ContentsI. City Overview

II. Problem Statements and Need

III. Project Scope, Objectives & Way Forward

A. Facilitator for the Project

B. Drivers for the Project

C. Specific objectives

D. Institutional Options: An Analysis

E. JMTA: A way forward & its role

IV. Methodology and Sources

City Characteristics Heritage city of Jaipur is known worldwide as the Pink

City. Part of the tourist Golden Triangle of Delhi, Jaipur and

Agra, it is a major tourist destination. Well connected to rest of the Country by National

Highway 8, 11 and 12, Rail and Air. A major hub for trade, industry, education & health. The political and economic centre of Rajasthan. The fastest growing 1 million plus cities in the country

having population of 3.10 million (2011) Emerging Metropolitan Area– Jaipur region area of 2940

sq. k.m. having population of 4.45 million (2011) growingat 4.6% annual average rate per decade, expected toreach a population of 9.30 million by 2031

City Overview

Transport Characteristics Composition: High Rates of Increase of Individual

Mode- Two wheelers and Cars (87%) Total registered vehicles – 16,38,115 (March 2011) Ridership: Share of Public Transport Ridership is 19%

(lowest in 3 million plus cities) Average Trip length – 8.7 km (Public Transport)

8.9 km (Private Vehicles) Average Travel Speeds - Old City 15-18 kmph and

Rest 27-50 Kmph

…City Overview

…City Overview: Vehicular Growth

SN Year Taxi Cars Buses IPT Others PrivateCars

TwoWheeler

Total

1 2000-01 5101 14752 9724 50367 83253 480570 643767

2 2001-02 6148 15045 10450 52259 90914 518530 693346

3 2002-03 7168 15424 11551 54353 99742 564410 752648

4 2003-04 8280 15787 13173 57812 111468 617195 823715

5 2004-05 9360 16400 15794 62619 126446 692512 923131

6 2005-06 10645 17178 19649 67680 145617 789737 1050506

7 2006-07 12063 17788 24864 73789 165251 883019 1176774

8 2007-08 14119 19032 28899 87964 188850 985760 1324624

9 2008-09 14833 18873 30475 82806 204871 1035999 1387857

10 2009-10 17589 20714 33907 100888 232078 1144561 1549737

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000N

o of

Veh

icle

s

Taxi CarsBusesIPTOthersPrivate CarsTwo Wheeler

…City Overview: Vehicular Growth

Year

The average annual growth rate is around 14%

Vehicle Registration up to Mar’11 %

M. Ricks. 55 0.00336Two Wheeler 1214058 74.1131Auto Ricksha 19606 1.19686Tempo Pass. 2437 0.14877

Tempo Goods 12847 0.78426Car 205869 12.5674

Jeeps 46886 2.86219Tractors 36518 2.22927Trailers 2911 0.1777

Taxi/M Taxi /Cabs 19144 1.16866Buses 20475 1.24991Trucks 53776 3.2828Others 3533 0.21567Total 1638115

…City Overview: Vehicle Registrations (March 2011)

…City Overview: Vehicle Registrations (March 2011)

M.Ricks.

0%

Two Wheeler74%Auto Ricksha

1%

Tempo Pass.0%

Tempo Goods1%

Car13%

Jeeps3%

Tractors2%

Trailers0%

Taxi/M Taxi/Cabs

1%

Buses1%

Trucks4%

Others0%

…City Overview: Road Accidents and Deaths

YEAR INDIA RAJASTHAN JAIPURTotal No. of

roadaccidents

Total no. ofpersonsKilled

No. ofRoad

Accidents

No. ofPersonsKilled

No. ofRoad

Accidents

No. ofPersonsKilled

2006 460920 105749 23348 7154 4903 12102007 479216 114444 23885 8143 4943 14042008 484704 119860 23704 8388 4637 13362009 486384 125660 25114 9045 4531 13282010 499628 134513 24302 9163 4328 12512011 497686 142485 23245 9232 4294 13022012 490383 138258 22969 9528 4084 1227

…City Overview: Present Institutional Framework & their Role

Agency Planning & Design Implementation O & M Licensing Regulation

JDA Coordination andformulating schemes fordevelopment of Jaipur regionincluding transport. UrbanPlanning Land use, masterdevelopment plan, buildingbyelaws, bridges, flyovers,RoB, parking, to preparemaster plan for traffic control& management, streetlighting

Urban Planning,Roads, Parking,Bridges, Flyovers,Traffic Control &ManagementSystem.

