BY : NUR AMALINA BINTI RAZALI 2010842508

ADVISOR : PROF. DR. JAMALUDDIN KASSIM

THESIS PROPOSAL

EVALUATING THE PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD FROM ACACIA

SPECIES USING DIFFERENT RESIN CONTENT AND BOARD DENSITY

INTRODUCTIONBACKGROUND OF STUDY • The Solid Wood Not Anymore Enough To Making Product

Such As Furniture. • The Research About To Recycle Wood Waste Into Wood Panel

Products Had Been Done.• Particleboard Is One Of The Wood Panel Product• Particleboards Are Manufactured To Easily Painting And

Easier To Handle (Hoadley., 2000). • Particleboards Are Classified By Particle Size, Resin Content,

Density And Strength Size. • Particleboards Usually Use Synthetic Resins Such As Urea

Formaldehyde (UF), Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) And Melamine

RESEARCH PROBLEM

• Solid Wood Is Usually Good Material For Making Furniture, But, Solid Wood Is Decreased And Higher In Cost• So, Wood Based Panel Has Been Used To Replace The Solid

Wood. Then, The Demands For Wood Based Product Have Increased. • Usually Rubberwoods Are Used To Making Particle Board, But,

Rubber Wood Is Limited In Resource. • To Decreases The Use Of Rubberwood, In This Study, Acacia

Species Are Chosen To Replace The Rubberwood.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

• The Study Of Difference Of Density And Resin Content To The Particle Board Using Acacia Species Is To Give Alternative Way To Making Particle Board• Acacia Species Can Accommodate The Production Of Particle Board Which Is Usually Uses Rubberwood• Employment Opportunities To The People Of Malaysia Will Also Increase Because More Labor Is Needed Because There Is An Alternative Material To Produce Particle Board In Addition To Rubberwood• Malaysia's Economy Will Also Increase As Malaysia Will Become A Major Producer Of Particle Board In The World, Because Particle Board Manufacturing Industry In Malaysia Has Many Plantation Species To Be Particle Board.

Limitations of the study

• Only Using Wood From Acacia Species To Produce Particle Board To Prevent Problems In Obtaining A Result. • Conduct a study to set the density particle board between 500(kg/, 600 (kg/and 800(kg/• The Resin Content Must In The 5 %, 7%, And 9 %.• Types Of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Is Used To Produce Particle Board,

Objectives

The objectives of this study are:

•To determine the mechanical and physical properties of particleboard using acacia species.

•To evaluate the effects of different board density and resin content on particleboard properties.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Raw material for Malaysia particleboard industry• The Raw Material For These Wood Composite Productions Are

Mainly Rubberwood, Sawmill Residue, Mixed Hardwood Species And Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Rahim And Koh, 2007).

• Main Raw Material For Particleboard Industry Is Wood Particles Such As Saw Dust, Wood Particles, Shavings And Resin.

• Malaysia Usually Used Hardwood As To Produce Particleboard• Particleboard Industry In Malaysia Is Grow To Success With Many

Studies Are Being Undertaken Including The Planting Of Plantation Species

• Suitable Resin Is Used Such As Urea Formaldehyde (UF), Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) And Melamine Urea Formaldehyde (MUF)

Particleboard industry

Definition of particleboard Particleboard is an engineered wood product

manufactured from wood particles such as saw dust, wood particles, shavings and resin

Particleboard made by compressing small particles of wood while simultaneously bonding them with an adhesive or resin

Properties of Particleboard

Particleboard has woody color. Very smooth particleboard is important to give easier for painting and veneering

The strength of the board will depend on its density, its thickness, its layered or graded structure, the adhesive used in it and others factors.

Usually board with higher density and thickness will more strength.

Particleboards cannot resist on the outside for long time because particleboard are made from wood that easier attacked by insects or fungi.

Particleboards are high moisture absorption (Cai and Robert, 2012).

Uses Of Particleboard

Particleboards are usually used for building application such as ceilings, walls, partitions and floors.

Particleboards are also can be used as shuttering for concrete kitchen, bedroom and dining room furniture.

Others products from particleboards are musical instrument such as pianos or organ, pallets, containers and packaging cases, shop fittings and displays boards.

While, roof framed building structure, storage facilities and animal houses also can be making using particleboard (Charles, 1987).

Resin

Phenol Formaldehyde (PF)

• Products using PF resins may increase their dimensional stability because of lower moisture content.

• Phenol Formaldehyde are not suitable for decorative products application because dark in color.

• Phenol Formaldehyde are very suitable for exterior furniture such as garden furniture because water resistance

• Phenol Formaldehyde is having two types; they are the resoles and the novolacs.

