protecting society and helping keep people safe slide 1 innovation knows no rank
TRANSCRIPT
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 1
Innovation Knows No Rank
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 2Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 2
“Through the Looking Glass: Emerging Understandings of Cybercrime in GMP”
Paul White (Strategy & Policy Officer – GMP)
Clive McGoun (Senior Lecturer – MMU)
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 3Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 3
Presentation content
• Background and context• Literature review• Research objectives• Methodology• Results and implications• Recommendations for future research• Experience of being a Research Fellow
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 4Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 4
Background and context
• Cybercrime an evolving and growing threat (Europol, 2014)
• Mainstream cyber awareness, capacity and
capabilities across law enforcement (UK Cyber Security
Strategy, 2011)
• Cybercrime a GMP research priority…
“keeping a pace with the changing threat and up-skilling our workforce in how to respond to this type of crime”
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 5Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 5
Research objectives1. Outline the extent to which online behaviour leads to
demand on GMP
2. Capture the perception of police officers and staff on the scale and nature of this demand
3. Capture police officer and staff perceptions of their role in servicing demand resulting from online behaviour
4. Contribute to discussions on the use of the term ‘cyber’ in describing particular forms of internet behaviour and the implications that this may have for policing.
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 6Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 6
Methodology
• Mixed methods approach• Quantitative data analysis
– GMP crime records (1 January to 31 December 2014)– Sampling framework to filter data
• Self-administered, dual media survey– Two GMP divisional areas– 28 November to 12 December 2014– Non-probability, purposive sampling
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 7Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 7
Results
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 8Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 8
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Offence type (Crime Tree 'level 4')
Fraud Violence w ithout injury
Miscellaneoust crimes agains society* Other sexual offences
Hate incidents Public order offences
Rape Robbery of personal property
Theft from the person Traff icking of drugs
Vehicle offences
Figure 1:GMP Crime Records Data
• Over 3,300 records
• 33.78% ‘Fraud’
• 27.17% ‘Violence w/o injury’
• 35.71% involved some kind of harassment or abuse
• 14.75% of a sexual nature
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 9Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 9
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
Attacks against a
computer, online
network or services (e.g.
virus/ malicious software)
Sexual offences and
grooming
Offences related to indecent images of
children on the internet
Online abuse (e.g. bullying, harassment,
stalking)
Online fraud Online theft The supply of illegal
commodities (e.g. drugs,
people trafficking)
Rarely/ Never
Occasionally
Frequently/Very Frequently
Figure 2:Crime & incidents staff said they deal
with resulting from internet behaviour • On average deal with
around 6 per week
• Spending around 12% of
their time
• Most commonly deal with
‘online abuse’
• 64.77% feel the time they
spend dealing with it is increasing
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 10Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 10
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
In my current role I should be dealing with incidents and crimes
which are the result of the way someone has behaved on the
internet
Crimes and incidents resulting from internet behaviour should only be dealt with by specialist
units who are trained to investigate them
Crimes and incidents resulting from online behaviour should only be investigated by regional and/ or national law enforcement agencies
Strongly disagree/ agree
Neutral
Stongly agree/ Agree
Figure 3:Roles and responsibilities
Figure 4:Knowledge, skills and training
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 11Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 11
• 25.93% were clear on the
definition of cybercrime
• 45.68% were not clear
• 67.07% rarely/ never use the
term ‘cyber’
• 64.63% rarely/ never encounter
others using the term 0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
How often do you use the term ‘cyber’ to describe crimes or incidents you deal with (e.g.
cybercrime, cyber bullying, cyber stalking etc)?
How often do you encounter other people using the term ‘cyber’ to
describe crimes or incidents?
