DNA to Proteins Protein Synthesis (making proteins)

This is called the genetic code (or Protein Synthesis)

Also known as the ‘Central Dogma’ The DNA inside of the Nucleus gives the

RNA instructions for making Proteins. Since the DNA cannot leave the nucleus,

the mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.

DNA – RNA - Proteins

Changing DNA – RNA is called “TRANSCRIPTION”

To ‘transcribe’ is to ‘re-write’ something. This means there will be a change in base

pairing. A=U (this is different, no THYMINE in RNA) C=G (this is the same)

Changing DNA - RNA

Practice Transcription

AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT

Transcribe the DNA to RNA

Practice Transcription-answer

DNA = AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATTmRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA -

UAA

Transcribe the DNA to mRNA

Remember: There is no T (thymine) in RNA; instead there is U (uracil)

The series of 3 bases is called a triplet or CODONS

Messenger RNA (mRNA) being translated into an amino acid is called TRANSLATION.

You will need page 292 of the blue Glencoe Textbooks for the Amino Acid Codon Chart

mRNA – Proteins (amino acids)

Translate the mRNA to Amino Acids You will need the chart on page 292 in blue text

booksmRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAAAA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP

mRNA – Proteins (Amino Acid)

Translation Your amino acid strand should read thismRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAAAA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP

Every amino acid sequence (protein strand) has a start codon (AUG) and a stop codon (UAA, etc.)This is telling where protein synthesis STARTS, and STOPS

mRNA – Proteins (amino acids)

On your own paper, Practice DNA replication1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC

2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT

3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAC – GAG

4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA

Practice Work (keep in notebooks)

Practice Protein Synthesis (change each strand to mRNA , THEN to Proteins).

1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC

2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT

3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAC – GAG

4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA

Practice work (keep in notebooks)