proposal for an oriya script root zone label …proposal for an oriya root zone lgr neo-brahmi...

ProposalforanOriyaScriptRootZoneLabelGenerationRuleset(LGR)

LGRVersion: 3.0Date: 2018-08-08Documentversion: 2.9Authors: Neo-BrahmiGenerationPanel[NBGP]

1 GeneralInformation/Overview/Abstract

ThepurposeofthisdocumentistogiveanoverviewoftheproposedRootZoneLevelGenerationRulesfortheOriyascript.Itincludesadiscussionofrelevantfeaturesofthescript,thecommunitiesorlanguagesusingit,theprocessandmethodologyusedandinformationonthecontributors.TheformalspecificationoftheLGRcanbefoundintheaccompanyingXMLdocument:

Proposal-LGR-Orya-20180808.xml

Labelsfortestingcanbefoundintheaccompanyingtextdocument:

Oriya-Test-Labels-20180808.txt

2 ScriptforwhichtheLGRisproposed

ISO15924Code:Orya

ISO15924KeyN°:327

ISO15924EnglishName:Oriya(Odia)

Latintransliterationofnativescriptname:oḍiā

Nativenameofthescript:ଓଡ଼ିଆ

MaximalStartingRepertoire(MSR)version:MSR-3

3 BackgroundonScriptandPrincipalLanguagesusingit

Odia(knowninUnicodeasOriya)isanEasternIndiclanguagespokenbyabout40millionpeoplemainlyintheIndianstateofOdisha(Orissa),andalsoinpartsofWestBengal,Jharkhand,ChhattisgarhandAndhraPradesh.Oriya(Odia)isoneofthemanyofficial

ProposalforanOriyaRootZoneLGR Neo-BrahmiGenerationPanel

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languagesofIndia.ItistheofficiallanguageofOdisha,andthesecondofficiallanguageofJharkhand.EminentLinguistslikeJohnBeames,G.A.Grierson,L.S.S.O’Malley,SunitiKumarChatterjee,S.N.Rajaguru,JohnBoultonandothersconsiderOdiaasoneofthemostancientlanguagesofIndia.InIndicfamilyoflanguages,Oriya(Odia)isclosesttoSanskritandleastinfluencedbyforeignlanguages.OnlythesetwoIndiclanguages(viz.SanskritandOdia)havegotclassicaltagduetotheirrich,uninfluencedandlongliteraryhistory.AccordingtoNationalMissionforManuscripts,afterSanskrit(11,66,743),Odia(2,13,088)hasthelargestnumberofdocumentedmanuscriptsintheIndia.

OdiawaspreviouslyspeltasOriya,andOdishaasOrissa.However,OdiaandOdishaarenowthepreferrednamesofficiallyinEnglishastheyareclosertotheirnativenames:ଓଡ଼ିଆ(oḍiā)[ɔɖiaː]andଓଡ଼ିଶା(oḍiśā)[ɔɖisaː].

WithreferencetoWikipedia(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_language)Oriya(Odia)languageisalsousedbyminoritypopulationsoftheneighboringstatesofJharkhand,WestBengal,ChhattisgarhandAndhraPradesh.TheregionhasbeenknownatdifferentstagesofhistoryasKalinga,Udra,UtkalaorKoshala.Odishawasavastempireinancientandmedievaltimes,extendingfromtheGangesinthenorthtotheGodavariinthesouth.DuringBritishrule,however,OdishalostitspoliticalidentityandformedpartsoftheBengalandMadrasPresidencies.ThepresentstateofOdishawasformedin1936.

ThemodernOriya(Odia)languageisformedmostlyfromPaliwordswithsignificantSanskritinfluence.About28%ofmodernOriya(Odia)wordshaveAdivasiorigins,andabout2%haveHindustani(Hindi/Urdu),Persian,orArabicorigins.Theearliestwrittentextsinthelanguageareaboutthousandyearsold.ThefirstOriya(Odia)newspaperwasUtkalaDeepikafirstpublishedon4August1866.

AmongtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesofIndia,onlyOriya(Odia)andSanskrithavebeenrecognizedasclassicallanguages;andofthesixIndianlanguagesthathavebeenconferredclassicallanguagestatusOriya(Odia)wasrecognizedmostrecently(in2014).1ItformsthebasisofOdissidanceandOdissimusic.2

OriyascriptseemstobeavariantofDevanāgarī,themaindifferencebeingtheabsenceoftheshirorekhaorthelineabovethecharacterandalsoitsmoreroundedshapes.Sinceinitiallyitwasusedforcommercialends,ithasbeenreferredtoasśarāphi(banker's)ormahājani(trader's)script.

1Criteriaforthisstatusinclude:highantiquityofitsearlytexts/recordedhistoryoveraperiodof1500–2000years;abodyofancientliterature/texts,whichisconsideredavaluableheritagebygenerationsofspeakers;aliterarytraditionthatisoriginalandnotborrowedfromanotherspeechcommunity;2ThevarietyofOriyadialectsetc.isreviewedinAppendixB.


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TheOriya(Odia)scriptisusedtowriteOriya(Odia)languageandanumberofotherlanguagesspokeninOdishasuchasMunda,Santali,Kui,HoandSanskrit.

3.1 TheEvolutionoftheScript

TheOriya(Odia)scriptdevelopedfromtheKalingascript,oneofthemanydescendantsoftheBrahmiscriptofancientIndia.(Rajaguru,S.N.,OdiaLipiraKramabikash,OdiaSahityaAkademi,page2).TheearliestknowninscriptionintheOriya(Odia)language,intheKalingascript,datesfrom1051.ItdescendsfromOdra-MagadhiPrakritsimilartoArdhaMagadhi,prevalentineasternIndiaover1,500yearsago.

ThecurvedappearanceoftheOriyascriptisaresultofthepracticeofwritingonpalmleaves,whichhaveatendencytotearifwritteninstraightlines.

ThediagrambelowshowsthemajorstagesintheevolutionofOriyaattestingitslatedivergencefromDevanāgarī.

Figure1:PictorialdepictionofEvolutionofOriya

LiteratureintheOriya(Odia)language(Odia: )isthepredominantliterature

ofthestateofOdishainIndia.

3.2 PeriodsofOdiaHistory

Oriya(Odia)languageliterature(Odia: )isthepredominantliteratureofthestateofOdishainIndia.


