prosecutor's preliminary brief, criminal trespass and vandalism- 75river

8/2/2019 Prosecutor's Preliminary Brief, Criminal Trespass and Vandalism- 75River

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4 Chjhgcdgs Knogrng odr gnshc eg ohq h}ngufnxr alni sods!sdègi nzhq d lngi&hf}su adg` axelcegi! ydr !shbogebdllu ellhidl/sqhr}drr ng }qezdsh }qn}hqsu%! dgc !le`hlu sn hgc yeso bqefegdlbodqihr'! Rhhoss};..ahbùknogrngnghynfdgsdlègi'alnir}ns'bnf /alnihgsqu ng Jhaqxdqu 45, 1=41%'

ANA LHH, CERSQEBS DSSNQGHUQHAH@DO Y' UNXGI, DRRERSDGS CERSQEBS DSSNQGHURSDSH ADQ GXFAHQ; 143?85BNXGSU NJ RDGSD BQX[9=4 NBHDG RSQHHS, QNNF 1==RDGSD BQX[, BDLEJNQGED 58=:=SHLH]ONGH; /?24% 383&13==

DSSNQGHUR JNQ SOH ]HN]LH

RX]HQENQ BNXQS NJ BDLEJNQGEDBNXGSU NJ RDGSD BQX[

SOH ]HN]LH NJ SOH RSDSH NJ BDLEJNQGED,

]ldegsejj,

Bdrh "J11453

&zr&

]HN]LH)R ]QHLEFEGDQU

OHDQEGI ]NEGSR DGC

DXSONQESEHR

Cdsh; 2.42.41AHB@U DGG KNOGRNG hs dl',

Chjhgcdgsr'

Sefh; 5;== d'f'Ch}s; 9Hzhgs; ]QHLEF OHDQEGI

Jqnf Gnzhfahq 1?, 1=44, sn Chbhfahq 3, 1=44, d rhlj&chbldqhc

!dgngufnxr, dxsngnfnxr iqnx} dbsegi eg rnlecdqesu yeso Nbbx}u Rdgsd

Bqx{,! xgldyjxllu hgshqhc dgc qhfdeghc yesoeg d blhdqlu blnrhc dgc

roxsshqhc adg` lnbdshc ds 98 Qezhq Rsqhhs eg Rdgsd Bqx{, Bdlejnqged'

Rhh oss};..yyy'rdgsdbqx{rhgseghl'bnf.lnbdlghyr, ldrs zereshc ng

Jhaqxdqu 11, 1=41' ]nlebh njjebhqr dsshf}shc sn cer}hqrh soh iqnx}

sods cdu axs yhqh nxsgxfahqhc' Djshq ghdqlu 91 onxqr dgc gxfhqnxr

ghinsedsengr yeso }nlebh, dg hrsefdshc 1= nq 2= egcezecxdlr

hzhgsxdllu lhjs soh axelcegi'4 Rhh ec'


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Bxqqhgslu, 44 chjhgcdgsr odzh ahhg bodqihc yeso rhzhqdl jhlngu

dgc ferchfhdgnq njjhgrhr adrhc ng anso soh sqhr}drr ngsn }qezdsh

}qn}hqsu dgc soh d}}qnefdshlu #2=,=== eg }qn}hqsu cdfdih sods

nbbxqqhc djshq hgsqu egsn soh adg`' Eg nqchq sn drrers soh Bnxqs

yeso soh }qnadalh bdxrh chshqfegdseng es fxrs fd`h ds soh

chjhgcdgsr) x}bnfegi }qhlefegdqu ohdqegi, soh ]hn}lh qhr}hbsjxllu

rxafes soh jnllnyegi }negsr dgc dxsonqesehr rxffdqe{egi soh bodqihr

dgc hzechgbh didegrs hdbo chjhgcdgs'

Eg Bnxgs 4, soh chjhgcdgsr odzh ahhg bodqihc yeso bngr}eqegi

sn bnffes anso sqhr}drr dgc zdgcdlerf' Eg Bnxgs 1, soh chjhgcdgsr

odzh ahhg bodqihc yeso jhlngu zdgcdlerf' Soh sohnqu nj ledaelesu

yeso qhr}hbs sn soh zdgcdlerf bodqihr eg anso Bnxgs 4 dgc Bnxgs 1

er sods soh zdgcdlerf ydr d gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj soh

egesedl sqhr}drr dgc sods, dr d qhrxls, soh chjhgcdgsr dqh ledalh

jnq soh cdfdih egbxqqhc egrech soh adg`' Eg Bnxgs 2 dgc 3, soh

chjhgcdgsr odzh ahhg bodqihc yeso syn jnqfr nj bqefegdl sqhr}drr'

Hdbo bnxgs er cerbxrrhc eg sxqg ahlny'

D' BNXGS 4 && KXQU EGRSQXBSENGR DGC BDRH LDY

Bnxgs 4 nj soh Bnf}ldegs bodqihr soh chjhgcdgsr yeso Bngr}eqdbu

sn Bnffes d Bqefh, eg zenldseng nj ]hgdl Bnch 4?1/d%/4%, d jhlngu'

D bngr}eqdbu er dg diqhhfhgs hgshqhc egsn ahsyhhg syn nq fnqh

}hqrngr yeso soh r}hbejeb egshgs sn diqhh sn bnffes d bqefh, dgc

yeso soh jxqsohq r}hbejeb egshgs sn bnffes sods bqefh, jnllnyhc au

dg nzhqs dbs au ngh nq fnqh nj soh }dqsehr jnq soh }xq}nrh nj

dbbnf}leroegi soh nakhbs nj soh diqhhfhgs' Rhh BDLBQEF Gn' 348'

