Project 1 Green Life Charge

KOTA KINABALU

GREEN LIFE CHARGE

NAME NUMBER IDEIWAN AZRUL HAMIRUN 07DEP12F2021

MUHAMMAD HAZWAN MUKSIN 07DEP12F2017

KARNOH SAIM 07QEP13F2001

DIPLOMA ELECTRONIC (COMUNICATION)

DISEMBER 2014

Chapter 1. . . . .

Project 1 Green Life Charge

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Project

charge battery such as “power bank” is useful for smartfone

now a days. This is because only with small capacity battery sure

not enough. The use of power bank is to charge the battery without

current and easily to bring everywhere. But the disadvantage is the

power bank need to be recharge with electric energy . So we decide

to make charge that no need to recharge with electrical energy

anymore. The name of the project that we make is a “green life

energy”.

About the “green Life Charge”, this project is a generate the

small amount electricity for a smartphone, to replacement the power

bank technology, the “Green Life charge” is very useful and very

charm, low cost, also no need to payment, because the devices can

be generate the electricity it self by using magnetic field, so you can

save you money for the electricity.

Problem statement

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Based on the problem, we see that many charge is usefull but

it has limit as example is power bank that need to recharge after has

been use. how ever power bank that have problem, the problem is

wasting our to recharge, so base on the problem, people so lazy to

use the power bank, take many time to waiting. So from the

problem statement, we create one devices the name is “Green Life

Charge” to change power bank technology.

Objective

The objective is to make people easier charging their on

smartphone without using power source from the battery and

electricity. Beside that, it is portable and we no need to worry about

the power source. However it is also no limit energy. You can

generate how much you want, because the devices that have

unlimited power.

Scopes of Study

The scope of this project are understanding the overview

concept of hydro power, because our project design just a like a

hydro power source, by understanding it operation and knowledge,

we can create the mini hydro power for an smartphone, this project

using the CPU fan for generate the power, magnet use for spining

the cpu fan, also circuit board and USB female port.

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Chapter 2. . . . .

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the

critical points of current knowledge and or methodological

approaches on a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary

sources, and as such, do not report any new or original experimental

work.

Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such

as theses, a literature review usually precedes a research proposal

and results section. Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date

with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for another

goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area. A well-

structured literature review is characterized by a logical flow of

ideas; current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate

referencing style; proper use of terminology and an unbiased and

comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic.

The report that we want to be produced needed a few factor

that should be taken consideration until that project implemented.

To get a quality project result, we need to study about the type of

material, design , components that we used, framework installation ,

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installation method and maintenance ,level of product safety,

structural strength, project size and so on that we need make it and

consider the result that we get. This is all ensure that no any

problems would arise during the completion or even when

presenting the project.

Hence, systematic and detailed planning must be arranged for

produce a complete and perfect project. First step that we need

made it, was design daub (sketching) for get the real image of

machine that we want to be produced. Due to this, the work design

and study that we made is a continuing process and it involving

problem solving activity creatively namely which is known as

literature study.

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2.2 CPU fan

A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer

case used for active cooling, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air

into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside, or move air

across a heat sink to cool a particular component.

2.2.1 CPU fan feture

12V

37mA

0.45W

Figure 2.2.2 Cpu fan

2.3Diode

In electronics a diode is a two-terminal electronic component

which conducts electric current asymmetrically or unidirectional;

that is, it conducts current more easily in one direction than in the

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opposite direction. The term usually refers to a semiconductor

diode, the most common type today, which is a crystal of

semiconductor connected to two electrical terminals, a P-N

junction. A vacuum tube diode, which was the first type of diode

invented but is now little used, is a vacuum tube with two

electrodes; a plate and a cathode.

The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current

in one direction (called the forward direction) while blocking

current in the opposite direction (the reverse direction). Thus, the

diode can be thought of as an electronic version of a check valve.

This unidirectional behavior is called rectification, and is used to

convert alternating current to direct current, and remove modulation

from radio signals in radio receivers.

Figure 2.7: Diode

Figure 2.8: Diode Symbols

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2.5 Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used

to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is

composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals

for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to

one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through

another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can

be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor

canamplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged

individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated

circuits.

