proteins
DESCRIPTION
Proteins. Recap (Nutrients and Water). Carbohydrates. are grouped into. Hydrolysis. monosaccharides. polysaccharides. disaccharides. Condensation reaction. examples. starch. examples. examples. function. + glucose. Energy store. glucose. maltose. structure . + glucose. fructose. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Proteins
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Recap (Nutrients and Water)
Biological Molecules
Nutrients
Energy Raw materials
Carbohydrates
Proteins Fats
Repair/Growth
Water
Functions
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Carbohydrates
maltose
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
glucose
galactose
lactose
fructose sucrose
starch
Straight and branched chains of glucose molecules
Condensation reaction
Hydrolysis
+ glucoseEnergy store
+ glucose
+ glucose
are grouped into
examples examples
examples
function
structure
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Notes
Some notes are in the PPT, some are not. Do listen out for the clues
in my lesson!
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“Proteins Proteins Proteins”
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Why study proteins?
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See it for yourself
African child Singapore child
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Kwashiorkor
• In poor countries, when children do not have sufficient intake of proteins, they developed “big tummy”, which is the accumulation of water outside the blood capillaries.
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Active research area
HIV researchPakinson’s disease
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Elements in Proteins
Carbohydrates• Carbohydrates are a
group of organic biomolecules made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Proteins• Proteins are a group of
organic biomolecules made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and …
• Nitrogen and some sulphur.
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Other differences?
Structural Differences!
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General chemical structure for the Basic unit of carbohydrates
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maltose
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H20
glucose + glucose maltose + water
OH
+ +
glycosidic bondCondensationreaction
OH O
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General chemical structure for the Basic unit of proteins
—N—H
HC—OH
||O
R
|—C— |
H
Basic unit of protein is called Amino Acid (aa)
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Basic unit comparison
Carbohydrates Proteins
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Amino acidsStructure:central carbon amino groupacidic group (Carboxyl) R group (side chain)
variable group gives unique
chemical properties to the amino acid
—N—H
HC—OH
||O
R
|—C— |
H
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What is the “R” group?1. It is the variable
groups that give rise to different Amino Acids in our body
2. There are 20 natural occurring AAs
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With different “R” groups, you can come out with different AAs
—N—H
HC—OH
||O
R
|—C— |
H
Alanine
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Joining different AAs together[Condensation]
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Hydrolysis
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Condensation and Hydrolysis Game !
2 groups • 1&2 vs 3&4
Objectives •Form the given polypeptides and hydrolyse it in the time given•Time limit is 5 mins
Instructions •Move the tables to the side, with the pail at the center•Paste the AAs sticker on your shirt
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Example
Gly – Arg – Val
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1st Polypeptide
Gly – Arg – Val- Ala- Ser – Thr – Cys- Met - His
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2nd Polypeptide
Ser– Met- His- Gly– Thr - Ala– Cys- Arg -Val
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What are the functions of proteins?
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Other functions of food? Other than providing energy?
Growth
Regeneration By providing the necessary raw
material
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“Proteins Proteins Proteins”
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How does the lobster protein got transformed
into your muscle protein?
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Eat the lobster
Digestion
Proteins
Polypeptide
Amino Acids
Digestion is a series of hydrolytic process
Proteins are first hydrolysed into short polypeptides which are in turn hydrolysed to amino acids.
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Amino Acids
Polypeptide
Proteins
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To different kinds of tissues and cells
Muscles
EnzymesAntibodies
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Main functions of proteins
• Synthesis of new protoplasm, for growth and repair of worn-out body cells.• Synthesis of enzymes, hormones,
antibodies and other biological molecules.
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Going a bit further
• What if the sequence in a protein is arranged wrongly?
•Gly – Arg – Val changed to Val– Arg –Gly
• What will happen?• Let’s watch a video
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Mad Cow Disease
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Q1. What is the basic unit of protein?
A. GlucoseB. MaltoseC. Amino AcidsD. Water
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Q2. How many natural occuring amino acids are there?
A. 19B. 20C. 21D. 22
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Q3. Proteins are only found in the cells of animals
A. TrueB. False
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Q4. Condensation only happens in protein synthesis
A. TrueB. False
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Q5. What is the name of the bond between two adjacent Amino acids?
A. Ionic BondB. Hydrogen BondC. Covalent BondD. Peptide Bond
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HW• Find out the test for proteins. • Biuret test. • Write down the exact steps in conducting the
biuret test and find pictures on the internet that describe the test.
• Put it in a word document.• Send to [email protected] by
Wednesday. Go through on thurs!
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Construct a protein mind map
• Construct a protein mind map based on today’s lesson.
• Take reference from the mind maps constructed by the teachers in water and carbohydrates
• Hand in by this thurs, 12th March.