Md Nazmul Alam icddr,bDiploma in Population Sciences 2012University of Dhaka

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

Human population timeline……….Human population timeline……….

The third rock from the sun is inhabited with 7 billion human

March 12, 2012 - United States Census BureauOctober 31, 2011 - UNFPA

7,023,068,926 (United States Census Bureau, updated 29.06.2012 ) http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.htm

World population : are we there yet?World population : are we there yet?

http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html

Population density is 47 / km2 Population distribution by continent:

Asia – 4.2 billion (60% of total population) Africa – near 1 billion(15%) Europe – 733 million (11%) Latin American and Caribbean – 600 million (9%). Northern America – 352 million (5%) Oceania – 35 million inhabitants (0.5%)

Bangladesh: at a glance

Area: 147,570 km2 (56,977 sq mi ) – 94th in the world

Population (2011 estimate)

148,000,000 (Census, 2011) - 8th in the world

158,570,535 (CIA, July 2011 est.)

Density: 964.42/km2 (singapore 7301, Bahrain 1646)S

TFR : 2.3

CPR: 61.3

Sex ratio: 100.3

Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.75 yearsmale: 67.93 yearsfemale: 71.65 years (2011 est.)

The population of Bangladesh was estimated around 14.5 millions in 1801

It took about 100 years to double the size of population in the year 1901

18,055 persons living in 1 sqkm in Dhaka (Khan, 2011)

Population Management

The process and procedures to manage the resources (human and physical) of the people(s) living within a particular geographical area.

Goal:

To help a country achieve a sustainable population level, structure, distribution and quality.

To empower citizens to acquire a better quality of life both within the family and To empower citizens to acquire a better quality of life both within the family and the society

Well managed Population

Development

Proper utilization of resources

Better life with all fundamental

needs fulfilled

Population Management Programme in Philippine

Goal –

achieve a sustainable population level, structure, distribution and quality

empower Filipinos to lead a better quality of life.

Based of four pillars of population policy:

1. Responsible parenthood

2. Respect for life

Birth spacing3. Birth spacing

4. Informed choice

The Philippine Population Management Program Basic Policy was Responsible Parenthood for Sustainable Development

The will and ability to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family and the children

Shared responsibility between men and women in terms of family responsibilities

In Bangladesh four major cities in peril due to burden of urban rural migration. (60% moves in four cities )

City dwellers in need of ;

More schools, more housing• More schools, more housing

• More recreational place

• More spacious roads and public transportation facilities,

• More supply of gas, electricity, pure water

Redistribution of internal migrant population Decentralization of administrative and commercial

organization Alternate lucrative town with all modern facilities create a significant employment and income opportunities

for the disadvantaged people at peripheral towns

Relocation of major industries from the major cities

Modern industries = overcrowding, congestion and pollution Many developed country relocated their industries to

suitably located distant place / peripheral areas. South Korea since 1980 enjoys 20% congestion reduction

Situation assessment: Bangladesh has near about 5000 unit of RMG factories (Dhaka 78%)

employing 3.6 million workers (Berg, Hedrich, Kempf, & Touchtermann, 2011)

Skilled workforce export to loosen up population pressure Bangladesh has earned USD 11 billion in 2010 (IOM, 2011) In 2010, approximately 391,000 migrants went abroad for

overseas employment Currently more than 7 million Bangladeshis living abroad.

People have tendencies – to become attached with his surrounding environment (physical & social) very easily.

Capacitated labor absorbs faster by foreign country Capacitated labor absorbs faster by foreign country For sheer necessity and craving for better living - Many and

their children do not return to their place of origin permanently

With this hypothesis M. A. Mabud ( 2008) projected population size of 218 million (2051) can be reduced to 210

million projected size of 240 million to 220 million in 2101

Prevention early marriage and belated first born

According to UNICEF, 66% marriage take place before 18 years

Average age for marriage of girls in Bangladesh is 16.4 years (UNICEF, 2010)

And became mother of a child before 18 years

If we can push the early marriage after 18 years and the first born will be planned after 2/3 years of marriage than we can easily slow down our planned after 2/3 years of marriage than we can easily slow down our population rate

Srilanka’s average age of marriage 25 (Malhotra A & Tsui, 1996)

The Directorate General of Family Planning of health and family welfare ministry initiated to amend the National Population Policy 2010 to popularize the one-child policy.

Youth and adolescent focused activities

Bangladesh have a young population (35 % population under 15 years)

Must have clear and effective initiatives for the youth ; Ensure access of education to all the youth population Education curriculum must have vocational and technical areas to ensure Education curriculum must have vocational and technical areas to ensure

employment upon completion of study Proper health facilities for the youth population Opportunity for extra-curricular activities and entertainment facilities

A young population implies strength, energy, vigor, pool of work force and a full potential for future leadership.

Early marriage and first pregnancy before 18 years Age at marriage 16.4 years. The young couple has the lower usages of contraceptive uses 52.7 percent (married woman of 15-19 years) 42.1 percent (married woman of 20-24 years) (NIPORT & Mitra and

Associate, 2011).

The high rate of population movement The high rate of population movement

National population growth rate is 1.4 percent per annum, while the

national internal migration rate is 4.5 percent. (professor Nabi, 2011)

For Dhaka, the in-migration rate is about 6.0 percent.

Rural landlessness and subsequent poverty, and

shrinking economic and employment opportunities,

Natural calamities (river erosion, flooding, cyclonic storms and

other natural disasters ) (NIPORT & Mitra and Associate, 2011).

Rapid, unplanned and unevenly growth of cities and urbanization

Since 1961 annual; Rural growth rate is 1.5 percent Urban growth rate is 3.5 percent. Slum growth rate is 7.0 percent (Professor Nabi, 2011).

In 2010, the population of the city of Dhaka has been projected at 17.6 million people (60% lives in slums)

According to Urban Health Survey, the fertility rate in urban slums is 2.46 and 1.85 in non-slum areas (slum dwellers account for 75 per is 2.46 and 1.85 in non-slum areas (slum dwellers account for 75 per cent births in the capital)

Traditional and religious values

One of the primary barriers in population management - social-cultural religious norms - It de-motivate couples using contraceptive,

Many families in agrarian societies in Bangladesh see children as a source of free labor and a hedge against poverty in old age and illness.

Bangladesh should ensure a Population Management Programme that follows below given strategies to fulfill its predefined objectives in accordance with population policy;

Work for universal access (accessibility, availability, and affordability) approved family planning methods and services;

Promotion of male participation/involvement in Responsible Parenting and Promotion of male participation/involvement in Responsible Parenting and Family Planning within the context of gender equality and equity;

Continue to utilize community organization and participatory strategies (community-based volunteers) to sustain/broaden acceptance of family planning as a social norm;

Provide age-appropriate and values-laden human sexuality education for the youth

Intensify/sustain communication, education, and advocacy campaign for population management by broadening alliances and strengthening networks with Program stakeholders; NGOs, business community, academe, media and faith-based organizations, among others;

Conduct scientific population and related researches/studies and Conduct scientific population and related researches/studies and strengthen data & information management for policy, plan, and program development; and

Advocate for increased investment on the population management program by the national government and stakeholders through legislative agenda and budgetary support.