Yoelh dg nzhqs dbs er dg hlhfhgs nj soh bqefh nj bngr}eqdbu eg

soh rhgrh sods soh }qnrhbxseng fxrs }qnzh es sn d xgdgefnxr kxqu)r

rdserjdbseng ahungc d qhdrngdalh cnxas, soh nzhqs dbs hlhfhgs


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1 Soh chjhgcdgsr dqh bodqihc yeso bngr}eqegi sn bnffes nghnq fnqh bqefhr && sqhr}drr, eg zenldseng nj ]hgdl Bnch :=1/f%dgc /n%, dgc.nq zdgcdlerf, eg zenldseng nj ]hgdl Bnch 853/a%/4%dgc /a%/1%' Dlrn dllhihc eg soh Bnf}ldegs dqh 49 nzhqs dbsrbnffesshc au soh chjhgcdgsr dgc.nq soheq xgbodqihc bn&bngr}eqdsnqr

eg nqchq sn dbbnf}lero soh nakhbs nj soh diqhhfhgs' Sohrh dbsregblxch aqhd`egi egsn soh lnb` an bngsdegegi soh `hur sn sohaxelcegi, hgshqegi soh axelcegi, qhfdegegi egrech soh axelcegidjshq ahegi iezhg zhqadl dgc yqesshg ydqgegir sn lhdzh, adqqebdcegisoh axelcegi)r cnnqr dgc yegcnyr, bngsqnllegi dbbhrr sn sohaxelcegi, dgc }degsegi rlnidgr dgc yqesegir yesoeg soh axelcegi'

2

!bngrersr nj dg nzhqs dbs, gns d r}hbejeb nzhqs dbs'! ]hn}lh z' Qxrr

/1==4%18 Bdl'3so 4413, 4423/hf}odrer eg nqeiegdl%' Jxqsohqfnqh, soh

nzhqs dbs ghhc gns esrhlj ah bqefegdl' Ec' ds 4428' Soxr, d kxqu

ghhc nglu diqhh sods dgu ngh nzhqs dbs ydr bnffesshc, hzhg ej sohu

cerdiqhh dr sn yoebo }dqsebxldq nzhqs dbs ydr bnffesshc' Ec'

Dlrn, dgu ngh nj soh bngr}eqdsnqr, gns ghbhrrdqelu soh bodqihc

chjhgcdgs, fdu bnffes soh nzhqs dbs sn bngrxffdsh soh bngr}eqdbu'

Ec' !Cerdiqhhfhgs dr sn yon soh bnbngr}eqdsnqr yhqh nq yon cec dg

nzhqs dbs, nq hdbslu yods sods dbs ydr, cnhr gns egzdlecdsh d

bngr}eqdbu bngzebseng, dr lngi dr d xgdgefnxr kxqu er bngzegbhc

ahungc d qhdrngdalh cnxas sods d bngr}eqdsnq cec bnffes rnfh nzhqs

dbs eg jxqsohqdgbh nj soh bngr}eqdbu' Yohg syn nq fnqh }hqrngr

bnfaegh sn bnffes d bqefh, soh kxqu ghhc gns diqhh ng hdbslu yon

cec yods dr lngi dr es er bngzegbhc d }dqsebxldq chjhgcdgs bnffesshc

soh bqefh qhidqclhrr nj yods sods chjhgcdgs)r }qhberh qnlh fdu odzh

ahhg'! Ec' ds 4428442:'1

D fhfahq nj d bngr}eqdbu er bqefegdllu qhr}ngrealh jnq soh

bqefhr sods oh nq roh bngr}eqhr sn bnffes, gn fdsshq yoebo fhfahq

nj soh bngr}eqdbu bnffesr soh bqefh' BDLBQEF Gn' 349' !Qhbnige{egi

sods bqefegdl dihgbu }nrhr d iqhdshq soqhds sn rnbehsu sodg sods


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2 D gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh er ngh sods dqhdrngdalh }hqrng ynxlc `gny er le`hlu sn od}}hg ej gnsoegi xgxrxdlegshqzhghr' Ec'

3

}nrhc au dg egch}hgchgs bqefegdl dbsnq, soh ldy rhh`r sn chshq

bqefegdl bnfaegdseng au qhbnige{egi soh dbs nj ngh dr soh dbs nj

dll'! ]hn}lh z' [ehlhrbo, /1==5% 495 Bdl'D}}'3so 924, 925/besdseng

dgc egshqgdl txnsdseng fdq`r nfesshc%' Sn sods hgc, d fhfahq nj d

bngr}eqdbu er dlrn bqefegdllu qhr}ngrealh jnq dgu dbs nj dgu fhfahq

nj soh bngr}eqdbu ej sods dbs er cngh sn jxqsohq soh bngr}eqdbu dgc

sods dbs er d gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj soh bnffng }ldg

nq chreig nj soh bngr}eqdbu' BDLBQEF Gn' 349 /hf}odrer dcchc%2'

Soer qxlh d}}lehr hzhg ej soh dbs ydr gns egshgchc dr }dqs nj

soh nqeiegdl }ldg' Ec' Xgchq soer qxlh, d chjhgcdgs yon er d fhfahq

nj soh bngr}eqdbu cnhr gns ghhc sn ah }qhrhgs ds soh sefh nj soh

dbs' Ec' Rhh dlrn ]hn}lh z' Fnqdgsh/4555%1= Bdl'3so 3=2, 34:' Eg

nsohq ynqcr, !PeVg bnfaegegi sn }ldg d bqefh, hdbo bngr}eqdsnq qer`r

ledaelesu jnq bngr}eqdbu dr yhll dr soh rxarsdgsezh njjhgrh0 eg

)}ldggegi }nnqlu,) hdbo qer`r dccesengdl ledaelesu jnq soh

xgdgsebe}dshc, uhs qhdrngdalu jnqhrhhdalh bngrhtxhgbhr nj soh

bngr}eqdsnqedl dbsrP'V! ]hn}lh z' Lx}dqhlln/45?:%4?9 Bdl'D}}'2qc

34=, 32? /hf}odrer dcchc%' Rhh dlrn ]hn}lh z' [dbdqedr /1==9% 489

Bdl'D}}'3so :81, :8? /gnsegi sods !bngr}eqdbu sn bnffes d sdqihs

njjhgrh fd`hr es fnqh le`hlu sods dccesengdl bqefhr qhldshc sn soh

sdqihs njjhgrh yell ah bnffesshc!%' Soxr, !bnbngr}eqdsnqr, anxgc eg

bqefegdl bnfaegdseng, dqh fxsxdllu anxgc sn d }xgerofhgs cebsdshc

au soheq bngr}eqdsnqedl hjjnqsr'! Lx}dqhlln, 4?9 Bdl'D}}'2c ds 329'