Rarely/ Never
Occasionally
Very frequently/ Frequently
Figure 5:Experience of the term ‘cyber’
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 12Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 12
Summary of implications• Support for College of Policing hypotheses
– Low in numbers compared with ‘conventional crime’– But is increasing– Many associated with vulnerability, public protection & safeguarding
• Support not widespread for mainstream personnel having
role in dealing with the phenomena• Scope to nudge personnel who stand neutral on issues• Confidence in skills and knowledge not widespread• Term ‘cyber’ not widely used by mainstream personnel• Opportunity to change the discourse on cybercrime• Reflection of changing nature of crime
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 13Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 13
Recommendations for future research
• Focus groups/ interview follow-up• Extend the research across other areas• Review data trends over time • Explore perceptions of victims• Explore issues around vulnerability and safeguarding
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 14Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 14
Experience of being a Research Fellow…
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 15Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 15
Arrested Development: an exploration of training and culture within Greater
Manchester Police
Roger Pegram and Professor Peter Clough
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 16
Introduction
• Study sought to review police training and culture• Also how evidence based policing is integrated into
police training• Qualitative study had eight interviewees (trainers) from
within OLWD (Organisational Learning and Workforce Development
• Study brought forward five main topic areas
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 17
Five Main Themes
• Behaviours• Training of Special Constabulary• Standards and Culture• Inter-branch working and the cultural dynamics• Well-being• ‘Academic’ police Vs ‘Trade’ police
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 18
Behaviours
• Trainers felt there was a lack of emphasis on the attitudes and behaviours element of the KUSAB mnemonic
• Felt there was an over focus on legal knowledge and definitions
• Interviewee One: “We concentrate on definitions and things like that, we are not good at soft skills”
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 19
Special Constabulary
• Feeling that Specials’ training could be improved to that of new recruit standard
• Allocation of Specials’ training to training staff is unfair and ad-hoc
• Interviewee Five: “Specials’ training is like school sports day it is too inclusive and fair, nobody ever fails”
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 20
Standards and Culture
This was a strong theme included:• Quality of training• Standards of uniform
and behaviour• Equipment• Standard of trainers• Operational competence
• Interviewee Five: “Training is development and if you want to develop the force you need to develop training first”
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 21
Inter-Branch Working/Culture
• Everyone is working harder than their peers!
• An ‘us and them’ culture *especially between crime and uniform training
• Isolated in their own areas of business
• Interviewee One: “ I believe that the people in crime training think they have a higher status”
• Interviewee Six: “Irrespective of specialism we are all police officers”
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 22
Well-Being
• Feeling of disparities in workload and allocation of work
• Agile working• Routines – trainers
sticking to the same course
• Interviewee Four: “ You have officers who will go on the sick with exhaustion quite genuinely and some others who are still sat in the sun”
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 23
Academic Cop Vs Trade Cop
• Training in the Psychological, Criminological, and Sociological matters that make up the A and B of the KUSAB mnemonic
• Interviewee Six: “Just because they are not an academic does not mean they cannot talk about academia”
• Interviewee One: “Psychobabble”
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 24
Pracademics
• In conclusion there are many areas to further explore using evidence based techniques to assess and improve police training in the areas identified from this qualitative analyses
• In essence the opinion is that an ‘educated’ police officer is a better officer and is more likely to be an effective crime fighter
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 25
Taking Time for Crime
• ‘…training was focussed on procedures and legal use of police powers rather than on becoming an effective crime-fighter. The emphasis is on removing risk rather than proactive intervention. Some evidence-based knowledge is taught, but there is little evidence that this is being applied on the ground (CID officers being the exception). (HMIC, 2012, pp.2)
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 26Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 26
“Exploring Citizens First Contact with Police and how this effects confidence
levels in the Police Service”
Samuel Norman(Police Sergeant– GMP)
Peter Joyce (Senior Lecturer – MMU)
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 27Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 27
Project Context and Objectives
The context of this research is to ensure Policing is conducted in an efficient manner, by identifying best practice at ‘First Contact’ which has a positive effect
on the public’s confidence in policing.Aims:Review pre existing literatureConduct QuestionnaireReview findingsIdentify what effects
confidence
Objectives:Identify ‘Best practice’Facilitate changeReduce demand
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 28Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 28
Methodology‘A quantitative methodology by way of questionnaire. The
questionnaire consisted of structured, continuous response questions, using a series of 5-point Likert-style response
scales. ‘
How was this done? Why?Bivariate analysis of quantitative
data set.Open ended question allowed for
customer focused improvements.Opt In v Opt out.
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 29Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 29
Results
‘Good contact harbours increased confidence, whilst negative contact show’s decreasing confidence levels in the police.’
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 30Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 30
Where do we go from here???
•Utilise Technology to shape best practice •Customer Service Skills- Most critical position is that of call takers (Script v Humanity)•Stakeholder Focus Groups•National Research•GMP-MMU and Fellowships
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 31Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 31
Questions….
