protein memory hitesh

7/28/2019 Protein Memory Hitesh

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Protein memory

Submitted by:-Hitesh kumar

ECE A2 7th sem

(103039)


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Contents Overview

History of protein memory

RAM Types

Protein Memory

Data Write, Read & Erase techniques

Practical Memory Cell

Applications

Present status

References


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Overview

Protein memory is an experimental means of storingdata.

Using proteins ,that respond to light from bacteriafound in salt water, a small cube can store largeamounts of data.

By using lasers, the protein can be changed depending

on various wave lengths, allowing them to store andrecall data. As a result protein can be used to storeenormous amounts of data using lasers to read and

write binary code.


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History of protein memory

Protein memory was discovered by Walther Stoeckeniusand Dieter Oesterhelt at Rockefeller University in New

York.

They discovered that a protein isolated from a salt marshbacterium exhibited photosensitive properties. They calledthis protein bacteriorhodopsin ,because it was very similarto the protein, rhodopsin that founds in the eyes ofhumans and animals.


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RAM Types

DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

SRAM (Static RAM)


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DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

Must be refreshed every few millisecond

Cheaper and widely used

Low power consumption

SRAM (Static RAM)

Faster than DRAM Costly


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Protein memory

How Protein Memory compete with electronicmemory?

Speed Reliability

Capability

Cost

Basic unit of Protein MemoryBacterial protein molecule - Bacteriorhodopsin (bR)


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Bacteriorhodopsin ( bR)

Purple membranes of Halo bacterium halobium.

Changes mode of operation upon light incident.

Light energy to chemical energy conversion.


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Photo cycle of Bacteriorhodopsin

Chromophore Light absorbing component

Light energy triggers a series of complex internalstructural changes - Photocycle


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Photo cycle of Bacteriorhodopsin


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Molecular Structure

Quite similar to Rhodopsin, the light detectingpigment in retinas of human eye


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Data Writing technique Photo cycle


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Data Reading technique Photo cycle


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Data Erasing Technique

Blue laser erases encoded data

Q state absorb blue light and return to original bRstate

Individual data can be erased using blue laser


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bR Memory Cell by Bob Birge

- Implemented a prototype memory

- bR molecules to store digital bits


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Birges Memory Cell

1. Stores data with 10,000 molecules per bit

2. Molecule switches in 500 femtoseconds

3. Speed only limited by laser steering speed

4. Estimated that Data stored live around 5 years

without any refreshment


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Applications of bR Ultra fast RAM

Finger print processing

Optical switches

Neural Logic gates (genetic engineering)


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Present Status Not used for commercial applications.

Used for military and scientific applications..

Researches are going on for.

High speed high capacity memory for commercial applications

Ultimate machine intelligence with the aid of genetic engineering (Amemory that mimics human brain).

Carry a small encyclopedic cube containing all the information weneed !!.


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Conclusion During the past decade, the speed of computer processors

increased almost 1,000 times, where as data storage

capacities increased only by a factor of 50. Also, the transfer

of data within the computer remains the principalbottleneck that limits performance.

Protein memories use laser beam, which improve their life

with reduction in wear and tear.


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THANK YOU

protein memory hitesh

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