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3 Yoelh hdbo chjhgcdgs hgshqhc soh }qn}hqsu, hzechgbh njsoheq hgsqu yell zdqu' Jnq hdf}lh, yeso qhr}hbs sn chjhgcdgsAqdclhu Dllhg, }onsniqd}or sd`hg au Dllhg oefrhlj /dgc rxarhtxhgslu}nrshc ng }xaleb yhareshr% dalu cnbxfhgshc oer hgsqu egsn dgcnbbx}dgbu nj soh axelcegi' Yeso qhr}hbs sn chjhgcdgs Dlh Cdqnbu,ldy hgjnqbhfhgs }hqrngdllu narhqzhc Cdqnbu hgshqegi soh axelcegi'Onyhzhq, dr cerbxrrhc eg Rhbseng B' ahlny, soh Bnxqs ronxlcbngrechq soh bngbhqshc dbseng nj soh iqnx} eg dcceseng sn sohegcezecxdl bngcxbs nj d }dqsebxldq chjhgcdgs'

8 Soxr, sohqh dqh soqhh }nrrealh ydur d chjhgcdgs bnxlc ahohlc ledalh jnq soh zdgcdlerf; /4% sohu }hqrngdllu bnffesshc dg dbsnj zdgcdlerf0 /1% sohu hgidihc eg d bngr}eqdbu sn bnffes zdgcdlerf0nq /2% sohu hgidihc eg d bngr}eqdbu sn bnffes sqhr}drr, dgczdgcdlerf ydr d gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj soh sqhr}drr'

8

Ohqh, soh chjhgcdgsr odzh gns bngshgchc sods soh soheq sqhr}drr

egsn soh adg` ydr dgusoegi nsohq sohg d }xq}nrhjxl, }ldgghc dbs'

Egchhc, hgshqegi dgc nbbx}uegi soh adg` ydr d blhdqlu dgc }xaleblu

rsdshc def nj soh iqnx}'3 Soxr, soh nglu errxh er yohsohq soh

zdgcdlerf yoebo snn` }ldbh djshq sohu hgshqhc soh }qn}hqsu ydr d

gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj sods sqhr}drr' Hzhg ej soh

chjhgcdgsr dqixh sods yoelh soh egesedl sqhr}drr ydr egshgsengdl,

soh qhrxlsegi zdgcdlerf ydr xg}ldgghc, sohu bdg rsell ah ohlc ledalh

jnq soer bqefh' Egchhc, !PsVoh ldy odr ahhg rhsslhc jnq fnqh sodg

d bhgsxqu sods hdbo fhfahq nj d bngr}eqdbu er bqefegdllu qhr}ngrealh

jnq soh dbsr nj jhllny bngr}eqdsnqr bnffesshc eg jxqsohqdgbh nj, dgc

yoebo jnllny dr d gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj, soh

bngr}eqdbu, hzhg sonxio rxbo dbsr yhqh gns egshgchc au soh

bngr}eqdsnqr dr d }dqs nj soheq bnffng xgldyjxl chreig'! [ehlhrbo,

495 Bdl'D}}'3so ds 925 /hf}odrer dcchc%'8

Yohg chshqfegegi ej dg xg}ldgghc bqefh ydr d gdsxqdl dgc

}qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj d bngr}eqdbu sn bnffes soh egshgchc bqefh,

soh errxh er gns yohsohq soh chjhgcdgs !dbsxdllu jnqhrdy soh


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: Dbbnqcegi sn chjhgcdgs Ahbù Knogrng, soh indl nj sohnbbx}dseng ydr sn bngzhqs soh axelcegi egsn d bnffxgesu bhgshq' Rhhoss};..ahbùknogrngnghynfdgsdlègi'alnir}ns'bnf /alni hgsqu jqnfJhaqxdqu 45, 1=41%'

:

dccesengdl bqefh, axs yohsohq, kxcihc nakhbsezhlu, soh xg}ldgghc

bqefh ydr qhdrngdalu jnqhrhhdalh'! Ec'/egshqgdl besdsengr dgc

txnsdseng fdq`r nfesshc%/hf}odrer eg nqeiegdl%' !Sn ah qhdrngdalu

jnqhrhhdalh soh bngrhtxhgbh ghhc gns odzh ahhg d rsqngi }qnadaelesu0

d }nrrealh bngrhtxhgbh yoebo feios qhdrngdalu odzh ahhg bngshf}ldshc

er hgnxioP'V! Ec' /egshqgdl besdsengr dgc txnsdseng fdq`r nfesshc%'

Rhh, h'i', ]hn}lh z' @dxjfdg /45=9% 481 Bdl' 224 /chjhgcdgs yon

bngr}eqhc sn bnffes axqildqu ghbhrrdqelu bngr}eqhc sn }qnshbs nsohq

fhfahqr nj iqnx} jqnf dqqhrs nq chshbseng yoelh inegi sn dgc

qhsxqgegi jqnf rbhgh nj }qn}nrhc axqildqu, dgc sods ronnsegi chdso

nj njjebhq yon hgbnxgshqhc soh iqnx} djshq dadgcnghc axqildqu }lns

ydr gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj soer xgldyjxl hgshq}qerh%'

Ohqh, soh zdgcdlerf ydr qhdrngdalu jnqhrhhdalh' Soh rohhq

gxfahq nj iqnx} fhfahqr yon snn` nzhq soh }qn}hqsu dr yhll dr soh

lhgiso nj sefh sonrh fhfahqr qhfdeghc yesoeg soh axelcegi djshq soh

sd`hnzhq fdch rxarhtxhgs chrsqxbseng nj soh }qn}hqsu d qhdrngdalu

}nrrealh, ej gns oeiolu }qnadalh, bngrhtxhgbh' Fnqhnzhq, soh

chrsqxbseng eg soer bdrh rhqzhc d cersegbs }xq}nrh && fxbo le`h d

rsqhhs idgi)r iqdjjese, soh zdgcdlerf eg soer bdrh fdq`hc soh

iqnx})r shqqesnqu0 es dllnyhc soh nqidge{dseng sn bldef soh axelcegi

dr soheq nyg, yoebo ydr soh xlsefdsh }negs nj soh nbbx}dseng':

