FEES HOUSING &INCIDENTALS

TOTAL COSTS

Pepperdine 22,880 15,234 38,114

USC 25,052 12,024 37,076

Whittier 21,064 15,219 36,283

California Western 20,570 14,770 35,340

Loyola Marymount 21,748 13,445 35,193

Western State 18,900 15,266 34,166

University of San Diego 20,980 12,538 33,518

Southwestern 21,040 11,430 32,470


Thomas Jefferson 18,800 13,525 32,325

UCLA 10972 13,832 24,804

Source: "The Official Guide to U.S. Law Schools 1999,"Law School Admission Council”


TABLE 5: QUALITY INDICATORS OF ABA-ACCREDITED LAW SCHOOLSIN CALIFORNIA - FALL 1997 & FALL 1998

Fall 1997 Fall 1998

School GPA LSATCA Bar

Pass Rate GPA LSATCA Bar

Pass Rate

25%/75% 25%/75% First Try* 25%/75% 25%/75% First Try**

UC-Berkeley 3.66/3.86 163/171 90.9 3.66/3.87 161/169 89.2

UC-Davis 3.25/3.64 156/162 87.1 3.24/3.62 158/164 92.3

UCLA 3.42/3.73 159/165 88.6 3.45/3.78 161/166 81.6

Hastings 3.08/3.56 158/165 80.1 3.05/3.59 159/164 90.4

UC Average 86.7 88.4

California Western 2.65/3.34 145/152 75.7 2.81/3.42 146/153 72.0

Golden Gate 2.75/3.27 148/156 68.9 2.78/3.35 146/154 69.5

Loyola Marymount 3.01/3.47 153/160 75.7 3.03/3.48 154/160 81.7

McGeorge 2.82/3.31 149/155 74.6 2.75/3.33 148/155 73.5

Pepperdine 3.02/3.51 153/159 71.8 3.01/3.51 153/160 85.2

University of San Diego 2.79/3.36 157/161 78.7 2.86/3.35 156/160 82.5

University of San Fran-

cisco

2.79/3.20 152/159 82.0 3.03/3.45 154/159 89.3

Santa Clara University 2.96/3.42 153/160 71.1 2.96/3.49 153/158 81.1

USC 3.00/3.60 159/166 82.2 3.30/3.65 159/165 88.1

Southwestern 2.67/3.24 150/154 62.9 2.69/3.20 149/153 64.7

Stanford University 3.60/3.87 165/171 87.7 3.55/3.91 164/170 91.2

Thomas Jeffferson 2.37/3.07 143/150 55.1 2.45/3.12 145/155 42.7

Whittier 2.55/3.19 148/154 62.5 2.68/3.24 146/153 68.8

Private School

Average

73.0 76.2

ABA Accredited in 1998

Chapman University 2.7/3.36 146/153 N/A

Western State 2.45/3.17 143/161 48.2

*Sum. '96 **Sum. '97


Wintr 97

Exams

Wintr '98

Exams


TABLE 6: ENROLLMENT GROWTH AND FACULTY FTE ALLOCATIONS

ENROLLMENT

1st Year Cohort Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9Yr 10Yr 11Yr 12Cohort 1 75 75 75Cohort 2 75 75 75Cohort 3 75 75 75Cohort 4 75 75 75Cohort 5 100 100 100Cohort 6 100 100 100Cohort 7 100 100 100Cohort 8 125 125 125Cohort 9 125 125 125Cohort 10 150 150 150Cohort 11 150 150Cohort 12 150Total Enrollment 75 150 225 225 250 275 300 325 350 400 425 450Net Increase 75 75 0 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25

INSTRUCTIONAL SLOTS (1 slot = 5-unit section)REQUIREMENTS BASED UPON ENROLLMENT

AND SIZE OF FIRST YEAR COHORT

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9Yr 10Yr 11Yr 12# 1st Year Groups 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Faculty FTE 6 9 12 13 17 19 21 23 24 24 26 26

Tot. Slots Available 12 30 48 52 64 72 75 82 81 81 83 83

Uses of Slots:

First Year Class 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12Second Year Class -- 24 21 23 26 30 32 35 35 35 36 36Third Year Class -- -- 21 23 26 30 31 35 34 34 35 35Total Slots 6 30 48 52 64 72 75 82 81 81 83 83