Effect Of Resin Content Physical Properties • Water absorption is increase with increase of resin

content. The optimum resin content level without spill off observed to be 14% being the most economical value of resin content giving optimum physical properties values for water absorption and thickness swelling (Ogola, 2002).

Mechanical Properties • The mechanical properties of particleboard are the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB). The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) increased with increasing resin content (Amir, 2008). The mechanical properties of particleboard increase when bonding with resin (Taghi, 2011).

Effect Of Board DensityPhysical Properties of particleboard• Increase in swelling should be expected with increase in board density. Increase in mechanical strength with increase in density can be sufficient to offset increased swelling tendency. Water absorption was found closely related inversely to board density in water-soak test. An increase in board density caused decreases in thickness swelling (Benedito, 2012).

Mechanical Properties of particleboard• Shiuchi Kawai et.al, 1985, reported that the Modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) increase linearly with increasing board density. The internal bond strength also increases with increase the density of board.

METHODOLOGYFLOW CHART OF PARTICLEBOARD MANUFACTURING

Raw Material

Preparation

Chipping and

Flaking

Drying and

Screening

Resin Mixing and Blending

Mat FormingPre-Press Hot PressTrimming

and Sizing

Testing

RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION• The Acacia tress will be obtained from UiTM Jengka Forst Reserves.• The tree will be harvested using chain saw and the logs are debarked to remove the bark.

CHIPPING AND FLAKING• logs which have been cut into preferred length will be

sent to the chipping machine for the chipping process.• The planks will be into chipper to produce wood chip• Wood chips will then pass through the knife ring flakers

to produce smaller wood particles• The particles produce will be air dried for 1 week to

reduce the moisture content to less than 15%.

DRYING AND SCREENING• After air drying the particles will be screen using the vibrating flat screener • screening will also remove the over size of the particles that can affect the strength of the particleboard. • The particles will be screened into 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm sizes.• The screened particle will be oven dried at a temperature of 80-90°C for 48 hours to reduce the moisture content to below 5%.

Resin Mixing and Blending• In this study, Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) will be used as

the binder.• The weighted dried particles will be placed in the

blender and sprayed with Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resin.

• The amount of resin used will be 5%, 7% and 9%.

MAT FORMING• The sprayed particle will be laid in mould with dimension of 350mm x 350mm• Before the forming, ‘mould release agent’ will used to spray the caule plate to avoid the particles trim sticking on caul plate and mould.

PRE-PRESS PROCESS• the pre-press process was done to reduce the thickness• pre-pressed for about 30 seconds before hot pressing• The advantage of pre-pressed techniques was to enable

the mat to be handled before hot pressing procedure was done

HOT PRESS• The mats will be placed in the press, one mat at each time. • The hot press will be set at three different pressures• first be pressed at 1800 psi for 180 second,• followed by 120 second at a pressure of 1200 psi • last for 60 second at 800 psi. • In this process, the particle will be compressed at a temperature of 145°C.• Then, the boards will be removed from the caul plate let to the environment about 4 to 6 minutes to cool down

TRIMMING AND SIZING• edge trimmed to desired length and width, and to

square the edges. Then, the boards will be cut to size based on testing method

Panel TestingMoisture Content and Density• The sample was cut into the size 50mm x 50mm and

then placed in the oven with the temperature of about 105°C ± 2°C.

• the volume of determination of moisture content was calculated using the equation below:

MC % = X 100%

• Density is defined as mass divided by volume:P =

Bending Strength• This testing was basically used to measure the value of

Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE).

• MOR was the measurement of the rate rupture particleboard specimen.

• MOE value was to measure the resistance to bending related to stiffness of a beam.

• This testing was most important to determine the strength of the particleboard.

Internal Bonding• The Instron Model machine will give a pull from upper

and below at the particleboard. Samples were tested until it crack and the graph that show drop.

Water Absorption• The samples were soaked into the water for 24 hours.

For every 2 hours, the samples are weighted and recorded until the value was constant at 24 hours.

• The formulae that is used in calculation to know the percentage of the water absorption as below:

WA = X 100 %

Determination of Thickness Swelling• Before soaked all the data must be recorded and then

samples were soaked into water for 24 hours. • Take the thickness of the samples for every 2 hours

until reach 24 hours.TS = X 100%

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

PARTICLE BOARD

RESIN (5%) RESIN (7%)

RESIN (9%)

DENSITY: 500(kg/

DENSITY: 600(kg/

DENSITY: 800(kg/

DENSITY: 500(kg/

DENSITY: 600(kg/

DENSITY: 800(kg/

DENSITY: 500(kg/

DENSITY: 800(kg/

DENSITY: 600(kg/

THANK YOU ^_^