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HistorianshavedividedthehistoryoftheOriya(Odia)literatureintofivemainstages:OldOriya(Odia)(8thcenturyto1300),EarlyMiddleOriya(Odia)(1300to1500),MiddleOriya(Odia)(1500to1700),LateMiddleOriya(Odia)(1700to1850)andModernOriya(Odia)(1850topresent).

3.3 UseofOriyalanguagebeyondIndia

AccordingtoWikipedia,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_languagetheOriya(Odia)diasporaconstitutesasizeablenumberofspeakersinseveralcountriesaroundtheworld,pushingthenumberofOriya(Odia)speakersgloballyto55million.

IthasasignificantpresenceineasterncountriessuchasBangladesh,Indonesia,mainlycarriedbythesadhaba,ancienttradersfromOdisha,whocarriedthelanguagealongwiththecultureduringtheold-daytrading,andinwesterncountriessuchastheUnitedStates,Canada,AustraliaandEnglandaswell.ThelanguagehasalsospreadtoBurma,Malaysia,Fiji,SriLankaandcountriesoftheMiddleEast.WrittenOriya(Odia)(orthestandardOriya(Odia)isusedforofficialpurpose.IthaselementsfromdifferentlocalOriya(Odia)dialectsbutitusuallyavoidswordsofforeignoriginsuchasArabicandPersian.IthasalsoassimilatedmanytribalwordsprevalentinOdisha.

3.4 Notablefeatures

TheOriyascriptisasyllabicalphabetwrittenlefttorightinhorizontallines,inwhichallconsonantshaveaninherentvowel.Diacritics,whichcanappearabove,below,beforeoraftertheconsonanttheybelongto,areusedtochangetheinherentvowel.

Whentheyappearatthebeginningofasyllable,vowelsarewrittenasindependentletters.

Whencertainconsonantsoccurtogether,specialconjunctshapesareusedwhichcombinetheessentialpartsofeachletter.

ThechartbelowshowsthewayinwhichtheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)representsOriya(Odia)pronunciations.VargyaConsonants

AvargyaconsonantsIPA Oriya(Odia) IPA Oriya(Odia)b ବ ଯ bʱ ଭ j ୟ d̪ ଦ ɾ ର d̪ʱ ଧ l ଲ ɖ ଡ l̪ ଳ


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ɖ ɦ ଢ ʋ ଵ dx ʒ ଜ w ୱ dx ʒ ɦ ଝ s ସ ɡ ଗ ʂ ଷ ɡʱ ଘ ɕ ଶ h ହ ɦ ହ k କ ŋ,ɲ,ɳ,n,m,◌̃ ◌ଂ kʰ ଖ ◌̃ ◌ଁ ɲ ଞ ɦ ◌ଃ m ମ VowelsandMatras n ନ IPA Vowels Matras ɳ ଣ ə ଅ ŋ ଙ aː ଆ ◌ା p ପ ɪ ଇ ◌ି p h ଫ iː ଈ ◌ୀ ɾ ର ʊ ଉ ◌ୁ ɽ ଡ଼ uː ଊ ◌ୂ ɽ ɦ ଢ଼ r̩ ଋ ◌ୃ s ସ eː ଏ e t̪ ତ ɛː ଐ eୖ t̪ʰ ଥ oː ଓ eା ʈ ଟ ɔː ଔ eୗ ʈ h ଠ t͡ʃ ଚ t͡ʃʰ ଛ

Table1:InternationalPhoneticAlphabetOriyaPronunciations

3.5 Structuredconsonants

Thestructuredconsonantsareclassifiedaccordingtotheplaceofarticulationandareclassifiedaccordinglyintofivestructuredgroups.TheseconsonantsareshownherewiththeirIAST(InternationalAlphabetofSanskritTransliteration)3transcriptions.

3InternationalAlphabetofSanskritTransliteration(I.A.S.T.)isatransliterationschemethatallowsthelosslessromanizationofIndicscriptsasemployedbySanskritandrelatedIndiclanguages.IASTmakesit


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voiceless voicelessaspirate voiced voicedaspirate nasal

Velars କ(ka) ଖ(kha) ଗ(ga) ଘ(gha) ଙ(ṅa)

Palatals ଚ(ca) ଛ(cha) ଜ(ja) ଝ(jha) ଞ(ña)

Retroflex ଟ(ṭa) ଠ(ṭha) ଡ(ḍa) ଢ(ḍha) ଣ(ṇa)

Dentals ତ(ta) ଥ(tha) ଦ(da) ଧ(dha) ନ(na)

Labials ପ(pa) ଫ(pha) ବ(ba) ଭ(bha) ମ(ma) Table2:structuredconsonants

3.6 Unstructuredconsonants

Theunstructuredconsonantsareconsonantsthatdonotfallintoanyoftheabovecategories:ଯ(ja),ୟ(ia),ର(ra),ଲ(la),ଳ(ḷa),ଵ(va),ୱ(wa),ଶ(sa),ଷ(sa),ସ(sa),ହ(ha)

3.7 TheimplicitvowelkillerHalant(Virama)

Halantcharacterisusedafteraconsonantto"strip"itofitsinherentvowel.Aconsonantsyllablecannotendwithhalant.Withafewexceptions,mostoftheOriyawordsaresvaranta(i.eendingwithavowel).

Asyllablecontaininghalantcharactersmaybeshapedwithnovisiblehalantsigns,asthehalantsenabledifferentconsonantstoformconjuncts.

Halantformofconsonants-Theformproducedbyaddingthehalanttothenominalshape.Thehalantformisusedinsyllablesthathavenovowelorasthehalfformwhennodistinctshapeforthehalfformexists.

Halfformofconsonants(pre-baseform)-Avariantformofconsonantswhichappeartotheleftofthebaseconsonant,iftheydonotparticipateinaligature.Consonantsintheirhalfformprecedetheonesformingthebaseglyph.SomeIndicscripts,likeDevanagarihavedistinctlyshapedhalfformsformostoftheconsonants.Ifnodistinctshapeexists,thefullformwilldisplaywithanexplicitVirama(sameshapeasthehalantform).

possibleforthereadertoreadtheIndictextunambiguously,exactlyasifitwereintheoriginalIndicscript.Example:କ0B15(ka),ଖ0B16(kha)etc.