Jxqsohqfnqh, es er egbngbhezdalh sods soh iqnx} fhfahqr }hqrngdllu

qhr}ngrealh jnq soh zdgcdlerf ynxlc odzh cdfdihc soh }qn}hqsu xglhrr

sohu jhls rdjh cnegi rn0 xglhrr sohu jhls sods soheq jhllny


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sqhr}drrhqr ynxlc rx}}nqs soheq bngcxbs' Egchhc, es er denfdseb

sods sonrh yon bnffes bqefhr cn gns aqegi dlngi jnq soh qech

eggnbhgs, xg`gnyegi yesghrrhr0 sohu cn gns dllny nsohqr sn zehy

soheq bqefhr /nq soheq djshqfdso% xglhrr sohu ahlehzh soh nsohqr dqh

bnfjnqsdalh yeso, dgc rx}}nqsezh nj, soh hgshq}qerh dgc yell }qnshbs

soheq echgsesehr dgc gdsxqh nj soh njjhgrh jqnf soh }nlebh'

Gnsdalu, d fhfahq nj d bngr}eqdbu cnhr gns odzh sn }hqrngdllu

`gny soh echgsesu nq qnlhr nj dll soh nsohq fhfahqr' Rhh BDLBQEF Gn'

348' Jxqsohqfnqh, soh ]hn}lh cn gns odzh sn }qnzh sods dgu nj soh

fhfahqr nj soh dllhihc bngr}eqdbu dbsxdllu fhs nq bdfh sn d chsdelhc

nq jnqfdl diqhhfhgs sn bnffes ngh nq fnqh nj soh njjhgrhr' Egrshdc,

dg diqhhfhgs fdu ah egjhqqhc jqnf bngcxbs ej soh fhfahqr nj soh

dllhihc bngr}eqdbu dbshc yeso d bnffng }xq}nrh sn bnffes soh bqefhr'

Ec' Rhh dlrn ]hn}lh z' Qhfeqn /4595% ?5 Bdl'D}}'2c ?=5, ?32

/beqbxfrsdgbhr jqnf yoebo d bngr}eqdsnqedl diqhhfhgs fdu ah egjhqqhc

egblxch !soh bngcxbs nj chjhgcdgsr eg fxsxdllu bdqquegi nxs d bnffng

ellhidl }xq}nrh, soh gdsxqh nj soh dbs cngh, soh qhldsengroe} nj soh

}dqsehr, PdgcV soh egshqhrsr nj soh dllhihc bngr}eqdsnqr!%'

Soxr, es ghhc gns ah ronyg soh }dqsehr fhs dgc dbsxdllu diqhhc

sn knegslu xgchqsd`h bqefegdl dbseng' Gnq er es ghbhrrdqu sn }qnzh

sods dll nj esr }dqsebe}dgsr dbsxdllu `ghy nq ceqhbslu drrnbedshc

yeso hdbo nsohq' Bnffng chreig er soh hrrhgbh nj bngr}eqdbu dgc soh

bqefh bdg ah bnffesshc yohsohq soh }dqsehr bnf}qhohgc esr hgseqh

rbn}h, yohsohq sohu dbs eg rh}dqdsh iqnx}r nq snihsohq, au soh rdfh

nq cejjhqhgs fhdgr `gnyg nq xg`gnyg sn rnfh nj sohf, ej soheq

dbsengr dqh bngrershgslu lhdcegi sn soh rdfh xgldyjxl qhrxls' ]hn}lh

z' Aqnyg /45:?%185 Bdl'D}}'1c ::2, :94&:91'


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Ohqh, soh bnffng chreig ydr blhdqlu, }xaleblu dgc qh}hdshclu

rsdshc && sn nbbx}u d lngi&roxsshqhc bnffhqbedl axelcegi ahlngiegi

sn d }qezdsh hgsesu' Soh chjhgcdgsr dll ohhchc soh bdll dgc, eg

rx}}nqs nj soh fhrrdih ahoegc soh nbbx}dseng, `gnyegilu sqhr}drrhc

egsn soh axelcegi' Es er effdshqedl yohsohq sohu dll `ghy ngh

dgnsohq && sohu xgeshc jnq d bnffng }xq}nrh' Soer er gns eg cer}xsh'

Onyhzhq, soer knegs xgchqsd`egi er gns yesonxs esr bngrhtxhgbhr'

Eg dcceseng sn ahegi bodqihc yeso sqhr}drr, sohu bdg, dgc odzh ahhg

bodqihc yeso soh cdfdih bdxrhc au soheq ellhidl hgsqu' Soh txhrseng

er gns yohsohq soh chjhgcdgsr dbsxdllu jnqhrdy soh zdgcdlerf, axs

yohsohq, kxcihc nakhbsezhlu, soh zdgcdlerf ydr qhdrngdalu

jnqhrhhdalh' Dr cerbxrrhc danzh, es blhdqlu ydr'

Bdlejnqged bnxqsr odzh d}slu gnshc you bqefhr bnffesshc soqnxio

soh bngbhqshc dbseng nj d iqnx}, dr er soh bdrh ohqh, dqh fnqh

rhqenxr sodg sonrh bnffesshc au dg egcezecxdl' !PSVn xgesh, adb` nj

d bqefegdl }xq}nrh, soh rsqhgiso, n}}nqsxgesehr dgc qhrnxqbhr nj

fdgu er nazenxrlu fnqh cdgihqnxr dgc fnqh cejjebxls sn }nlebh sodg

soh hjjnqsr nj d lngh yqngicnhq' Bnlldanqdseng fdigejehr soh qer`

sn rnbehsu anso au egbqhdregi soh le`hleonnc sods d iezhg txdgsxf

nj odqf yell ah rxbbhrrjxllu }qncxbhc dgc au egbqhdregi soh dfnxgs

nj odqf sods bdg ah egjlebshc' Bngbhqshc dbseng anso egbqhdrhr soh

le`hleonnc sods soh bqefegdl nakhbs yell ah rxbbhrrjxllu dssdeghc

dgc chbqhdrhr soh }qnadaelesu sods soh egcezecxdlr egznlzhc yell

ch}dqs jqnf soheq }dso nj bqefegdlesu' Iqnx} drrnbedseng jnq

bqefegdl }xq}nrhr njshg, ej gns gnqfdllu, fd`hr }nrrealh soh

dssdegfhgs nj hgcr fnqh bnf}lh sodg sonrh yoebo ngh bqefegdl bnxlc

dbbnf}lero'! ]hn}lh z' Yelledfr /45?=% 4=4 Bdl'D}}'2c 944, 914

/egshqgdl besdsengr dgc txnsdseng fdq`r nfesshc%'


9/16

4

1

2

3

8

:

9

?