UrbanPlanning(roads,parking,bridges,flyovers),Traffic Control& Mgt. System

Removal ofencroachments in Non JMCbut JDA Area

JMC Urban Planning includingtown planning, Regulation ofland use, Urban amenities.Roads, bridges, flyovers, RoB,parking, solid wastemanagement, street, lighting,Bus stops.

Solid wastehandling, roads,street lights.

Land use,maintenanceof roads,parking, roadlights

Removal ofencroachments in JMC Area

RUIDP Urban Infrastructure,Drainage, waste watermanagement, RoB, flyovers

Water supply, wastewater management,drainage, RoBs

Water supply,waste watermanagement,drainage, RoBs

Agency Planning &Design

Implementation

O & M Licensing Regulation

PWD Technical advisor toGovt, roads, bridges

Flyover,Roads,Bridges

Flyover,Roads,Bridges

NHAI National Highways,Flyover, Bridges

NationalHighways,Flyover,Bridges

NationalHighways, Flyover,Bridges

TransportDeptt.

Policy for trafficcontrol, Vehicleregistration, settingstandards includingsafety andenvironment

Trafficmanagementsystems,Fixation offares

Trafficmanagementsystems

Vehicleregistration,drivingLicenses,Special Permit

Road Transport,Inspection andtesting ofvehicles,Enforcement ofrules

TrafficPolice

Traffic plan,awareness.Recommends roadengineeringchanges to PWD,JDA, JMC

Trafficenforcements,safe andsmooth traffic

Trafficenforcement, safeandsmoothtraffic

Road accidentsinvestigation,Enforcement ofTraffic Rules

…City Overview: Present Institutional Framework & their Role

Agency Planning & Design Implementation O & M Licensing Regulation

RSRTC Inter state and intercity public transport

Services totravelling publicin the State

Services totravelling publicin the State

TrafficControlBoard

Broader policyframework andmanagement oftraffic

RHB Roads, bridges,flyovers, RoBs,parking, streetlighting

Roads, bridges,flyovers, RoBs,parking, streetlighting

Roads, bridges,flyovers, RoBs,parking, streetlighting

JMRCL Metro Rails Metro Rails Metro Rails

JCTSL Bus Rapid TransportSystem, BusTerminals, Roads,Flyovers, Settingservice qualitystandards

BRTS, Feederservices

BRTS, Feederservices

BRTS, Feederservices

PrivatePlayers

Service Providers

…City Overview: Present Institutional Framework & their Role

Agency Planning &Design

Implementation

O & M Licensing Regulation

UMTA • Formulation of progressive land use and Transportation Policy for metropolitanarea.

• Framing rules and regulations for Urban Transport.• Appropriate Tariff Policy.• Route determination and modal integration.• Setting service standards.• Ensure fair competition on routes, network or geographical areas.

…City Overview: Present Institutional Framework & their Role

Problem Statement: Institutional Orphan

Legislation:-

Railways & highways are under list I (Union List); Roads, bridges, tramways areunder list II (State List) but there is no legislation to cover the requirementof UT comprehensively.

The motor vehicle Act: deals with licensing of vehicles. Railways Act: covers inter-city traffic. Metro construction Act: Construction of metro railway. Tramway Act: tramway within the road surface with free access across it. Not covered under any act:- Bus rapid transit, the light rail transit, the

mono rail, issues of Transport planning, multimodal integration, safety,tariff and financing.

At Central Govt. Level: - UT is managed by three ministries, i.e. Urban Development, Railways,

Road transport & highways. Laying standards & norms for roads by theIndian Road congress.

According to Rules of business in regard to Urban Rail Transit Services : MoUD - Nodal agency for policy & planning at the national level. Mo Railways- Technical planning & safety. Mo Railways- Technical planning & safety for Metro Railways also

(The metro railways (operation & Maintenance) Act 2002).

Therefore, Central Govt. should form NURTA on the lines of NHAI to plan,design & implement rail transit project for city/ state govt.

At State Level: - Urban Development and/or Transport Department isthe nodal department.

At City Level: - Several Agencies are involved

…Problem Statement: Institutional Orphan

…Problem Statements: Planning, Management & Services Multiplicity: Multi operators (JMRC, JCTSL, Private Operators, Traffic

Police, JDA, etc) making integration of PT difficult. Priorities:

Limited focus on Mobility due to limited Agency Coordination and coupledwith budgetary and defined role constraints.