Figure 2.4.1 symbol of transistor

Figure 2.4.2 transistor

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2.5 USB female port

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the

mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors andcommunications

protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply

between computers and electronic devices.

Figure 2.5.1 usb female port

2.6 Capacitor

A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is

a passive two-terminal electrical component used to

store energy electrostaticallyin an electric field. The forms of

practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least

two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric. The

conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or

conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to

increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be glass,

ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, oxide layer etc.

Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many

common electrical devices. Unlike aresistor, an ideal capacitor does

not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form

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of an electrostatic field between its plates.

Figure 2.6.1 symbol of capacitor

Figure 2.6.2 Capacitor

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CHAPTER 3. . . . .METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Methodology can be the ‘analysis of the principles of methods,

rules, and postulates employed by a discipline’, ‘the systematic study of

methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a discipline’ or ‘a

particular procedure or set of procedures’.

Methodology includes a philosophically coherent collection of

theories, concepts or ideas as they relate to a particular discipline or field

of inquiry. Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods,

rather it refers to the rationale and the philosophical assumptions that

underlie a particular study relative to the scientific method. This is why

scholarly literature often includes a section on the methodology of the

researchers.

Each step of project is a process to complete the project. Every step must

be followed one by one and must be done carefully. If some error occurs

it can make

a project probably could not operate or do not look neat and perfect.

Before the project finish, various process needs to be done according to

proper procedures to ensure that projects do not have any problems.

Among the measures the work done in preparing this project are.

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Process of designing circuit.

Circuit board trace

Soldering process in circuit board.

3.1.1 Flow Chart Plan Of Project

3.1.2 Flow Chart 1.0: Plan Of Project

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3.2 Gantt Chart

WEEK / ACTIVITY

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10

Week 11

Week 12

Week 13

Week 14

Week 15

Week 16

Week 17

Week 18

Students Registration                                    

Project Briefing                                    

Submission of Project Title                                    

Submission of Proposal

Assistance and Discussion                                    

Progress The Project and First Draft of The

Report 50%                                    

Progress The Project, Second Draft of The

Report and presentation 75%                                    

Preparation for presentation                                    

Submission of Final Report                                    

Presentation                                    

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3.3Draw Schematic Diagram of circuit using proteus

PROTEUS V7.5 allows professional engineers to run interactive

simulations of real designs, and to reap the rewards of this approach to

circuit simulation. And then, a range of simulator models for popular

micro-controllers and a set of animated models for related peripheral

devices such as PIC and LCD displays, resistor, and more. It is possible to

simulate complete micro-controller systems and thus to develop the

software for them without access to a physical prototype. In a world

where time to market is becoming more and more important this is a real

advantage. Structurally, Proteus 6 Professional separated into two main

components, which are ISIS 7

Professional and ARES 7 Professional. ISIS 7 Professional mainly

involved on circuit designing and simulation. In our project we use

Proteus to design a schematic diagram.

Figure 3.3.1: interface of Proteus 7.5

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3.3.2 Simulate The Circuit Using Proteus

After completing the circuit assembly and configuration, now its

time to verify whether the source code compiled is virtually

accurate or not. Proteus offer a whole lot of variety virtual devices.

In fact, simulation using oscilloscope and function generator can be

done using Proteus. Even virtual hyperterminal is provided to

demonstrate how your code performs in real world without really

doing the hardware section yet.

Figure 3.2 : Toolbar Of Proteus Simulation

3.4 Process Of The Circuit Designing

3.4.1 Design The Circuit Diagram

After decide what kind of project that we want to build. We need to

make a research about the circuit, electronic component that we

need to used, hardware and so on. These things actually can help us

to make a better in designing circuit. For example, we need to know

the size, foot of component, polarity of the component, the

component method compilation and etc to make a circuit diagram.

Project 1 Green Life Charge

In the first step in Circuit Designing process is make a circuit

diagram that can be use in the next process. Among steps in the

circuit diagram are:-

i. Before the circuit is produced, the things that we need to be

emphasized are the position of symbols and components used in

the Schematic circuit. Once we know the entire production circuit,

the circuit can be drawn using special software, namely Proteus

ISIS Professional.

ii. Then, make sure that the connection of the component is correct.