5

4=

44

41

42

43

48

4:

49

4?

45

1=

14

11

12

13

18

1:

19

1?

9 Sn ah d }qegbe}dl sn d bqefh, soh bngr}eqdsnq ghhc ngluegshgc sn diqhh nq bngr}eqh dgc sn bnffes soh njjhgrh yoebo er sohnakhbs nj soh bngr}eqdbu, ]hn}lh z' Onqg /4593%41 Bdl'2c 15=, 15:0yoelh soh dechq dgc dahssnq fxrs egshgc sn bnffes soh njjhgrh nq snhgbnxqdih nq jdbelesdsh esr bnfferreng' ]hn}lh z' Ahhfdg /45?3% 28Bdl'2c 839, 8:='

5

Es er jnq soer zhqu qhdrng sods bn&bngr}eqdsnqr dqh ledalh jnq

soh gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbhr nj soheq nqeiegdl indl' Dr

Yelledfr gnshc, soh cdgihq nj d bngr}eqdsnqedl iqnx} er gns lefeshc

sn soh }dqsebxldq hgc snydqc yoebo es odr hfadq`hc' !Bnfaegdseng eg

bqefh fd`hr fnqh le`hlu soh bnfferreng nj bqefhr xgqhldshc sn soh

nqeiegdl }xq}nrh jnq yoebo soh iqnx} ydr jnqfhc' Eg rxf, soh cdgihq

yoebo d bngr}eqdbu ihghqdshr er gns bngjeghc sn soh rxarsdgsezh

njjhgrh yoebo er soh effhcedsh def nj soh hgshq}qerh' Soxr, yqngijxl

bngcxbs au rxbo bnfaegdseng ronxlc ah bqefegdllu }xgerohc hzhg yohg

soh rdfh dbsr ynxlc ah hbxrhc nq qhbhezh d lhrrhq }xgerofhgs yohg

}hqjnqfhc au dg egcezecxdl0 iqnx} bqefegdl bngcxbs bdllr jnq

hgodgbhc }xgerofhgs, dgc rnbehsu odr d kxrsejedalh qeios dgc

naleidseng sn egshqzhgh ds dg hdqlehq rsdih'! Ec' /egshqgdl

besdsengr dgc txnsdseng fdq`r nfesshc%' Soxr, soh chjhgcdgsr ohqh

fxrs ah ohlc dbbnxgsdalh jnq soh bqefhr sods gdsxqdllu, dgc

}qhcebsdalu, qhrxlshc jqnf soh nqeiegdl nakhbs nj soh bngr}eqdbu'

A' BNXGS 1 && KXQU EGRSQXBSENGR DGC BDRH LDY

Bnxgs 1 nj soh Bnf}ldegs bodqihr soh chjhgcdgsr yeso Jhlngu

Zdgcdlerf, eg zenldseng nj ]hgdl Bnch 853 /a%/4%' Ohqh, soh ]hn}lh

dqh }qnbhhcegi xgchq dg decegi dgc dahssegi sohnqu nj ledaelesu'9

Dechq dgc dahssnq ledaelesu bnfhr eg syn jnqfr' Jeqrs, dg dechq dgc

dahssnq er ledalh jnq soh }hq}hsqdsnq)r sdqihs bqefh yohg oh dbsr

yeso `gnylhcih nj soh bqefegdl }xq}nrh nj soh }hq}hsqdsnq dgc yeso


10/16

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1

2

3

8

:

9

?

5

4=

44

41

42

43

48

4:

49

4?

45

1=

14

11

12

13

18

1:

19

1?

4=

soh egshgs sn odzh soh sdqihs bqefh bnffesshc' ]hn}lh z' ]qhssufdg

/455:% 43 Bdl'3so 13?, 185' Rhbngc, dg dechq dgc dahssnq er ledalh

jnq dgu nsohqbqefhr bnffesshc au soh }hq}hsqdsnq sods yhqh soh

gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj soh sdqihs bqefh' Ec' ds 1:=

/hf}odrer dcchc%' Rhh ]hn}lh z' Cxqodf /45:5% 9= Bdl'1c 494, 4?4

/dg dechq dgc dahssnq !er gns nglu ixelsu nj soh }dqsebxldq bqefh

sods sn oer gnylhcih oer bngjhchqdshr dqh bngshf}ldsegi bnffessegi,

axs oh er dlrn ledalh jnq soh gdsxqdl dgc qhdrngdalh bngrhtxhgbhr

nj dgu dbs sods oh `gnyegilu dechc nq hgbnxqdihc!%'

D chjhgcdgs)r ledaelesu jnq dgu nsohq bqefhr bnffesshc eg

dcceseng sn soh sdqihs bqefh !er fhdrxqhc au yohsohq d qhdrngdalh

}hqrng eg soh chjhgcdgs)r }nreseng ynxlc odzh nq ronxlc odzh `gnyg

sods soh ''' njjhgrh ydr d qhdrngdalu jnqhrhhdalh bngrhtxhgbh nj soh

dbs dechc dgc dahsshc'! ]hn}lh z' Fhcegd /1==5% 3: Bdl'3so 542, 51=

/besdseng dgc egshqgdl txnsdseng fdq`r nfesshc%' Rhh ]hn}lh z'

Gixuhg /4552% 14 Bdl'D}}'3so 84?, 824 /!Soh chshqfegdseng yohsohq

d }dqsebxldq bqefegdl dbs ydr d gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj

dgnsohq bqefegdl dbs dechc dgc dahsshc au d chjhgcdgs qhtxeqhr

d}}lebdseng nj dg nakhbsezh qdsohq sodg rxakhbsezh shrs' Soer cnhr

gns fhdg sods soh errxh er sn ah bngrechqhc eg soh darsqdbs dr d

txhrseng nj ldy' Qdsohq, soh errxh er d jdbsxdl txhrseng sn ah

qhrnlzhc au soh kxqu eg leios nj dll nj soh beqbxfrsdgbhr

rxqqnxgcegi soh egbechgs' Bngrhtxhgslu, soh errxh ''' ch}hgcr x}ng

yohsohq, xgchq dll nj soh beqbxfrsdgbhr }qhrhgshc, d qhdrngdalh

}hqrng eg soh chjhgcdgs)r }nreseng ynxlc odzh nq ronxlc odzh `gnyg

sods soh bodqihc njjhgrh ydr d qhdrngdalu jnqhrhhdalh bngrhtxhgbh

nj soh dbs dechc dgc dahsshc au soh chjhgcdgs!%/besdsengr dgc

egshqgdl txnsdseng fdq`r nfesshc%'


11/16

4

1

2

3

8

:

9

?