Focus on agency priorities than seamless movement by passengers / orpriorities of road users.

Sector Planning: Limited integration of Land Use and Transport;focus generally on infrastructure than Mobility .

Sector Management: Modes especially IPT (Intermediate PublicTransport ) competing with Public Transport.

Services: Inadequate and poor quality of services 7km BRTS operational & 12km Metro corridor under construction Inadequate accessibility Poor facilities for MNTs and pedestrians Lack of feeder services

…Problem Statements: Financing & SHE Issues Environment and Health:

• Increasing concern of Vehicular Pollution, and road accidents.• WHO estimates say that pollution causes 800 Thousand deaths per year in Urban areas.• 14% Green House gas emissions in world is by transport.• WHO says that every year road accidents cause 1.3million deaths which is less than deaths

caused by malaria (less than 1MN)• About 1,38,000 persons in India, about 9,500 persons in Rajasthan and about 1300 persons

in Jaipur are killed in road accidents every year. Costs:

• User Costs: Reduction in travel speeds and increasing travel time due to inadequate & poorservices.

• Congestion: Limited possibilities in expansion of road space in the short run andincentive measures such as TDR is limited to facilitate expansion

Sector Financing:• Heavy investment oriented services especially Metro and BRT.• Sector financing based on budgetary allocation than user charges or own sources limited,

Nil allocation of non fare box revenues , inadequate use of Land Based Revenues (such asdevelopment charge/ betterment levy, Premium FAR).

• Operations not financially viable. Regulation:

• Limited Regulation of vehicular movements, emission control and Road User Safety

Future Transport Challenges: The Studies TERI (The Energy & Recourses Institute): India's commercial energy demand and

emission will increase by more than 7 times by 2031. (In do nothing scenario)

CMP-2010: Emissions result for Jaipur (2031-tons/day)- Do nothing scenarioo Carbon monoxide- 26.17

o Hydro carbons- 11.44

o Particulate matter- 0.75

An MORTH committee (2007) estimated 50% increase in road accidents over a ten

years’ period (2005-2015)

Mckinsey Global Institute & HPEC projected that mass rapid transit services and

roads together require nearly 55% (i.e. Rs. One Lakh Crore per year for next 20

years) of total projected investment (Rs. 22,94,932 Crore) for urban services in

cities.

CMP-2010: Approximate capex for implementing the mobility plan in Jaipur is Rs.

24200 Crore over the next 20 years.

TERI (2006)- Numbers of vehicles in the country will increase to about 670 million

by 2030 equal to the number of cars now in the world ( Do nothing scenario)

Future Transport Demand of Jaipur: A call for need of paradigm shift

There will be about 6.33 Lakh motorized peak hour trips in 2031 (CMP-2010)

Facilitator for the Project

Constitution of India: 74th CAA, 12th Schedule and 7th Schedule of Constitutionenvisage urban planning including town planning.

National Urban Transport Policy 2006: focus on mobility and integratedplanning and service delivery. NUTP calls for increasing the share up to 60% of PTin our cities.

Recommendations of NTDPC Assessment of transport and investment requirement for next two decades. Recommendation of a comprehensive and sustainable policy. Suggests measures to improve the capacity and evolve implementing projects. A comprehensive UT Act is essential.

Recommendations of 12th 5 year plan

Recommendation of HPEC Report: (MoUD) on "Indian Urban Infrastructureand Services" : Goals for augmentation of public transport (vision 2030)

SLBs by MoUD Examples of other cities: International Best Practices

…Drivers for the Project: State’s vision

Recommendation of the CMP for Jaipur City High order Mass Transit (Metro) 29 Kms High order Mass Transit (Mono Rail) 66 Kms High order Mass Transit (BRT) At 11 roads; 88 Kms Augmentation of Bus fleet (For the period 2010-31) 2000 Focus on mobility: Priorities of Pedestrian/ NMT, Urban Seamless

travel, coordinated service planning Master plan 2025: Envisage for a proper public transport reach. States priority for Development of Jaipur as a world class city Created JCTSL and JMRC for Enhancing public transport Constituted UMTA for Planning, Coordination and Regulation Creation of RTIDF and DMF Focus on Environment and health: Air Quality and safety.