Figure 3.4.2: circuit Diagram

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3.5 Etching

Etching is a "subtractive" method used for the production of printed

circuit boards. Acid is used to remove unwanted copper from a

prefabricated laminate. This is done by applying a temporary mask that

protects parts of the laminate from the acid and leaves the desired copper

layer untouched. Etching is where the excess copper is removed to leave

the individual tracks or traces as they are sometimes called.   Buckets,

bubble tanks, and spray machines lots of different ways to etch, but most

firms currently use high pressure conveyerised spray equipment. Many

different chemical solutions can be used to etch circuit boards. Ranging

from slow controlled speed etches used for surface preparation to the

faster etches used for etching the tracks. Some are best used in horizontal

spray process equipment while others are best used in tanks.

3.5.1 Risk Of Etching

i. There is a risk of injuries due to the chemicals involved.

ii. The quality of the results depends on several factors which you

won't be able to master completely the first time. This can be

somewhat compensated by using good machinery. 

iii. There is the problem of waste disposal. Toxic chemicals

require a proper disposal service.

Project 1 Green Life Charge

3.5.2 Safety

Since the work involves dangerous chemicals and power tools, we

will need to take the necessary safety precautions:

i. Wear safety equipment during the whole process - gloves,

protection glasses, and an apron

ii. Work near an emergency eyewash station, a first aid box and a

phone

iii. Familiarize yourself with the proper use of all equipment and

tools in the lab - if you are unsure of anything, ask a supervisor

of the project.

3.5.3 Etching Process

Etching is the process of using acid to remove coppers that not need

on the PCB (PRITED CIRCUIT BOARD). This acid is Acid Ferric

Chloride III. Acid Ferric Chloride III is used to remove that coppers

The steps of the etching process are:

i. Print the schematic onto transparent paper and cut it with the

same size of PCB board.

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Figure 3.4 Transparent Paper That Have Cut

ii. Stick the schematic diagram on PCB board.

iii. Paste the etching circuit onto transparent paper with UV

Board using expose machine. It’s to make PCB paper joined

with board.

iv. This process takes about 30 second.

Figure 3.5. UV Expose Process

v. Dilute the acid with a little hot water and make sure that the

mixture is not too liquid and too concentrated.

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vi. Then, put the board into the mixed (Acid Ferric Chloride III

+ Hot water) to remove the useless copper.

Figure 3.6: Process To Remove Unused Chopper

vii. When PCB was soaked into this mix, we must always shake

the container with the acid so that the unwanted copper will

remove.

viii. After Acid remove unused copper, take the PCB to wash

with clean water.

ix. Then, use sand paper to rub the lines colors. In addition,

detergent powder can also be used to remove the ink. Next,

just leave only the desired circuit PCB only.

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3.6 Drilling Process

3.6.1 Material and Equipments :

Bench clamp or support

Dot punch or sharp tool

Drilling machine or hand drill

1mm bits

3.6.2 Introduction of Drilling Process

After the etching process finished, the PCB will be punched using

hand drilling machine. Hole is necessary to mount component

(example: resistor, capacitor, inductor, tip 122, crystal, PIC base and

etc). Before drilling, a dot punch is used to mark the hole position.

This serves as a shallow guide for the drill bit to align easily while

drilling. Any other sharp pointed tool can be use to do the marking.

Points/eye drill used must be appropriate to the hole to be punched

between 0.75 to 1.0 mm.

The purpose of this process is to facilitate the installation work on

the circuit components of the PCB. During drilling, do not be

pressed too strong because it may cause eye drill broken up and

dangerous for the people around. Hold the drill steady and drill in

straight slowly. The hole will be drilled with little force applied.

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3.7 Insert the Component

Foot of component was inserted into the drilled hole that has been

completed. It is easier if started with the low component first.

Components that are installed must be inspected prior to use multimeter to

find out whether these components are in good condition or not. This

process is quite important because we should insert the component

correctly to avoid from circuit failure. Besides, some components have

their own pole like diode, capacitor and other else. After finished the

inserting process, we check it once again with the schematic to make sure

all the component were at the position or holes.

3.8 Soldering Process

Soldering is defined as "the joining of metals by a fusion of alloys

which have relatively low melting points". In other words, we use a metal

that has a low melting point to adhere the surfaces to be solderedtogether.