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3.8 Nukta( ଼–U+0B3C):

ThenuktasignisusedinOriyalanguagejustlikeanyotherIndianscripts.ItisusedwithafewconsonantstorepresentsoundsfoundonlyinwordsborrowedfromPerso-Arabic.Itcanbecommonlyusedwith“ଡ”U+0B21,“ଢ”U+0B22,“କ”U+0B15,“ଖ”U+0B16,“ଗ”U+0B17, “ଚ”U+0B1A,“ଜ”U+0B1C,and“ଫ”U+0B2BtoshowthatwordshavingtheseconsonantswithanuktaaretobepronouncedinthePerso-Arabicstyle.

3.9 Visarga“◌ଃ”(U+0B03)andAvagraha“ଽ”(U+0B3D):

TheVisarga(“◌ଃ”(U+0B03)isfrequentlyusedinSanskritandrepresentsasoundverycloseto/h/.Example,ଦୁଃଖ/du:kh/sorrow(U+0B26U+0B41U+0B03U+0B16).TheAvagraha"ଽ"(U+0B3D)createsanextrastressontheprecedingvowelandisusedinSanskrittexts.ItisrarelyusedinotherlanguagesusingOriya.IncaseofLGR,theAvagrahaisnotpartoftherepertoireasitisbarredintheMaximalStartingRepertoire.

3.10 Candrabindu(◌ँ-U+0B01):

Candrabindudenotesnasalizationoftheprecedingvowelandconsonantsasinଅଁଳା/ãala/nameofseasonalfruit(U+0B05U+0B01U+0B33U+0B3E).OriyauserscommonlyuseitforwritingthewordsandsoundsofSanskritlanguage.

3.11 Anusvara(◌ଂ-U+0B02):

AnusvarareplacesaconjunctgroupofaNasalConsonant+Halant+Consonantbelongingtothatparticularvarga.TheAnusvararepresentsahomorganicnasal.Beforeanon-vargaconsonanttheAnusvararepresentsanasalsound.Forexample:ଏବଂ(0B0F+0B2C+0B02),ସଂ_ୟା(0B38+0B02+0B16+0B4D+0B5F+0B3E),etc.

3.12 Matrasign(DependentVowel)

Itisusedtorepresentavowelsoundthatisnotinherenttotheconsonant.Dependentvowelsarereferredtoas"matras".Theyarealwaysdepictedincombinationwithasingleconsonant,orwithaconsonantcluster.ThegreatestvariationamongdifferentIndianscriptsisfoundintherulesforattachingdependentvowelstobasecharacters.TherulesspecifictoOriyaarementionedinSection6(Variants)andSection7(WLERules).


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Followingtableexplainsthecorrelationbetweenavowelanditsmatrasign.

Vowelanditsmatra-signGlyph Unicode Name Glyph Unicode Nameଅ U+0B05 ORIYALETTERA ଆ U+0B06 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERAA◌ା U+0B3E ORIYAVOWELSIGN

AAଇ U+0B07 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERI◌ି◌ U+0B3F ORIYAVOWELSIGN

Iଈ U+0B08 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERII◌ୀ U+0B40 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

IIଉ U+0B09 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERU◌ୁ◌ U+0B41 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

Uଊ U+0B0A ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERUU◌ୂ◌ U+0B42 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

UUଋ U+0B0B ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERVOCALICR◌ୃ◌ U+0B43 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

VOCALICRଏ U+0B0F ORIYAVOWEL

LETTEREe U+0B47 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

Eଐ U+0B10 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERAIeୖ U+0B48 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

AIଓ U+0B13 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTEROeା U+0B4B ORIYAVOWELSIGN

Oଔ U+0B14 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERAUeୗ U+0B4C ORIYAVOWELSIGN

AUଌ U+0B0C ORIYALETTER

VOCALICL◌ୢ◌ U+0B62 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

VOCALICLୡ U+0B61 ORIYALETTER

VOCALICLL◌ୣ◌ U+0B63 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

VOCALICLLTable3:VowelanditsMatraSign

“ଌ”U+0B0C,“ୡ”U+0B61,“◌ୢ”U+0B62and ”◌ୣ”U+0B63arehardlyinuseinmoderndays.

4 OverallDevelopmentProcessandMethodology

UndertheNeo-BrahmiGenerationPanel,therearemanydifferentscriptsbelongingtoseparateUnicodeblocks.EachofthesescriptsisthebasisforaseparateLGRproposal;howeverNeo-BrahmiGPensuresthatthefundamentalphilosophybehindbuildingthesevariousscriptLGRsissameacrossthedifferentscriptsbeingconsidered.ThisistheOriya(Odia)LGR,whichcaterstoOriya(Odia)languageswrittenusingOriya(Odia)belongingtoEGIDSscale1to4.


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4.1 GuidingPrinciples

TheNBGPadoptsthefollowingbroadprinciplesfortheselectionofcode-pointsintherepertoireacrosstheboardforallthescriptswithinitsscope.

4.1.1 Inclusionprinciples:

4.1.1.1 Modernusage:Everycharacterproposedshouldbeintheeverydayusageofaparticularlinguisticcommunity.ThecharacterswhichhavebeenencodedintheUnicodefortranscriptionpurposesonlyorforarchivalpurposeswillnotbeconsideredforinclusioninthecode-pointrepertoire.

4.1.1.2.Unambiguoususe:

Everycharacterproposedshouldhaveunambiguousunderstandingamongthelinguisticaboutitsusageinthelanguage.

4.1.2 Exclusionprinciples:

ThemainexclusionprincipleisthatofExternalLimitsonScope.Thesecompriseofprotocolsorstandardswhicharepre-requisitestotheLabelGenerationRulesetc.Allfurtherprinciplesareinfactsubsumedundertheselimitationsbuthavebeenspeltoutseparatelyforthesakeofclarity.

4.1.2.1 ExternalLimitsonScope:Thecodepointrepertoireforrootzonebeingaveryspecialcase,uptheladderintheprotocolhierarchies,thecanvasofavailablecharactersforselectionasapartoftheRootZonecodepointrepertoireisalreadyconstrainedbyvariousprotocollayersbeneathit.Thefollowingthreemainprotocols/standardsactassuccessivefilters:

i.TheUnicodeChart:

Outofallthecharactersthatareneededbythegivenscript,ifthecharacterinquestionisnotencodedinUnicode,itcannotbeincorporatedinthecodepointrepertoire.Suchcasesarequiterare,giventheelaborateandexhaustivecharacterinclusioneffortsmadebyUnicodeconsortium.

ii.IDNAProtocol:

Unicodebeingthecharacterencodingstandardforprovidingthemaximumpossiblerepresentationofagivenscript/language,ithasencodedasfaraspossibleallthepossiblecharactersneededbythescript.However,theDomainnamebeingaspecializedcase,itisgovernedbyanadditionalprotocolknownasIDNA(InternationalizedDomainNamesin


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Applications).TheIDNAprotocolexcludessomecharactersoutofUnicoderepertoirefrombeingpartofthedomainnames.

