Presentation on

Protective ClothingBy

Kazi Md Rejaul Karim

Master in management and textile engineering AY - 2015 - 2016Prof. Ada Ferri

Presentation Outline

• Introduction• Fibers used in Protech• Types of protective Clothing with

examples from different Manufacturing Company

• Nanotechnology in Protective Clothing

Protective Clothing

Protective clothing definition involves garments, or textile related products that are worn, that prevents a person (or product) from coming into contact with, that protects from, and/or reduces the risk of exposure to hostile elements or environments.

Protective clothing extends to body armor such as bullet proof vests, historical armor and futuristic powered armor along with normal clothing. But In UK legislation the term PPE does not cover such items as armor.

Fibers Mostly used in Protective clothing Manufacturing

• Meta-aramid: Nomex® (DuPont), TeijinConex®, TeijinConex HT® (Teijin)

• Para-aramid: Kevlar® (DuPont), Twaron® (Acordis), Technora® (Teijin)

• PTFE (Fluorocarbon fibers) : Teflon® (duPont), Toyoflon® (Toray)

• PPS (Phenylene sulphide): Ryton® (Amoco/Successor), Procon® (Toyobo), Toray PPS® (Toray)

• Melamine: Basofil® (BASF)

• PBO(Polybenzoxazole) : Zylon® (Toyobo)

• PBI (Polybenzimidazole): PBI (Celanese)

• Polyimide (PI): P-84® (Inspec)

• Carbon Precursor: Lastan® (Asahi)

• Carbon fiber: PAN (polyacrylonitrile) and Pitch based

• High Density Polyethylene - HDPE: Spectra® (Honeywell), Dyneema® (Dyneema)

Heat and Flame Resistant clothing

The turnout gear (Jacket and trouser only) typically consists of three functional gears: • Outer shell (OS) - resistance to fire and

prevents water ingress, cut, stab, tear and abrasion hazards. i.e. Gemini XTL(TENCATE)- PBI; Nomex (Dupont)

• Moisture Barrier (MB) - prevent water, HT water vapor, chemicals and other pathogens. i.e. STEDAIR3000 (Stedfast) -Bi-component PTFE.

• Thermal Liner (TL) – provides thermal protection. i.e. Caldura(TENCATE)

• Dupont (Nomex) – Withstand short exposure up to 1000ᵒC.

• Sparco (Hocotex) • Lighter suit in the world

Protection against Extreme Cold Wet weather

Garments that can manage moisture, control heat transfer and protect human from the weather must work together. Wearing the proper clothing system will ensure the optimal combination of comfort and protection.THE BASE LAYER — Worn next to the skin, this layer is made of non-absorbent fibers that “wick” liquid away from the skin.THE INSULATING LAYER — Worn over the base layer, this layer keeps warm the body. Synthetic insulators work better than natural fibers and retain some of their insulating ability even when wet.THE WEATHER PROTECTION LAYER — This layer protects against the elements while keeping the insulating layers dry. And it must be breathable to keep moisture from accumulating in the other layers.

Gore-tex• THREE LAYER GORE-TEX® ACTIVE FABRIC:GORE-TEX® Active fabric combines a lighter, thinner GORE-TEX® membrane with fine denier performance textiles to deliver the ultimate lightweight three-layer solution. On the liner side, a proprietary lamination technology integrates the backing textile directly into the GORE-TEX® membrane allowing for extreme breathability and excellent next-to-skin comfort.

Polartec Fleece Jacket

Polartec® fleece (PET) has a lofted fiber structure that creates thermal air pockets to prevent convective heat loss and regulate core warmth. This breakthrough design construction provides the highest warmth per weight ratio for insulating materials while remaining highly weather resistant, durable and soft to the touch.A soft double-sided face gives fleece the versatility to integrate with layered systems, whether worn directly against the skin or on top of other fabrics. The hydrophobic properties further enhance the inherent ability to repel water, resist saturation and dry quickly

Pertex fabrics

• Pertex developed new Pertex Shield AP and a lighter weight version of Pertex Shield+ (Nylon and PTFE), in response for the growing demand for extremely-lightweight, weatherproof outerwear.

• Y-shaped filaments inside the yarn, which lock together to provide a more stable construction.

• 100 DWR has been developed to provide excellent water shedding through extended wash and wear.

• Pertex fabrics with CS10 technology use yarns with unique diamond shaped filaments, which lock together to provide a very stable construction. These tightly interlocking filaments give the fabric superb abrasion resistance along with improved water beading properties.

Protective Clothing for Military

• FR-blend underwear next to skin.• A base layer of a long sleeved top and drawers

composed of Nomex/spandex mesh.• Mid-weight layer of long sleeved top and bottom of

Nomex/FR polyester fleece.• Duty service uniform layer with FR options for air and

mounted personnel.• Lightweight outer layer of FR wind-resistant

nylon/cotton/Lycra® blend.• Intermediate weather outer layer of fleece jacket,

pants and vest of the nylon/cotton/Lycra blend.• For extreme weather, an outer layer of a shell jacket

and pants of FR rayon/para-aramid/nylon outer shell, PTFE membrane and Nomex knit jersey backing.

