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Prague, 8-11 June 2009COPEL

ELOI RUFATO JUNIOR-Brazil-Session3-Paper ID 0199

PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR THE CO-GENERATION OF METHANE GAS CONNECTED TO COPEL’S

DISTRIBUTION GRID – TESTS AND PROCEDURES

Authors :Eloi Rufato Junior – COPEL- USP- UTFPRJulio Shigeaki Omori – COPELMarcos Koehler - COPELDr. Carlos C. Barioni de Oliveira – USP



COPEL

3

Área : 199.600 km2

(2,3% del territorio total de Brasil)Población : 9,5 millones

(5,9% de la población brasileña)Urbana: 80 %Rural: 20 %

PIB : R$ 73.800 millones(6,4% del PIB brasileño)

Renta per capita : R$ 7,774

Área :Área : 199.600 km199.600 km22

(2,3% del territorio total de Brasil)(2,3% del territorio total de Brasil)Población :Población : 9,5 millones9,5 millones

(5,9% de la población brasileña)(5,9% de la población brasileña)Urbana: 80 %Urbana: 80 %Rural: 20 %Rural: 20 %

PIB :PIB : R$ 73.800 millonesR$ 73.800 millones(6,4% del PIB brasileño)(6,4% del PIB brasileño)

Renta per capita : R$ 7,774Renta per capita : R$ 7,774

Composición del PIB

Industrial40%

Agrícola14%

Servicios46%

Estado de Paraná

Fuente: IPARDES

Perú

Océano Pacífico Océano Atlántico

BRASIL

PARANA STATE



UUU

UUUU

UUUU

U

34,5 kV

69 kVou

138 kV

13,8 kV

UU UUU UUU U

UU UUU UUU U

SD’s

SD’s

SD’s

SD’s

SD’s

13,8 kV

13,8 kV

34,5 kV34,5 kV

SD’sSD’s

34,5 kV

AREAS OF RESPONSABILITY OF PROTECTION



DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

• Substation : 34,5 kV/13,8 kV• Transformers : Grounded Star at the 34,5 kV

/ Delta with ground transformer in Zig-Zag at the 13,8 kV side.

• Powers of Transformers : 4,2 MVA, 5MVA and 7 MVA.



PROTECTION and DISTRIBUTION LINES

• SUBSTATION:• Recloser and Circuit Breaker with Relay• DISTRIBUTION LINES:• Reclosers and Fuses• Reclosers: Hydraulics, Electro-mechanic,

Electronics and Micro processed.



TYPES OF RECLOSER CONTROLS



PROTECTION CONFIGURATION

0,4 A

v v v v v v

v

v

v

I cc min

v

I cc máx

R

1

2 3

4

Iccmáx Iccmín

R

R1R2

R1R2

1226 A

680 A1454 A

271 A

35 A

35A 1968A

CIRCUITS

UUUUUUUU

TF

TF UU UUUUUU

UU UU

UUUU

TA

34,5KV 13,8KV

0,4A

Ts

R1



Points of Connection of the Small Generators in the Distribution



THE PROJECT• Generate electric power in biodigestors using pig

slurry• Generate power with methane gas yielded by the

decomposition of collected organic matter• To enable the connection of this type of distributed

power to COPEL’s grid there are some special measures that must be taken to protect the electric system and ensure safety

• Low-power operating systems, it was not feasible to equip them with the protection systems in place on larger generators.



THE PROJECT• The project has been developed and monitored for a

year in a small rural property in the Foz do Iguaçu-Granja Colombari

• The main environmental problem ensuing from pig-raising is the phosphorus-rich pig slurry that is the main nutrient of what is called “blue algae” contaminates and deteriorates water

• If it touches the skin can cause serious health problems to human beings and animals alike.

• The property where the tests were run, electric capacity for power generation is 50 kilowatts–enough to generate power for 100 homes.



THE INSTALATIONS

• PIG INSTALATIONS



THE INSTALATIONS

• BIODIGESTOR • GENERATOR



Problems Ensuing from Small Generators Operating Under Islanding

• Operational safety• Personal safety - Affecting distribution

companies and third parties• Causing Technical and Commercial

problems - Voltage and Frequency• Legal problems (Law)



Vector Jump Relay - 78• Installed to operate the generator’s circuit-

breaker coupling to the distribution system• Operation Principle:• Angle displacement of the phase between

the generator’s internal voltage “Eg” and the voltage at the generator’s terminals“Vtg”



CONFIGURATION UNDER STUDY• The 34.5kV distribution system that was tested is

located in the Foz do Iguaçu – Cacic feeder



Protection System to Connect Generators to 34.5 kV Feeders

• The interconnection functions protection used in thisPilot Tests were:

Overcurrent inst. and timed – 50/51 – 50/51NOver-voltage (3 phases) – 59Under-voltage (3 phases) - 27Over and Under Frequency – 81 O/UTime Relay - 62 Synchronism Check Relay – 25Vector Jump – 78



Protection Functions

• The diagram shows the minimum protection and trip points for coupling small-size generators to COPEL’sDistribution System



LAB TESTS• Tests were carried out using ATP -

developed cases• Operating conditions and Short-circuit tests



Case 1-Phase-Ground Short-Circuit• ANTICIPATED RESULT: Generator’s circuit-breaker protections should be triggered• TEST RESULT- Circuit-breaker was opened when the Vector Jump relay was

triggered, with 89 ms

CHANNEL OSCILLOGRAPH

-CHANNEL 1, 2 and 3: Tensions A, B and C of the Generator -CHANNEL 4, 5 and 6: Currents A, B and C of the Generator -CHANNEL 7 and 8:CB - KC (Feeder) and KG (Generator)



Case 2-Phase-Ground Short-Circuit with Fault Impedance - ZF

• ANTICIPATED RESULT: Generator’s circuit-breaker protections should be triggered• TEST RESULT- Circuit-breaker was opened when the Vector Jump relay was

triggered, with 76 ms

CHANNEL OSCILLOGRAPH

-CHANNEL 1, 2 and 3: Tensions A, B and C of the Generator -CHANNEL 4, 5 and 6: Currents A, B and C of the Generator -CHANNEL 7 and 8:CB - KC (Feeder) and KG (Generator)



FIELD TESTS

• After lab test results were approved• Panel with protection equipment was installed • Short-circuit and anomaly tests and real

simulations were run on COPEL’s distribution system

• Nine field tests were scheduled and run



Phase-Ground short-circuit test performed at the São Vicente Feeder



Equipment Installation

• Feeder Installation - Generator Installation



TEST RESULTS• Test 4 consist in mounting the generating unit in

parallel with COPEL’s distribution grid• ACTION: Cause a single-phase short-circuit on the

34.5 kV distribution grid – source side• ANTICIPATED RESULT– Protections on the

generator’s are triggered before the feeder recloser automatically.

• TEST RESULT – Circuit Breaker was opened when the Vector Jump (78) relay was triggered, with 61 ms operating time, before the recloser time



Oscillography Result

(78) Tripped



Summarized Results• Opening time and which protection was

triggered when field tests were run



CONCLUSIONS• Based on the study of the oscillograms and

measurement results from field tests, it is shown that 90% of the tests were run under the protection of “Vector Jump”

• Time of operation of protection units were 60-80 milliseconds, this time is before the recloser operation.

• Considering that is a low-cost type of protection (Vetor Jump) compared to a complete protection system for generator connection in parallel with distribution systems, Copel’s use this protection for a motor-generator unit run on methane gas.

• Create a new Standards for this Connections

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