Example:Oriyascriptfrequentlyuses“ଡ”(U+0B21),“ଢ”(U+0B22)aswellastheirrespectiveallophones“ଡ଼”,and“ଢ଼”.InOriya(Odia)script,thesedifferinuseofnukta.Thus“ଡ଼”and“ଢ଼”asdistinctlettersarenotallowedbuttheirdecomposedformi.e.“ଡ”, “ଢ”followedbyOriya(Odia)signnukta(U+0B3C)canbeused.Similarly,forallophonesofotherconsonantslikeକ(U+0B15),ଖ(U+0B16),ଗ(U+0B17),ଚ(U+0B1A),ଜ(U+0B1C),ଫ(U+0B2B)nuktacanbeused.

iii.MaximalStartingRepertoire:

AstheRootZoneLGRisusedforcreationoftherootzoneTLDs,whichinturnareanevenmorespecializedcaseofdomainnamelabels,theRootZoneLGRprocedureintroducesadditionalexclusionsforcharactersallowedbyIDNA.

Example:OriyaSignAvagraha"ଽ"(U+0B3D)evenifallowedbyIDNAprotocol,isnotpermittedintheRootZoneRepertoireasperthe[MSR].

MaximalStartingRepertoirealsoexcludesinvisiblecharactersZeroWidthNon-Joiner(U+200C)andZeroWidthJoiner(U+200D).Thesearerequiredincertaincaseswhereatypicalvisualshapeofanaksharisdesired.

Tosumup,therestrictionsstartoffwithadmittingonlysuchcharactersasarepartofthecode-blockofthegivenscript/language.ThisisfurthernarroweddownbytheIDNAProtocolandfinallyanadditionalfilterintheformofMaximalStartingRepertoirerestrictsthecharactersetassociatedwiththegivenlanguageevenmore.

4.1.2.2 NoFractionMarks:TheTLDsbeingidentifiers,fractionmarkerspresentinBrahmibasedlanguagessuchasgivenbelowwillnotbeincluded.

Figure2:FractionMarksinOriya


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4.1.2.3 NoSymbolsandAbbreviations:Abbreviations,weightsandmeasuresandothersuchiconiccharacterslikeIsshar"୰"(U+0B70)willnotbeincluded.

4.1.2.4 NoRareandObsoleteCharacters:TherearecharacterswhichhavebeenaddedtoUnicodetoaccommodaterareformsespeciallylikeOriyaLETTERVOCALICRR"ୠ"(U+0B60)andOriyaLETTERVOCALICLL"ୡ"(U+0B61)aswellastheirMatraforms)“◌ୄ“(U+0B44)and"◌ୣ"(U+0B63).Allsuchcharacterswillbeexcluded.ThisisincompliancewiththeConservatismprincipleaslaiddownintheRootZoneLGRprocedure.

5 Repertoire

Thissectionprovidestherelevantsectionof[MSR]applicabletotheOriyascriptonwhichOriyacodepointrepertoirefortheRootZoneLGRisbasedon.Section5.1detailsthecode-pointrepertoirethattheNeo-BrahmiGenerationPanel[NBGP]proposestobeincludedintheOriyaRootZoneLGR.


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5.1 OriyaSectionofMaximalStartingRepertoire[MSR]Version3

Figure3:OriyaCodePagefromMSR-3

Colorconvention:Allcharactersthatareincludedinthe[MSR]-Yellowbackground

PVALIDinIDNA2008butexcludedfromthe[MSR]-Pinkishbackground

NotPVALIDinIDNA2008-Whitebackground


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5.2 CodePointRepertoire

ThetablebelowlistsallthecodepointsincludedintherepertoireforOriyascript.Foreachofthecodepoints,languagereferenceshavebeengiveninthelastcolumn.

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS

IndicSyllabicCategory

References

1 0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYASIGNCANDRABINDU

2-Oriya Candrabindu [0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

2 0B02 ◌ଂ ORIYASIGNANUSVARA 2-Oriya Anusvara[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

3 0B03 ଃ ORIYASIGNVISARGA 2-Oriya Visarga[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

4 0B05 ଅ ORIYALETTERA 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

5 0B06 ଆ ORIYALETTERAA 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

6 0B07 ଇ ORIYALETTERI 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

7 0B08 ଈ ORIYALETTERII 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

8 0B09 ଉ ORIYALETTERU 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

9 0B0A ଊ ORIYALETTERUU 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

10 0B0B ଋ ORIYALETTERVOCALICR 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

11 0B0F ଏ ORIYALETTERE 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

12 0B10 ଐ ORIYALETTERAI 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


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Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS


References

13 0B13 ଓ ORIYALETTERO 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

14 0B14 ଔ ORIYALETTERAU 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

15 0B15 କ ORIYALETTERKA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

16 0B16 ଖ ORIYALETTERKHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

17 0B17 ଗ ORIYALETTERGA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

18 0B18 ଘ ORIYALETTERGHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

19 0B19 ଙ ORIYALETTERNGA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

20 0B1A ଚ ORIYALETTERCA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

21 0B1B ଛ ORIYALETTERCHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

22 0B1C ଜ ORIYALETTERJA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

23 0B1D ଝ ORIYALETTERJHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

24 0B1E ଞ ORIYALETTERNYA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

25 0B1F ଟ ORIYALETTERTTA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

26 0B20 ଠ ORIYALETTERTTHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

27 0B21 ଡ ORIYALETTERDDA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


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Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS


References

28 0B22 ଢ ORIYALETTERDDHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

29 0B23 ଣ ORIYALETTERNNA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

30 0B24 ତ ORIYALETTERTA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

31 0B25 ଥ ORIYALETTERTHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

32 0B26 ଦ ORIYALETTERDA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

33 0B27 ଧ ORIYALETTERDHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

34 0B28 ନ ORIYALETTERNA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

35 0B2A ପ ORIYALETTERPA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

36 0B2B ଫ ORIYALETTERPHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

37 0B2C ବ ORIYALETTERBA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

38 0B2D ଭ ORIYALETTERBHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

39 0B2E ମ ORIYALETTERMA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

40 0B2F ଯ ORIYALETTERYA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

41 0B30 ର ORIYALETTERRA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

42 0B32 ଲ ORIYALETTERLA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


16

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS


References

43 0B33 ଳ ORIYALETTERLLA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

44 0B35 ଵ ORIYALETTERVA 2-Oriya Consonant[6],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