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 32
Innovation Knows No Rank
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 33Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 33
“The effectiveness of E-Learning in a Police Environment”
Helen Selisny (Trainer – GMP)
Rod Cullan (Senior Lecturer – MMU)
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 34Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 34
“What Factors Drive Victim Satisfaction with the Police”
Sarah Duffin (Projects Assistant – GMP)
Jon Bannister (Criminology Professor – MMU)
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 35
GMP / MMU Fellows
Name: Sarah Duffin
Tutor: Jon Bannister, MMU
Research topic:
What factors drive victim satisfaction with the Police?
Research: Aims, methodology, key findings, recommendations
Fellowship: Reflections on being a fellow
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 36
Background and context
What factors drive victim satisfaction with the Police?
• Why did I decide to do the fellowship?
• Why did I choose this topic?
• What is victim satisfaction and why is it important?
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 37
Aims and objectives
What factors drive victim satisfaction with the Police?
• Undertake a targeted analysis of victim satisfaction data
• Explore whether there are particular groups of people or locations that have lower victim satisfaction to inform operational policing activity so that resources can be effectively targeted
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 38
Methodology
Stage 1: Review of existing literature to identify a series of factors which can influence victim satisfaction with the police
Stage 2: Descriptive analysis of GMP victim satisfaction data (crosstabs)
Stage 3: Advanced analysis of GMP victim satisfaction data (logistic regression)
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 39
Key findings – literature review
Key factors which influence satisfaction:
1) Demographic factors
2) Previous contact / confidence in the police
3) Process factors e.g. arresting a suspect
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 40
Data analysis
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 41
Key findings – crosstabs
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 42
Key findings – Logistic Regression
Factors which have a significant impact on satisfaction:
1) Undertaking the actions the victim expected
2) Providing follow up information
3) Reassuring the victim
4) Responding in a reasonable time
5) Taking the matter seriously
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 43
Implications• Police should focus on improving the process for
updating victims of crime, managing victim expectations and providing a high quality policing service
• Research findings support work that is already going on in GMP e.g. communications skills training
• Recommendations for future research
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 44
Reflections
• Fellowship has been challenging yet rewarding
• Useful skills and knowledge
• Time is the biggest challenge
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 45
Supporting Staff: GMP Research Initiative Focussing on Understanding Absenteeism Linked to
Psychological Illness
Researcher: Constable Adele OwenSupervisor: Prof. Christine Horrocks
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 46
Aims & Objectives• To explore current attendance management processes
within GMP for sickness absence.• To review current support given to staff with
psychological illness.• To explore why staff with psychological illness choose
to go absent or remain in the workplace.• To identify what support staff experiencing
psychological illness would find beneficial to help them remain in the workplace & assist in recovery.
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 47
Methodology
Phase 1
Focus groups for staff with experience of ‘psychological illness’ while serving within GMP
Phase 2
1 to 1 interviews with supervisors who have personal experience and/or have supervised a person with experience of such illness.
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 48
Key Findings
• Attendance Management Guidance – perceived to be too ‘tick box’ focused.
• Supervisors need specific training to identify and support those with psychological illness.
• Stigma around psychological illness is perceived to exist within GMP.
• CIC (Employee Assistance Programme) support was generally perceived to be beneficial.
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 49Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 49
Research Quotations“Typical bloke. I tried to soldier on”. (Male PC)
“What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger but it could well have killed me”. (Female Police Staff)
“Were you in a straight jacket when you were off sick?” (PC to a PC)
“Because you’re “off with stress”, you’re ‘wagging it’ and ‘taking the piss out of the cops’” (Male PC)
“What is missing in this organisation is a willingness to talk about it”. (Senior Police Officer)
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 50Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 50
“Police officers are conditioned to deal with difficult things and on the whole hide their emotions and that’s
how lots of police officers get through the day. They will go and deal with a cot death or some horrible gory incident but then put it out of their head and move on to the next thing. The danger is that officers don’t talk
about their feelings. It’s considered hard to admit because it’s perceived as showing a sign of
weakness.” (Senior Police Officer)
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 51
Future Research
• Evaluations of:
• New attendance management guidance • ‘Expert by Experience’ Supervisor training• An internal anti-stigma campaign• Peer Support Network
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 52Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 52
Insider Research Issues
•Concern initially about staff participation.•Research participants and/or colleagues?•Importance of not bringing pre-conceived ideas to my research.•Rank & role - power dynamics•The challenge of completing research in addition to the day job.
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 53Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 53
Thank you for listening.
Please feel free to contact me for further information:
Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 54Protecting Society and helping keep people safe Slide 54
Questions….