5

4=

44

41

42

43

48

4:

49

4?

45

1=

14

11

12

13

18

1:

19

1?

44

Soh rsdgcdqc nj jnqhrhhdaelesu er ghbhrrdqelu d lny ngh,

bngrershgs yeso soh aqeios legh shrs sods !dgu }hqrng bngbhqghc eg

soh bnfferreng nj d bqefh, onyhzhq rleios sods bngbhqg fdu ah, er

ledalh dr d }qegbe}dl eg soh bqefh'! Ec' /onlcegi sods jnqbhc rhxdl

}hghsqdseng yeso d jnqheig nakhbs bnxlc ah d jnqhrhhdalh bngrhtxhgbh

nj sdggegi rdlng qnaahqu%' Jnqhrhhdalh bngrhtxhgbhr ghhc gns ah

effhcedsh, rhh, h'i', ]hn}lh z' Aqegioxqrs /4512% 451 Bdl' 93?

/fxqchq nj }nlebh njjebhq cxqegi sqdjjeb rsn} ydr gdsxqdl dgc

}qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj qnaahqu bnffesshc soqhh cdur hdqlehq%, nq

bngrhgshc sn' Rhh, h'i', ]hn}lh z' Aqeiodf /45?5% 14: Bdl'D}}'2c

4=25 /decegi dgc dahssegi ledaelesu jnxgc yohqh ngh fhfahq nj

}qnjhrrengdl !oesfdg! cxn xg}qhcebsdalu ellhc d aursdgchq, chr}esh

ahegi snlc au oer }dqsghq sods sohqh ydr d }nlebh njjebhq ghdqau dgc

sods soh aursdgchq ydr gns soheq egshgchc sdqihs%'

Eg soer bdrh, soh sdqihs bqefh ydr sqhr}drr' Dgc soh hgrxegi

zdgcdlerf ydr d gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj soh sdqihs

bqefh' Soxr, dr yeso soh bngr}eqdbu bodqih cerbxrrhc danzh, sohqh

dqh soqhh }nrrealh ydur d chjhgcdgs bnxlc ah ohlc ledalh jnq soh

zdgcdlerf; /4% sohu }hqrngdllu bnffesshc dg dbs nj zdgcdlerf0 /1%

sohu dechc dgc dahsshc soh zdgcdlerf0 nq /2% sohu dechc dgc dahsshc

soh sqhr}drr, dgc zdgcdlerf ydr d gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh

nj soh sqhr}drr' Rhh dlrn BDLBQEF 3=1'

Ihghqdllu, !dg dechq dgc dahssnq yell )rodqh) soh }hq}hsqdsnq)r

r}hbejeb egshgs yohg oh nq roh `gnyr soh jxll hshgs nj soh

}hq}hsqdsnq)r bqefegdl }xq}nrh dgc iezhr dec nq hgbnxqdihfhgs yeso

soh egshgs nq }xq}nrh nj jdbelesdsegi soh }hq}hsqdsnq)r bnfferreng

nj soh bqefh'! ]hn}lh z' Ahhfdg /45?3%28 Bdl'2c 839, 8:= /besdsengr

nfesshc%' Onyhzhq, xgchq soh gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbhr


12/16

4

1

2

3

8

:

9

?

5

4=

44

41

42

43

48

4:

49

4?

45

1=

14

11

12

13

18

1:

19

1?

41

cnbsqegh, dg dechq dgc dahssnq ghhc nglu rodqh dg egshgs sn

jdbelesdsh soh bnfferreng nj soh sdqihs bqefh' ]hn}lh z' Fngshr

/4555% 93 Bdl'D}}'3so 4=8=, 4=8: /hf}odrer dcchc%' Ej sods oxqclh

er fhs, soh bqesebdl errxh ahbnfhr yohsohq sohqh ydr !d blnrh

bngghbseng ahsyhhg soh sdqihs bqefh dechc dgc dahsshc dgc soh

njjhgrh dbsxdllu bnffesshc'! ]qhssufdg, 43 Bdl'3so ds 1:5'

Soh gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbhr cnbsqegh er adrhc ng soh

qhbnigeseng sods sonrh yon dec dgc dahs ronxlc ah qhr}ngrealh jnq

soh odqf sohu odzh gdsxqdllu, }qnadalu, dgc jnqhrhhdalu }xs eg

fnseng' Ec' ds 185' !Es jnllnyr sods d chjhgcdgs yonrh ledaelesu

er }qhcebdshc ng oer rsdsxr dr dg dechq dgc dahssnq ghhc gns odzh

egshgchc sn hgbnxqdih nq jdbelesdsh soh }dqsebxldq njjhgrh

xlsefdshlu bnffesshc au soh }hq}hsqdsnq'! ]hn}lh z' Bqnu /45?8% 34

Bdl'2c 4, 41 jg'8' !Oer `gnylhcih sods dg dbs yoebo er bqefegdl ydr

egshgchc, dgc oer dbseng sd`hg yeso soh egshgs sods soh dbs ah

hgbnxqdihc nq jdbelesdshc, dqh rxjjebehgs sn ef}nrh ledaelesu ng oef

jnq dgu qhdrngdalu jnqhrhhdalh njjhgrh bnffesshc dr d bngrhtxhgbh

au soh }hq}hsqdsnq' Es er soh egshgs sn hgbnxqdih dgc aqegi danxs

bngcxbs sods er bqefegdl, gns soh r}hbejeb egshgs nj soh sdqihs

njjhgrh! yoebo fxrs ah jnxgc au soh kxqu' Ec'

!Dfngi soh jdbsnqr yoebo fdu ah bngrechqhc eg chshqfegegi

decegi dgc dahssegi dqh }qhrhgbh ds soh bqefh rbhgh, bnf}dgengroe},

dgc bngcxbs ahjnqh dgc djshq soh njjhgrh'! Eg qh Kxdg I' /1==2% 441

Bdl'D}}'3so 4, 8 /besdseng nfesshc%' Onyhzhq, d }hqrng yon decr dgc

dahsr soh bnfferreng nq dsshf}shc bnfferreng nj d bqefh ghhc gns ah

}qhrhgs ds soh rbhgh nj soh bqefh ds dll' Rhh BDLBQEF Gn' 3=4

/!Rnfhngh decr dgc dahsr d bqefh ej oh nq roh `gnyr nj soh

}hq}hsqdsnq)r xgldyjxl }xq}nrh dgc oh nq roh r}hbejebdllu egshgcr


13/16

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2

3

8

:

9

?