45 0B36 ଶ ORIYALETTERSHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

46 0B37 ଷ ORIYALETTERSSA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

47 0B38 ସ ORIYALETTERSA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

48 0B39 ହ ORIYALETTERHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

49 0B3C ◌଼ ORIYASIGNNUKTA 2-Oriya Nukta[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

50 0B3E ◌ା ORIYAVOWELSIGNAA 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

51 0B3F ◌ି ORIYAVOWELSIGNI 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

52 0B40 ◌ୀ ORIYAVOWELSIGNII 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

53 0B41 ◌ୁ ORIYAVOWELSIGNU 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

54 0B42 ◌ୂ ORIYAVOWELSIGNUU 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

55 0B43 ◌ୃ ORIYAVOWELSIGNVOCALICR

2-Oriya Matra [0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

56 0B47 e ORIYAVOWELSIGNE 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


17

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS


References

57 0B48 eୖ ORIYAVOWELSIGNAI 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

58 0B4B eା ORIYAVOWELSIGNO 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

59 0B4C eୗ ORIYAVOWELSIGNAU 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

60 0B4D ◌୍ ORIYASIGNVIRAMA 2-Oriya Halant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

61 0B56 ◌ୖ ORIYAAILENGTHMARK 2-Oriya Matra[2],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

62 0B5F ୟ ORIYALETTERYYA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

63 0B71 ୱ ORIYALETTERWA 2-Oriya Consonant[6],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

Table4:CodePointRepertoire

5.2.1 CodePointsExcluded

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph

CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS


Reference

1 0B0C ଌ ORIYALETTERVOCALICL 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

2 0B44 ◌ୄORIYAVOWELSIGNVOCALICRR

2-Oriya Matra[9],[101],[102][103][104][105]

3 0B57 ୗ ORIYAAULENTHMARK

2-Oriya Matra [0],[101],[102][103][104][105]

Table5:CodePointExcludedfromRepertoire


18

Sincethematraୗ(U+0B57)ORIYAAULENTHMARKisnotincurrentusebytheOriyaCommunity,itisdecidedbytheNBGPtoexcludeit.Also,“ଌ”U+0B0C,“ୡ”U+0B61,“◌ୢ”U+0B62and”◌ୣ”U+0B63arehardlyinuseinmoderndays.

5.2.2 Variablesinvolved

C →Consonant

M →Matra

V →Vowel

B →Anusvara

H →Halant/Virama

N →Nukta

C1 → {କ0B15,ଖ0B16,ଗ0B17,ଚ0B1A,ଜ0B1C,ଡ0B21,ଢ0B22,ଫ0B2B}

X → Visarga

D → Candrabindu

6 Variants

6.1 In-ScriptVariants

InOriyascript,therearenocharacters/charactersequenceswhichcanbecreatedbyusingtheOriyacharacterspermittedasperthe[MSR]andlookidentical.Therearenoin-scriptvariants.

6.2 Cross-ScriptVariants

Across-scriptvariantlabel,alsosometimesreferredtoas"WholeLabelconfusable",isthevariantcasewhereonelabelinonescriptcanbecomposedinsuchawaythatitcanresembleanotherentirelabelinadifferentscript.

EveryindividualLGRunderNBGPprovidesasetofcross-scriptvariantcodepointsthatitidentifieswithmembersofotherrelatedscripts.


19

NBGP has ensured that not only the individual characters but also most of the aksharvariationsaretakenintoconsiderationduringthecross-scriptvariantanalysisofOriyawithall theotherscriptsunderNBGP. Itwasachievedbysharinga listofmost of theaksharcombinations with all the other script teams (‘most’ is used here as all the possibleConsonant+Halant+Consonant+…casescannotbepracticallycovered.CaseofalltheOriya“Consonant+Halant+Consonant”wasincludedintheanalysis).

Oriyascripthasasetofpossiblecross-scriptvariantsonlywiththeMalayalamscript.Caseslisted inTable6arecross-scriptvariantsbetweenOriyaandMalayalam.This followstheNBGPCross-scriptVariantinclusionpolicyavailableinAppendixD.

ItistobenotedthatnoneofthecombinationslistedinTable6aretermedtobeequivalentsofeachothersemanticallyorotherwise.Theyareonlygroupedbecausetheyareconsideredvisuallysamebythetwoscriptcommunities.

NBGPhasensuredthatOriyaandMalayalamLGRteamsproposeasamesetofcross-scriptvariantsbymeetingface-to-faceonmanyoccasionsaswellasthroughmailcommunications.The same set of cross-script variants (with Malayalam) is supposed to be found in theMalayalamLGRdocuments.

VariantSet Oriya Malayalam

CP Glyph CP Glyph

1. 0B20 ଠ 0D20 ഠ

Table6:VariantsetbetweenOriyascriptandMalayalamscript

ThecaseslistedinAppendixBarethevisuallyconfusablecodepointsforreference,buttheyarenotdefinedasvariantcodepoints.

7 WholeLabelEvaluationRules(WLE)

ThissectionprovidesthewholelabelevaluationrulesfortextwritteninOriyascript.TheruleshavebeendraftedinsuchawaythattheycanbeeasilytranslatedintotheLGRspecification.BelowarethesymbolsusedintheWLErulesforeachofthe"IndicSyllabicCategory"asmentionedinTable4:CodepointrepertoireInaddition,afewadditionalsymbolsdefinetheappropriatesubsetsforvariousrules.C → ConsonantM →Matra