Protection against ballistic

• The TenCate Themis™ family of soft body armor inserts consists of five models that protect against ballistic, fragmentation, spike and edged blades.

TenCate Advanced Armor North America announces a new line of personal protection products offering higher levels of life-saving capabilities.• TenCate Pro-Tector® 1000 is a

woven aramid laminate multi-thread material. • TenCate Aramid-Shield™

1000 is a uni-directional aramid ballistic material.

• The TenCate Cratus™ family of hard body armor plates consists of fourteen models that protect against the full range of handgun, edged blade and rifle threats typically seen in law enforcement and military operational environments.

DuPont™ Kevlar® fiber for military soft body armor

Kevlar® technology in military-grade protection has multiple uses:• Improved Outer Tactical Vest (iOTV)• Improved Modular Tactical Vest (iMTV)• Throat and groin protectors• Deltoid Auxiliary Protection System (DAPS)

Kevlar® XP™ for Hard Armor Helmet helps provide:• Minimal back face deformation• Fewer layers and can reduce stitching requirements• 20% decrease in helmet weight

Helmet (ski racing )

• Giro Sport Design, the leader in the manufacture of protective headwear, has announced the Advance MIPS(Multi-directional Impact Protection System), an innovative ski racing helmet that uses TeXtreme to create a lighter, stiffer, and stronger shell.

• TeXtreme is a unique carbon fibre material that differs from conventional carbon fibre materials due to its proprietary production methods.

Protective clothing against chemical

• Chemical-Protective Clothing (CPC) consists of special clothing worn to prevent chemicals from coming into contact with the body. CPC generally includes eye/face protection, aprons, boots, gloves, and suits/coveralls.

CPC Selection:• Chemical resistance• Physical integrity• Resistance to temperature extremes• Ability to be cleaned• Flexibility• Size• Design

• Higher protection is offered by Tyvek(durable spunbonded olefin) laminated with Saranex 23P® from Dow Chemical. Saranex multi-layered barrier film has a low density polyethylene outer layer bonded to a layer of resin, a copolymer of vinylidine chloride (Saran) and an exposed layer of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) which acts as an adhesive to bond Saranex to the Tyvek. Properly constructed and sealed garments offer high degrees of protection over a wide range of chemicals. DuPont has added to their line of Tyvek materials to include several lower cost coatings for specific applications.

Tychem® SL Offers Protection Against More than 120 Chemicals

Protective clothing against Radiation• Concern in this area involves protection from

radioactive particulate matter or fall-out protection. Most garments used are impermeable to particulates to prevent ingestion and/or skin contact and absorption into the body tissues. The penetration and permeation protection is offered by special co-polymer coatings or laminates with broad spectrum chemical resistance. The base fabric acts as carrier and/or a strength member to provides durability consistent with the use and the coating. Typical would be polyethylene coated fabrics onto Tyvek(Dupont) or other non-wovens such as polyester or olefin.

• Poland’s Textile Research Institute (TRI) has developed new textiles enabled with anti-UV and anti-electromagnetic capacities. Protective clothing developed with the use of these textiles will be supplied to law enforcement officers, healthcare workers, farmers and other professions, but they will also be used in the manufacturing of curtains and other products.

• Following research and development activities, the TRI is currently pursuing projects which aim to introduce its products to both the domestic and foreign markets, according to the institute’s management.

Protective clothing against Bacterial/Viral• The PC area of medical textiles, as per definition,

has been fueled by the concerns related to the virus, hepatitis, Ebola and other life threatening transmittable diseases. Barrier fabrics, laminated or coated woven and non-woven fabrics with sophisticated co-polymer extrusion coatings, are being developed, along with anti-bacterial finishes for use by hospital and medical personnel, emergency responders such as ambulances, firemen, and police. A good example of the work being done in this area is DuPont's Biowear® materials(Tychem qc coveralls) for protection against bloodborne pathogens Tychem QC coveralls

Nanotechnology in Protective Clothing

• Currently available protective textiles (aramids such as Kevlar) are often heavy, bulky, and uncomfortable with limited protective performance. These characteristics limit their use; this is where Nano enabled textiles may provide a solution. ‐

Nanotechnologies add value • Due to their enabling character and the unique properties of materials at Nano scale,

nanotechnologies are particularly suitable for use in technical protective textiles. Their use in this sector is still at an early stage, with research following two main paths:

1. Upgrading functions and performances of existing PC. 2. Development of products with unprecedented characteristics and performance. • These development streams gives rise to two main classes of products: functional protective

textiles and smart/intelligent protective textiles. Some of these materials have reached the market, but it must be stressed that many with the most innovative features have not been tested at full scale, remaining in the early stages of development.

Sitography• http://www.teijinaramid.com/• http://www.apparelsearch.com/• http://www.tencate.com/• http

://www.innovationintextiles.com/protective/• http://

advancedtextilessource.com• http://www.dupont.com/

Bibliography • Handbook of technical textilesBy Horrocks & Annex • high performance textiles and

their applicationsBy C Lawrence

Thank you for your kind attention