Specific Objectives Integrated planning and Policy Formulation

An Institutional mechanism for integrated & holistic planning. Integrated land use -Transport-environment plan Future planning and Investment programs (Road and Rail Infrastructure,

Parking bays, Interchange points, Terminals and Depots) NMT facilities and pedestrian infrastructure facilities (walkway, bikeway,

lighting and parking for NMTs) Integrated planning and management of different modes of transport Planning of regional/sub-urban transport and integration. Alternative analysis to identify the best mode for a corridor. Mixed land use for short trip length and segregated land use for longer

trip length.

Institutional Integrated / single management control of urban transportation

components An effective institutional framework at Centre, State and City level

including Safety Board. Need of a comprehensive Urban Transport Act.

Regulatory and Coordinating Services A mechanism for Rationalization of Routes for various modes

including freight service management. Integration of Fare & Ticketing Systems & coordinated time-table. SLBs should find a place. Regulation of private service providers and IPTs to support P.T. Organizing services of MRT, BRT, feeder services, including usage

of ITS , PIS, GPS. NOC for route permits – city permit rights. Intra-sectorial coordination and integration by approving proposals

from city agencies Improving accessibility of public transport. Demand and supply management:

Measures to control the use and ownership of personal motorizedvehicles (like in Singapore) TOD (like in Curitiba), congestion charges (like in London) Increasing road capacity and enhancing PT capacity. Reducing trip length (increase of holiday, increasing

telecommunication and e-commerce, having living and work placetogether, increasing use of cycling and walking).

…Specific Objectives:

Traffic Engineering Enforcement of rules and regulations. Traffic management including area traffic control, traffic policy,

safety and security.

Technology Upgradation, Capacity Buildingand SHE Management Capacity building of officials, education of road users, training

of drivers. Database and R&D. Technologies upgradation (clean, fuel efficient and environment

sensible)

A Sustainable Financing Mechanism Fare Box, Land Based Levies, Non Fare Box Revenue sources and

targeted subsides from the State / Centre. Developing a resource generation policy. Developing an Urban Transport Fund. Guideline for involvement of private sector. Mechanism for funding both capital and revenue.

…Specific Objectives:

Institutional Options : An AnalysisOption I: Establishment of Coordination Committee(s) Barriers:

While there may be common agreement, implementation will depend onagencies financial capacity, priorities as per their development plan andapproval procedures.

Committees generally not fully empowered to enforce decisions as they haveno legal mandate.

Opportunities: A platform to coordinate from project planning andstructuring to implementation.

Option II: Establishment of a Single InstitutionFor coordination, planning, management, infrastructure, construction,operations, maintenance and execution of public transport services but privateservices regulated. Advisable but would violate constitutional provisions on decentralization

and statutory functions of agencies as per 7th Schedule of the Constitution.Option III: Operation and Maintenance under Single Institution

But, individual agencies to take up work of their planning, management,infrastructure and construction with their own statutory and financial powers.Barriers: Limited funding for operation, focus on agencies priority not onmobility.

…Institutional Options : An AnalysisOption IV: A 3-Tier Organizational Set up

1. Metropolitan Planning Committee: - As envisaged in the 74th

constitutional amendment for the metropolitan area will take care of theinter-sectoral coordination needed particularly with urban growth policies.

2. Jaipur Metropolitan Transport Authority (JMTA): - As envisaged in theNUTP-2006, a full time statutory body supervised by a Board withrepresentation from all city agencies and stakeholders including thesurrounding regions and supported by UT professional should be setup. Itwill be backed by legislation.

3. Existing city agencies: - Engaged in implementation and operation of UT related projects to

continue in their present roles. Operation of Bus, Rail and other guided transit modes, Bus priority

schemes etc. will be looked after and continued by specialized agencies Construction of Infrastructure operation and maintenance thereafter will

be by the relevant agency. Permits for stage carriage operation including Para-transit should be

issued as approved by JMTA. Private operators shall be regulated.

…Institutional Options : An Analysis

Barriers: Limited funding, autonomy of existing agencies reduced tosome extent but good for mobility.

Opportunity:1. Funding will be available with proposed RTIDF and DMF and possible

other revenues for the fund such as fuel cess / road user pricingmechanism such as congestion charge, share from State / Central RoadFund, external borrowing etc.