20

V →VowelB →AnusvaraH →Halant/ViramaN →NuktaC1 → {କ 0B15KA,ଖ0B16KHA,ଗ0B17GA,ଚ0B1ACA,ଜ 0B1C JA,ଡ0B21DDA,ଢ0B22DDHA, ଫ0B2BPHA}X → VisargaD → CandrabinduRule1:N(◌଼)mustbeprecededonlybyC1Forexample:ଡ(0B21)+଼(0B3C)=ଡ଼ଢ(0B22)+଼(0B3C)=ଢ଼Rule2:B( ◌ଂ)mustbeprecededbyV,C,NorMi) BmaybeprecededbyV(examples:ଅଂଶ,)ii) BmaybeprecededbyC,(example:ସଂସାର, ବଂଶ)iii) BmaybeprecededbyN(example:ଡ଼ଂଗା)iv) BmaybeprecededbyM,(examples:ସିଂହ, ମାଂସ, ବିଂଶ, ସୁତରାଂ)Rule3:X(◌ଃ)mustbeprecededbyC,V,NorMi) XmaybeprecededbyC,(example:iାୟତଃ, jମଶଃ)ii) XmaybeprecededbyN(example:ଡ଼ଃ)iii) XmaybeprecededbyM,(examples:ଦୁଃଖ, ଦୁଃଖିତ)iv) XmaybeprecededbyV,(examples:ଅଃ, ଆଃ, ଇଃ, ଉଃ)commonlyusedwhenwritingSanskritorwhenthereisreligiousrequirementRule4:D(◌ଁ)mustbeprecededbyV,C,NorMi) DmaybeprecededbyV(examples:ପାଇଁ, େଯଉଁ ,ନିଆଁ)ii) DmaybeprecededbyC(example:ମୁହଁ, ପହଁରା, ନୁହଁ)iii) DmaybeprecededbyN(example:ଡ଼ଁାଶ)iv) DmaybeprecededbyM(examples:ନାହi, ନଁା, ଗଁାେର)


21

Rule5:H( ◌୍ )mustbeprecededbyCorNi) HmaybeprecededbyC,(example:ଠିm, ଭୁn)ii) HmaybeprecededbyN(example:oୟୁଟି, pାଗନ)Rule6:MmustbeprecededbyCorNi) MmaybeprecededbyC(example:ମୁହଁ, ପହଁରା, ନୁହଁ)ii) MmaybeprecededbyN(example:ଡ଼ାଇମିଟର)

8 Contributors

ThisproposalispreparedandsubmittedbyMr.KuldeepPatnaik(Freelancer)andreviewedbyDr.DebashishyaJethyOriya(Odia)linguisticanalyst,translatingmedicalsciencetoOdia,coauthorofabook(Odiaequivalentsofscientificterms)fromCentralInstitutionofIndianLanguages,Mysore.

FollowingNBGPmembershelpedMr.KuldeepPatnaiktotakecrucialdecisionwhileworkingtogetherfornineIndianlanguagesincludingOriya(Odia).

Position Name Organization Country LanguageExpertise

Co-Chair AjayData DataXgenTechnologies India Hindi,EnglishCo-Chair MaheshD.Kulkarni C-DAC India Marathi,HindiCo-Chair UdayaNarayana

SinghVisva-Bharati,Santiniketan,WestBengal

India Bengali,Maithili,Hindi,English

Member AkshatS.Joshi C-DAC India Hindi,MarathiMember AtiurRahmanKhan C-DAC India BanglaMember DrDebasishyaJethy Oriya(Odia)linguistic

analystIndia Odia

Member JayPaudyal Consultant India HindiMember NehaGupta C-DAC India HindiMember ShanmugamR C-DAC India TamilMember VeenaSolomon (freelancer) India Malayalam

FollowingisthelistofotherNBGPmemberswiththeirlanguageexpertise.

Position Name Organization Country LanguageExpertise

Member AbhijitDutta Wikimedia India Bengali,Hindi


22

Member AnivarA.Aravind IndicProject India MalayalamMember AnupamAgrawal TataConsultancyService India Hindi,

BengaliMember ArvindBhandari GujaratUniversity India GujaratiMember AshishModi DataXgenTechnologies India HindiMember BalKrishnaBal KathmanduUniversity Nepal NepaliMember BalaramPrasain TribhuvanUniversity Nepal NepaliMember BASANTAKUMARPANDA RegionalInstituteof

Education(NCERT)India Odia

Member BhimDhojShrestha Consultant Nepal Nepali,Newar

Member ChitritaChatterjee InternetandMobileAssociationofIndia(IAMAI)

India MultiplelanguagesrepresentedbymembersofIAMAI

Member DEBAJITSHARMA AnundoramBorooahInstituteofLanguageArtandCulture

India Assamese

Member DevDassManandhar Consultant Nepal Nepali,NewarMember DhanalakshmiKT NorthernTrust India KannadaMember GaneshMurmu RanchiUniversity India SantaliMember GangadharPanday BabulFilmsSociety India TeluguMember GhanashyamNepal BenaresHinduUniversity&

UniversityofNorthBengalIndia Nepali

Member GirishChandraMishra LanguageTechnologyCentre,RavenshawUniversity

India Odia

Member GurpreetSinghLehal PunjabiUniversityPatiala India PanjabiMember HarishChowdhary NIXI India HindiMember HempalShrestha NepalEntrepreneurs'Hub

(NEHUB)Nepal Nepali,

NewarMember JijoPappachan DN.Domains India MalayalamMember K.C.Tikayatray OdiaBhasaPratisthan India OdiaMember KalyanVasudeoKale Formerlyaffiliatedwith

UniversityofPuneIndia Marathi

Member KuldeepPatnaik(Editor) Freelancer India OdiaMember MukeshSaini EsselGroup India HindiMember N.DeivaSundaram NDSLingsoftSolutionsPvt

LtdIndia Tamil

Member NirajanParajuli NREN Nepal NepaliMember NishitJain C-DAC India HindiMember PawanChitrakar Gapsco Nepal Nepali


23

Member PrabhakarPandey C-DAC India HindiMember PrasadPK A-onePublishers India MalayalamMember PrateekPathak ISOCMumbai India DevanagariMember RaiomondDoctor NLPConsultant India English,

Hindi,Marathi,Gujarati

Member RajibChakraborty SocietyforNaturalLanguageTechnologyResearch

India Bangla(Bengali)

Member RajivKumar NIXI India Member S.Maniam InternationalForumITfor

TamilSingapore Tamil

Member SanthoshThottingal Wikimediafoundation India Malayalam,Sourashtra,Tamil

Member SarojaBhate UniversityofPune India SanskritMember ShambhuKumarSingh NationalTranslation

Misson,MysoreIndia Maithili

Member ShantaramS.WardeWalawalikar

IndependentResearcher India Konkani

Member ShashiPathania P.G.D.ofDogri,UniversityofJammu

India Dogri

Member ShubhamSaran NIXI India Member SinnathambiShanmugarajah UniversityofColombo