Min. # Slots Required 12 18 18 24 30 36 36 36 36 36 36Slots over Minimum 18 30 34 40 42 39 46 45 45 47 47Multiple of Minimum 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Workload Ratio 15.63 20.83 23.44 21.63 18.38 18.09 17.86 17.66 18.23 20.83 20.43 21.63Faculty FTE Incr. 3 3 1 4 22 21 0 2 0

Ladder-filled FTE 100% 75% 50% 50% 55% 55% 60% 60% 65% 65% 70% 70%Temp. Fac. FTE 0% 25% 50% 50% 45% 45% 40% 40% 35% 35% 30% 30%Ladder-filled FTE 6 6 6 6 9 10 12 13 15 15 18 18Temp. Fac. FTE -- 3 6 7 8 9 9 10 9 9 8 8


Total FTE 6 9 12 13 17 19 21 23 24 24 26 26


TABLE 7: FACULTY COURSE NEEDS

Curriculum # ofFirst Semester Courses Class Sizes Classes

Civil Procedure 75 75 2 Contracts 75 75 2 Criminal 75 75 2 Research/Writing (small sections) 1 Professional Responsibility (small sections) 1

Second Semester Class Sizes Constitutional 75 75 2 Property 75 75 2 Torts 75 75 2 Research/Writing (small sections) 1 Professional Responsibility (small sections) 1

TOTAL NUMBER OF FIRST YEARCLASSES

16

Faculty @ 2.5 classes/FTE 6.4

Faculty Avail for 2d-3d Yr. Classes 18.6w/25 FTE

Dean 1.0

# Classes in 2d yr. 23 # Cls/2d yr./semester 12

AVG. CLASS SIZE 77

# Classes/3d yr. 23 # Cls/3d yr./semester 12

AVG. CLASS SIZE 52


TABLE 8: UCR LAW SCHOOL AT MATURITY

Total Enrollment 450Total Faculty FTE 26Total Staff FTE 19

INCOME Per Student Total

2/3 Professional Fees (1/3 to Financial Aid [FA])$ 4,000 $ 1,800,000Registration Fees $ 357 $ 160,425State/Campus (After FAand Institutional Support) $ 6,821 $ 3,069,643

Total $ 11,178 $ 5,030,068

EXPENSES

Faculty $ 3,107,520Support $ 1,922,548Total $ 5,030,068

BALANCE $ 0

Note: Does not include Library, student financial aid, and costs related to facili-ties (including acquisition, renovation, maintenance, parking, etc.). Figures havenot been cost adjusted. Income and expenses stated at 1998-99 levels.


TABLE 9: OVERALL FACILITIES NEEDS OF THE LAW SCHOOL

Space Type: ASF

Administration/Offices 12,380

Faculty Offices 26 @ 180 asfConference Room 1 @ 600 asfConference Rooms 2 @ 300 asfAdministration (Dean’s office,Finance, Information Management,Academic Support, etc.) 4,500 asfStudent Services (Financial Aid,Admissions, Registrar, Placement,Student Activities) 2,000 asf

Clinical Program/Teaching/Research 16,600

Auditorium – Flat floor/multipurpose 1 @ 6,000 asf(300 seats; divisible into 3-100 seat roomsClassrooms - Horseshoe/Tiered (75 seats)3 @ 1,600 asfClassrooms - Flat Floor (40 seats) 3 @ 900 asfSeminar Rooms 3 @ 400 asfCourtroom (90 seats) 1 @ 1,900 asf

Law Library 36,425

Collections (12.25 volumes/sq. ft.) 24,000 asfReader Stations (32.5 sq. ft./student) 9,125 asfSupport (offices, circ/ref desk, etc.) 3,000 asf

Student Commons/Public areas 11,095

Bookstore, Food Service, Lounges,Photocopy Center, Student BarAssociation, Moot Court, Law Review 7,095 asfUniversity Center (Multipurpose) 4,000 asf

Central Support Areas 1,500

Security, Mailroom, Maintenance, etc. 1,500 asf

TOTAL 1 (exclusive of Miceli Law Library) 78,000

TOTAL 2 (including Miceli Law Library) 95,610

TOTAL 3 (including Miceli Law Library and 110,866 Contiguous office space)

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