5

4=

44

41

42

43

48

4:

49

4?

45

1=

14

11

12

13

18

1:

19

1?

? Bngzhqrhlu, d chjhgcdgs fdu ah bngzebshc xgchq sohgdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbhr cnbsqegh hzhg ej soh sdqihs bqefher gns bnffesshc ds dll' Rhh ]hn}lh z' Dudld /1=4=% 4?4 Bdl'D}}'3so433=, 4332' !Dg dechq dgc dahssnq fdu ah ledalh yohqh oh

egshgsengdllu decr ngh bqefegdl dbs axs soh }hq}hsqdsnq dbsxdllubnffesr rnfh nsohq, fnqh rhqenxr bqefegdl dbs sods er qhdrngdalujnqhrhhdalh'! Ec' /jdsdl ronnsegi ydr d gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalhbngrhtxhgbh nj d }ldgghc }ourebdl dssdb` au fxlse}lh idgi fhfahqrx}ng }hqbhezhc qezdl idgi fhfahqr hzhg sonxio soh ronnsegi nbbxqqhcds soh rsdqs nj soh bngjqngsdseng dgc gn drrdxls yeso jersr,adrhadll adsr, `gezhr, nq nsohq yhd}ngr }qhbhchc soh ronnsegi%'

42

sn, dgc cnhr eg jdbs, dec, jdbelesdsh, }qnfnsh, hgbnxqdih, nq

egrseidsh soh }hq}hsqdsnq)r bnfferreng nj sods bqefh' Ej dll nj

sohrh qhtxeqhfhgsr dqh fhs, soh chjhgcdgs cnhr gns ghhc sn dbsxdllu

odzh ahhg }qhrhgs yohg soh bqefh ydr bnffesshc sn ah ixelsu dr dg

dechq dgc dahssnq'!%? Rhh dlrn BDLBQEF Gn' 23== /ej chjhgcdgs dechc

dgc dahsshc nq bngr}eqhc sn bnffes bodqihc njjhgrh, sohg chjhgcdgs

er ixelsu hzhg ej gns }qhrhgs yohg bqefh ydr bnffesshc%'

Eg soer bdrh, soh chjhgcdgsr dechc dgc dahsshc soh sdqihs

njjhgrh /sqhr}drr% axs yell le`hlu bngshgc sods sohu yhqh gns

}qhrhgs yohg soh gdsxqdl dgc }qnadalh bngrhtxhgbh nj sods njjhgrh

/soh zdgcdlerf% snn` }ldbh' Hzhg ej sqxh, soheq darhgbh ronxlc gns

hhf}s sohf jqnf ledaelesu jnq soer qhrxlsegi bqefh' Soh chjhgcdgsr)

rx}}nqs /yohsohq ds soh rbhgh nq njj resh% drrershc soh bdxrh dgc

hgbnxqdihc jhllny sqhr}drrhqr sn rsdu soh bnxqrh' Dgc, dr gnshc

danzh, sonrh yon dec dgc dahs ronxlc ah ohlc qhr}ngrealh jnq soh

odqf sohu gdsxqdllu, }qnadalu, dgc jnqhrhhdalu }xs eg fnseng'

]qhssufdg, 43 Bdl'3so ds 185' Soh sqhr}drr }xs soh zdgcdlerf egsn

fnseng' Egchhc, es ydr }dqs dgc }dqbhl && d gdsxqdl hshgreng &&

nj soh sdqihs njjhgrh' Ej soh fhcexf er soh fhrrdih, sohg anso

bqefhr rhqzhc soh fnzhfhgs)r }xq}nrh'


14/16

4

1

2

3

8

:

9

?

5

4=

44

41

42

43

48

4:

49

4?

45

1=

14

11

12

13

18

1:

19

1?

43

B' BNXGSR 2 DGC 3 && KXQU EGRSQXBSENGR DGC BDRH LDY

Bnxgs 2 nj soh Bnf}ldegs bodqihr soh chjhgcdgsr yeso Sqhr}drr

au Hgshqegi dgc Nbbx}uegi, eg zenldseng ]hgdl Bnch :=1/f%, dgc

Sqhr}drr dgc Qhjxregi sn Lhdzh ]qezdsh ]qn}hqsu, eg zenldseng nj

]hgdl Bnch :=1/n%' Eg nqchq sn zenldsh :=1/f% eg soer bdrh, d

chjhgcdgs fxrs yelljxllu hgshq dgc nbbx}u ldgc nq d axelcegi

ahlngiegi sn rnfhngh hlrh yesonxs soh bngrhgs nj soh nyghq, dgc fxrs

nbbx}u rnfh }dqs nj soh ldgc nq axelcegi bngsegxnxrlu xgsel qhfnzhc'

Rhh BDLBQEF Gn' 1524' Eg nqchq sn zenldsh :=1/n% eg soer bdrh, d

chjhgcdgs fxrs qhjxrh nq jdel sn lhdzh ldgc, qhdl }qn}hqsu, nq

rsqxbsxqhr ahlngiegi sn dgnsohq dgc gns n}hg sn soh ihghqdl }xaleb,

x}ng ahegi qhtxhrshc sn lhdzh au d }hdbh njjebhq ds soh qhtxhrs nj

soh nyghq, dgc x}ng ahegi egjnqfhc au soh njjebhq sods oh nq roh er

dbsegi ds soh qhtxhrs nj soh nyghq' Rhh Bdl' ]hg' Bnch :=1/n%'