SchoolofComputingSriLanka Tamil

Member SujithKartha Digitalkz.com India MalayalamMember SurajAdhikari Mercantile

Communications(and.npccTLD)

Nepal Nepali

Member SwarnaPrabhaChainary GuwahatiUniversity India BodoMember U.B.Pavanaja http://vishvakannada.com/ India KannadaMember UmaMaheshwarG CALTS,Univ.ofHyderabad India TeluguMember UttamShresthaRana NPNOG Nepal NepaliMember VinayMurarka Consultant;

https://मेरा.भारतIndia Hindi

Table7:ContributorsandNBGPanel


24

9 References

[MSR] IntegrationPanel,"MaximalStartingRepertoire—MSR-3OverviewandRationale",28March2018https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/msr/msr-3-wle-rules-28mar18-en.html

[NBGP]Neo-BrahmiGenerationPanel

[CodeCharts]TheUnicodeStandard10.0CharacterCodeChartshttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf(Accessedon12January2018)

[0] TheUnicodeStandard1.1 AnycodepointoriginallyencodedinUnicode1.1



[101] Omniglot,"Oriya",https://www.omniglot.com/writing/oriya.htm(Accessedon12January2018)

[102] Odia(Oriya)alphabet-Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_alphabet(Accessedon12January2018)

[103] Odialanguage-Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_language(Accessedon12January2018)

[104] Oriya(Unicodeblock)-Wikipedia,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriya_(Unicode_block)

[105] OdishaStateGovt.PrimarySchoolGrade1e-book“HasaKhela”:byOdishaPrimaryEducationProgrammeAuthorityhttp://opepa.odisha.gov.in/website/Download/e-Text-Book/CLass%20I/Hasa%20Khela%20Part%20II/Haso%20Khelo-II-Page-112.pdf

10 AppendixA:Cross-scriptConfusableCodePoints

Oriya script has a set of possible cross-script confusable code points with the Gujarati,Bengali,Telugu,andKannada.

10.1 OriyaandGujarati

Thefollowingcharactersarevisuallyconfusable.TheNBGPdiscussedandconcludedthattheyaresimilarcodepointsbutshouldnotbeconsideredasvariantcodepoints.

Oriya Gujarati

◌ଃ(0B03) ◌ઃ(0A83)

ପ(0B2A) ઘ(0A98)

ଥ(0B25) થ(0AA5)

Table8:ConfusablecodepointsbetweentheOriyaandGujaratiscripts

10.2 OriyaandBengali

Thefollowingcharactersarevisuallyconfusable.TheNBGPdiscussedandconcludedthattheyaresimilarcodepointsandshouldnotbeconsideredasvariantcodepoints.

Bengali Oriya

ও(0993) ଓ(0B13)

Table9:ConfusablecodepointsbetweentheOriyaandBengaliscripts

ThefollowingcharacterswerediscussedandtheNBGPconcludedthattheyareneithervariantcodepointsnorconfusablecodepoints.

Bengali Oriya Resolution

ঘ(0998) ସ(0B38) Distinguishable

Table10:OtherresolutionsbetweenOriyascriptandBengaliscript

10.3 OriyaandTelugu

ThefollowingcharacterswerediscussedandtheNBGPconcludedthattheyarenotvariantcodepointsnorconfusablecodepoints


26

Oriya Telugu Resolution

ଠ(0B20) ర(0C30) Distinguishable

ଠ(0B20) ఠ(0C20) Distinguishable

Table11:OtherresolutionsbetweentheOriyaandTeluguscripts

10.4 OriyaandKannada

ThefollowingcharacterswerediscussedandtheNBGPconcludedthattheyarenotvariantcodepointsnorconfusablecodepoints

Oriya Kannada Resolution

ଠ(0B20) ರ(0CB0) Distinguishable

ଠ(0B20) ಠ(0CA0) Distinguishable

Table12:OtherresolutionsbetweentheOriyaandKannadascripts

10.5 OriyaandMalayalam

Thefollowingcharactersarevisuallyconfusable.TheNBGPdiscussedandconcludedthattheyaresimilarcodepointsandshouldnotbeconsideredasvariantcodepoints.

Oriya Malayalam

◌ଂ(0B02) ◌ം(0D02)

◌ଃ (0B03) ◌ഃ(0D03)

Table13:ConfusablecodepointsbetweentheOriyaandMalayalamscripts


27

11 AppendixB:OriyaDialects

TherearedifferentwaysofspeakingandmeaningofwordsinlocalOriyaLanguage.Howeverthescriptremainsthesame.411.1.1.1 StandardOdiaKatakiOdiaorTheOdiaofMughalbandiregionconsideredasStandardOdiaduetoliterarytraditions.ItisspokenmainlyintheeasternhalfofthestateofOdisha,withlittlevariation,indistrictslikeKhurdha,Puri,Cuttack,Jajpur,Jagatsinghpur,Kendrapada,Dhenkanal,AngulandNayagarhdistrict.11.1.1.2 Majorforms,ordialectsMidnaporiOdia:SpokenintheundividedMidnaporeDistrictofWestBengal.SinghbhumiOdia:SpokeninEastSinghbhum,WestSinghbhumandSaraikela-KharsawandistrictofJharkhandBaleswariOdia:SpokeninBaleswar,BhadrakandMayurbhanjdistrictofOdisha.GanjamiOdia:SpokeninGanjamandGajapatidistrictsofOdishaandSrikakulamdistrictofAndhraPradesh.SambalpuriOdia:SpokeninBargarh,Bolangir,Boudh,Debagarh,Jharsuguda,Kalahandi,Nuapada,SambalpurandSubarnapurdistrictsofOdishaandbysomepeopleinRaigarh,Mahasamund,RaipurdistrictsofChhattisgarhstate.DesiyaOdia:SpokeninKoraput,Rayagada,NowrangpurandMalkangiriDistrictsofOdishaandinthehillyregionsofVishakhapatnam,VizianagaramDistrictofAndhraPradesh.Bhatri:SpokeninSouth-westernOdishaandeastern-southChhattisgarh.Halbi:SpokeninundividedBastardistrictofChhattisgarh.HalbiisamixtureofOdiaandMarathiwithinfluenceofChatishgarhitriballanguages.PhulbaniOdia:

4ExtractedfromWikipedia,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_language#Major_forms_or_dialects