Soldering is more like gluing with molten metal than anything else.

Soldering is also a must have skill for all sorts of electrical and electronics

work. It is also a skill that must be taught correctly and developed with

practice.

Steps to Solder :

i. Quickly remove the tip of the soldering iron from Heat up the

soldering iron for five to 10 minutes, allowing the iron to reach

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maximum operating temperature. If the soldering iron has two

temperature settings selectable with a switch, select lower

temperature when soldering small electronic components to a board

and select the higher temperature when soldering heavier wires.

Apply a small amount of solder to the tip and rotate so the entire tip

becomes lightly covered with a thin layer of solder. This is called

"tinning" the tip.

ii. Connect the two surfaces to be soldered together so the metal parts

are touching. If soldering wires, simply twist the two wire ends

together so they don't pull apart while being soldered. If soldering

electronic components, simply seat the component wires into the

holes of the circuit board where the component is to be placed.

iii. Touch the hot tip of the soldering iron to all metal parts touching

together so they are evenly heated. Allow the surface to heat for just

three to five seconds, then touch the tip of the solder to the heated

metal objects, not directly to the tip of the soldering iron. Allow a

small amount of solder to flow onto the metal components or wires

until just enough solder has been applied to cover the entire surface

of the wires or components.

iv. the soldered surface and wipe the tip of the iron on a wet sponge

immediately to remove solder. Wiping the solder off the tip will

prevent it from burning and forming a black coat on the soldering

iron tip.

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v. Allow the solder joint to cool for several minutes before applying

power to the wires or the device soldered.

3.9 Circuit Testing

For testing and improvement process, we took almost four weeks to make

it work. In the calendar project activities, we were given four weeks to

settle all the testing and improvement process. The purpose of testing the

electric was to determined and located any of the following conditions :

1) An open circuit

2) A short circuit with another conductor in the same circuit.

3) A ground, which is a short circuit between the conductor and

circuit.

4) Leakage ( a high resistance path across a portion of the circuit,

to another circuit, or to ground ).

5) A cross ( a short circuit or leakage between conductors of

different circuit )

As a first step, we have done the short circuit testing using an analog

multimeter. Before used the multimeter, we set up the multimeter to zero.

To pointer the meter exactly on the zero line, we rotate the adjusting screw,

Then we connect the multimeter probes to the circuit being tested. After

that, we observed the meter needle movement. Luckily the needle does not

move, this means circuit was not short.

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Then we move on the second step, which is testing an open circuit. Open

circuit test, sometimes called no – load test, is one of the method in

electrical engineering order to determine a break exists in a complete

conducting pathway. Open circuit can cause by excessive current. Again,

multimeter was used to check

whether the circuits are open or in normal condition. We only gave the

required current to the circuit, so we did not face an open circuit problem.

This mean our circuits were in normal condition.

3.10 Troubleshooting

The most problem like the fault soldering. Check all the soldering joint

suspicious. If you discover the short track or the short soldering joint, re-

solder at that point and check other the soldering joint. Check the position

of all component on the PCB. See that there are no components missing or

inserted in the wrong places. Make sure that all the polarised components

have been soldered the right way round.

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3.11 Project Designation

3.11.1 Research and Analysis Project

Research is important to ensure the project that is yet to progress

can have a good start so that it would not cost any problem during

the project development. So, the vital information such as the

circuit, the component usage ,the commercial needs and much are

indeed important . It is as the circuit, ensure the can understand

more on how important is the project. The source can be obtained

from lectures, books and also internet.

3.11.2 The Project Reformation

We must read and understand all data that we have. Data and

information have to be compiled and all information we had got had

to be arranged systematically for progress. From time all

information and data must to upgrade for information and follow

the project’s progression.

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3.11.3 Session Discussion and Problem Settle

Discussion session were held every week to discuss the project

development. All the problem are discussed so that it can be solved

quickly. Problem that can’t be handled were too addressed quickly

to the project supervisor. To make the project difficult everything

that is going to be done must be planned properly (proper planning).

This can ensure the project flow is smooth without any

interruptions.

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REFERENCE. . . . .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor

http://sfprime.net/pcb-etching/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_fan

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Attachment. . . . .