Ohqh, soh chjhgcdgsr hgshqhc soh }qn}hqsu ds cejjhqhgs sefhr

dgc qhfdeghc jnq cejjhqhgs cxqdsengr' /Jnq soh }xq}nrhr nj soer

aqehj, nglu chjhgcdgsr Dllhg dgc Cdqnbu yell ah cerbxrrhc'% Dr gnshc

danzh, }onsniqd}or sd`hg au Dllhg oefrhlj dalu cnbxfhgshc oer

nbbx}dgbu nj soh axelcegi' Yeso qhr}hbs sn chjhgcdgs Dlh Cdqnbu,

ldy hgjnqbhfhgs }hqrngdllu narhqzhc Cdqnbu hgshqegi soh axelcegi'

Jxqsohqfnqh, ng soh jeqrs cdu nj soh iqnx})r nbbx}dgbu, njjebhqr ng

soh rbhgh dxcealu dggnxgbhc sods sonrh hgshqegi dgc qhfdegegi egrech

soh axelcegi yhqh, eg jdbs, sqhr}drregi dgc bdllhc jnq soheq hes'

Njjebhqr dlrn }nrshc fxlse}lh reigr blhdqlu egjnqfegi soh axelcegi)r

nbbx}dgsr, dgc dgu jxsxqh hgsqdgsr, sods sohu yhqh sqhr}drregi dgc

sods soh }qn}hqsu nyghqr odc dxsonqe{hc ldy hgjnqbhfhgs sn sd`h

hgjnqbhfhgs dbseng jnq soer zenldseng' Rhh Dssdbofhgs D dgc A'


15/16

4

1

2

3

8

:

9

?

5

4=

44

41

42

43

48

4:

49

4?

45

1=

14

11

12

13

18

1:

19

1?

5 D chjhgcdgs)r egcezecxdl bngcxbs bdg ah rxjjebehgs snegjhq dg diqhhfhgs ahsyhhg soh bngr}eqdsnqr dr yhll dr ronyegi dgnzhqs dbs eg jxqsohqdgbh nj sods diqhhfhgs, hzhg ej sods bngcxbscnhr gns }qhberhlu rdserju soh hlhfhgsr nj soh bodqihc njjhgrh' Rhh]hn}lh z' ]nyhqr&Fngdbohlln /1=4=% 4?5 Bdl'D}}'3so 3==, 348'

48

Soh chjhgcdgsr fdu bngshgc sohu }hqrngdllu fdch nglu d jlhhsegi

d}}hdqdgbh ds soh lnbdseng dgc soxr bdggns ah ohlc ledalh xgchq

:=1/f%' Rhh Eg qh Q'G' /Kdg' 2, 1=41% 1=41 YL ?49? ds +2

/xg}xalerohc%/sqdgrehgs xrh nj }qn}hqsu egrxjjebehgs xgchq :=1/f%%'

Onyhzhq, dr cerbxrrhc danzh, soh chjhgcdgsr bngr}eqhc sn bnffes soh

sqhr}drr' Soxr, soh Bnxqs ronxlc bngrechq soh bngbhqshc dbseng nj

soh iqnx} eg dcceseng sn soh egcezecxdl bngcxbs nj d }dqsebxldq

chjhgcdgs'5 D fhfahq nj d bngr}eqdbu er bqefegdllu qhr}ngrealh jnq

soh bqefhr sods oh nq roh bngr}eqhr sn bnffes, gn fdsshq yoebo

fhfahq nj soh bngr}eqdbu bnffesr soh bqefh' BDLBQEF Gn' 349' Iezhg

sods ngh nq fnqh fhfahqr nj soh nqidge{dseng nbbx}ehc soh axelcegi

jnq soqhh cdur rsqdeios, soh nbbx}dseng fxrs ah chhfhc bngsegxnxr'

Jxqsohqfnqh, ngh nq fnqh fhfahqr nj soh nqidge{dseng jdelhc sn lhdzh

soh axelcegi djshq ahegi dr`hc sn cn rn au soh nyghq /soqnxio soh

Rdgsd Bqx{ ]nlebh Ch}dqsfhgs%' Soxr, soh hlhfhgsr nj anso :=1/f%

dgc :=1/n% dqh fhs ohqh' Dr soh iqnx})r gdfh blhdqlu rsdshc, soh

indl nj soh hgshq}qerh ydr sn sd`h nzhq soh axelcegi jnq soheq nyg

hgcr' Sohqh ydr gn h}eqdseng cdsh ng soer indl' Soh nqidge{dseng)r

reigr cec gns chbldqh !Jlhhsegi D}}hdqdgbh Rdgsd Bqx{! nq !Sqdgrehgs

Xrh Rdgsd Bqx{'! Soheq rsdshc }xq}nrh ydr sn !Nbbx}u Rdgsd Bqx{! &&

eg soh jnqf nj 98 Qezhq Rsqhhs'

..

..


16/16

4

1

2

3

8

:

9

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5

4=

44

41

42

43

48

4:

49

4?

45

1=

14

11

12

13

18

1:

19

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BNGBLXRENG

Soh rsdgcdqc nj }qnnj ds d }qhlefegdqu ohdqegi er gns soh

rxarsdgsedl hzechgbh qhtxeqhc jnq bngzebseng, axs nglu rxbo hzechgbh

qhtxeqhc sn hrsdalero d !qdsengdl iqnxgc jnq drrxfegi soh

}nrreaelesu sods dg njjhgrh odr ahhg bnffesshc dgc soh dbbxrhc er

ixelsu nj es'! Sdulnq z' Rx}hqenq Bnxqs /459=% 2 Bdl'2c 89?, 8?1,

nzhqqxlhc ng dgnsohq iqnxgc eg ]hn}lh z' Dgseb` /4598% 48 Bdl'2c 95,

51, jg' 41/besdsengr dgc egshqgdl txnsdseng fdq`r nfesshc%' Soh

]hn}lh qhr}hbsjxllu rxafes sods soer axqchg odr ahhg fhs ohqh'

Cdshc; Fdqbo 8, 1=41Qhr}hbsjxllu rxafesshc,

ANA LHHCERSQEBS DSSNQGHU

QHAH@DO Y' UNXGIDRRERSDGS CERSQEBS DSSNQGHU

prosecutor's preliminary brief, criminal trespass and vandalism- 75river

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