28

SpokeninPhulbani,PhulbaniTown,KhajuripadablockofKandhamal,andinnearbyareasborderingBoudhdistrict.ThislanguagegainedmomentumduringtheamalgamationofKandhamal(Phulbani),andBoudh,regionintoasingledistrictPhulabani,11.1.1.3 Minornon-literaryandtribalformsordialectsSundargadiOdia:VariationofOdiaSpokeninSundargarhdistrictofOdishaandinadjoiningpocketsofJharkhandandChhattisgarh.KalahandiaOdia:VariationofOdiaspokeninundividedKalahandiDistrictandneighboringdistrictsofChhattisgarh.Kurmi:SpokeninNorthernOdishaandSouthwestBengal.Sounti:SpokeninNorthernOdishaandSouthwestBengal.Bathudi:SpokeninNorthernOdishaandSouthwestBengal.Kondhan:AtribaldialectspokeninWesternOdisha..Laria:SpokeninborderingareasofChatishgarhandWesternOdisha.Aghria:SpokenmostlybytheingeniouspeopleofAghriacasteinWesternOdisha.Bhulia:TribalformspokeninWesternOdisha.Sadri:AmixtureofOdiaandHindilanguagewithmajorregionaltribalinfluence.BodoParja/Jharia:TribaldialectofOdiaspokenmostlyinKoraputdistrictofSouthernOdisha.Matia:TribaldialectofOdiaspokeninSouthernOdisha.Bhuyan:TribaldialectofOdiaspokeninSouthernOdisha.Reli:SpokeninSouthernOdishaandborderingareasofAndhraPradesh.Kupia:SpokenbyValmikicastepeopleintheIndianstateofTelanganaandAndhraPradesh,mostlyinHyderabad,Mahabubnagar,Srikakulam,Vizianagaram,EastGodavariandVisakhapatnamdistricts.


29

12 AppendixC:OriyaCharacters

OdishaStateGovernmentPrimarySchoolGrade1e-book“HasaKhela”[105]page112listsalltheOriyacharactersasshowninFigure4.

Figure4:OdishaStateGovt.PrimarySchoolGrade1e-book(Page112)

13 AppendixD:NBGPCross-scriptVariantInclusionPolicy

If,inanytwogivenscripts,allthepotentialcross-scriptvariantsconsistofdependent(e.g.VowelSigns,Anusvara,Visarga,Chandrabinduetc.)charactersONLY,thenthatentiresetcanbeignoredandnocross-scriptvariantsbeproposedbetweenthosetwoscripts.

If,inanytwogivenscripts,thereisATLEASTONEnon-dependent(e.g.Consonant,Voweletc.)cross-scriptvariantcharacter/sequencepresent,allthepotentialcross-scriptvariantsbeconsideredandproposedbetweenthetwoscripts.Thiscross-scriptanalysishasbeenrestrictedtothescriptsthathavedescendedfromtheBrahmiasmostofthemsharesimilarusagepatterns.Byandlarge,allofthesescriptshaveacommonsetofcharactersthatexistedinBrahmiscriptandbearthesameidentities.


30

However,asthescriptsbranchedoutfromtheBrahmi,dependingonvariousfactors,theshapesofthecharacterschanged.Thischangeintheshapewasnotuniformacrossallthecharactersandthescripts.Somecharactersshapesdidchangesignificantlywhereassomeofthemstillretainedsimilarity.Thecross-scriptsimilarityanalysisalsoaimstoidentifysuchcaseswherethesamecharacterretainedalmostthesameshapedespitebeingpartofthedifferentscripts.Thesesetofcharactersarevariantsofeachotherintruesensethanmerelyofco-incidentalvisualsimilarity.CaseofMalayalamandOdia(Oriya)TTHAConsonant:Thisisthecaseof"ConsonantTtha"whichhappenedtoretainthesameshapedespitebeingpartofdifferentscripts,i.e.,MalayalamandOdia.Thesecharactersare:

ഠ - MALAYALAMLETTERTTHA(U+0D20)ଠ - ORIYALETTERTTHA(U+0B20)

Boththecharacters, lookexactlyalikeandbelongtoa"Consonant"category.Astheyareconsonants,eachofthem,eveninthesimplestformi.e.thecharactersthemselves,arevalidlabels.AspertheNBGPcross-scriptvariantinclusionpolicy,thisisavalidcaseforinclusion.Also,eveniftheyaresinglecharacters,whenthesamecharactercombines,theoreticallytheycanforminfinite5numberofcross-scriptvariantlabelsbetweenthescriptsinvolved.Herearesomesamplesofsomeofthoselabels:

Malayalam Oriya

ഠഠഠU+0D20U+0D20U+0D20

ଠଠଠU+0B20U+0B20U+0B20

ഠഠഠഠU+0D20U+0D20U+0D20U+0D20

ଠଠଠଠU+0B20U+0B20U+0B20U+0B20

ഠഠഠഠഠU+0D20U+0D20U+0D20U+0D20U+0D20

ଠଠଠଠଠU+0B20U+0B20U+0B20U+0B20U+0B20

Since,havingsuchlabelsisarealisticpossibilityandthecorrespondinglabelslookalmostexactlyalike,NBGPhasproposedthemasblockedvariants.

NBGPacknowledgestheconcernthatthisshapeisquitegenericandmayhaveparallelsinother scripts not under its ambit.However, asNBGPdoes not have any exposure aboutactualusageofthosecharactersinthoseparticularscripts,NBGPdesistedfromincludingthemintheanalysis.AsNBGPhasalreadyconsideredalltherelatedscriptsunderthecross-

5Though theoretically infinite, this number would be limited to the number of such labels whose equivalent punycode string would not exceed 63 characters including the ACE prefix "xn--".


31

scriptvariantanalysis,thesimilarityofthecharactersbelongingtoNBGPscriptswithotherscriptsnotundertheNBGPambit,maybeofamereco-incidentalvisualnature.

Additionally,thisconcernisnotlimitedtothesetwocharactersbutforallthecharactersinall thescriptsunder the scopeof theRootLGRprocedure.Carryingout this analysis canpracticallybedoneonlywiththeGenerationPanelsthatexistwhiletheNBGPisactive.Thisstill leaves out those scripts out of the scope which may not have a Generation Panelestablished yet. Hence, carrying out this exercise in entirety is quite impracticable. Thisconundrum can be resolved if all the such cases are handled by the "String SimilarityAssessmentPanel"ofICANN.

proposal for an oriya script root zone label …proposal for an oriya root zone lgr neo-brahmi...

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