2. Use of funds for maximum value as per prioritized project.3. Statutory body to bring integrated planning and coordination.4. This arrangement will work as this does not impinge on agencies powers

and functions but provide support (similar to UMTA) in planning designand Implementation of infrastructure / programs or policies.

5. This arrangement is in line with the recommendations of NUTP-2006,HPEC Report, NTDPC Report 2012, 12th Five year plan, constitutional andlegal provisions (An Act is also recommended by NTDPC).

JMTA: A Way Forward and its RolePolicy Functions: Formulation of policy strategy and financing forthe city.

Regulatory Functions: JMTA will take care of intra-sectoral coordination. It should undertake, integration and approval of proposals by city agencies

(JMC, JMRC, JDA, JCTSL, Traffic Police, Transport Department etc.) JMTA will monitor implementations of transport measures undertaken by

functional departments and agencies.

Integrated and holistic planning for urban transport:Comprehensive integrated transport planning of all components ofurban Transport including integrated land-use transport planning,planning for multimodal public transport system, mass rapid transit,planning of bus routes, terminals and interchange points, depots,intermediate public transport, NMT and transport DemandManagement, goods movement planning and urban mobility planning.Planning of road network and associated infrastructure, i.e., TrafficSignals, Road Intersections, Flyovers, Grade Separators, Bridges, ByePasses and facilities for Pedestrians, Bicycles, Terminals for inter-modalTransfers and Parking, planning for future extensions & investments.

…JMTA: A way forward and its roleCoordination of Services: Franchising/ route allocation, contractMonitoring, coordination of services, Ensuring supply of services to meetdemand, Monitor the work assigned to implementing agencies. All serviceproviders including rail transit and BRT will be controlled by JMTA. Transportdepartment should issue permit to buses, Para transit and personalized transportafter obtaining NOC by JMTA. Dispute resolution, PIS, integrated ticketing,connectivity management, management of multi modal interchanges, includingcommon facilities, i.e. depots and terminals. JMTA will take all work related tourban mobility in Jaipur. (Note: Construction, operation and maintenance ofmass rapid transit modes, bus services and all other infrastructure will continuethrough existing city agencies.)

Traffic Engineering: The Planning of Traffic engineering andmanagement measures should be with JMTA.

Technology upgradation, capacity building &SHE management: Capacity building to upgrade skills of city officials,Technology upgrade and use of Technology to manage urban Transport, datamanagement and R&D

…JMTA: A way forward and its roleFinancial Management:• Receive all funds for providing urban transport services and infrastructure

and allocating to various city agencies to implement/operate all UT relatedactivities as per a phased plan and prioritization of projects.

• Raise capital; acquire, hold and develop land; utilize the space on its landfor commercial purpose.

• Fixation of fare tariffs.• Receive loans and grants by Central/State government, maintain the

necessary reserve funds and publish its accounts.• Determine liability of the authority/ agency in cases of death and injury to

passengers, and the procedure of determination of compensation.• Impose penalties for offences and irregularities.• Management of revenue sharing arrangement.• JMTA will decide on capital financing and long term investments.• JMTA will be with full powers, but accountable.

Thanks

Conclusion

To prepare a concept paper for decision on Integrated Planningand Management of Urban Transport Services in Jaipur for thebenefits of local government, the users and the operators.

Methodology:Various steps are study of related documents, present plans, examination ofneed and feasibility, legal aspects, impacts, role and mechanism

Sources:1. Constitution of India- 7th Schedule, 12th Schedule and 74th Constitutional

Amendment Act2. National Urban Transport Policy 2006, 12th Five year plan, NTDPC Report

2012, SLBs by MoUD, HPEC Report on “Indian Urban Infrastructure andServices (Vision 2030)

3. Other city examples “International Best Practices”4. CMP for Jaipur 2010- By Wilbur Smith5. Various Acts and Rules (like Rajasthan Municipal Act, Metro Railways

(Construction of Works) Acts, Central Motor Vehicles Rules, Road TransportAct, NHAI Act, JDA Act, Land Acquisition Act, etc.)

6. Information from websites of various Govt. departments and agencies7. Master Development Plan 2025 Jaipur Region- By JDA8. DPR – JMRC, Memorandum and Articles of Association of JMRC & JCTSL9. Annual Report 2011-12 of various Govt. departments and agencies10. Operational plan of Jaipur BRTS – By IUT

Methodology and Sources: