proteins by emily hodgson and joshua bower. primary structure the amino acid sequence
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![Page 1: Proteins By Emily Hodgson and Joshua Bower. Primary structure The amino acid sequence](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/5697c01b1a28abf838ccf9dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ProteinsBy Emily Hodgson and Joshua Bower
![Page 2: Proteins By Emily Hodgson and Joshua Bower. Primary structure The amino acid sequence](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/5697c01b1a28abf838ccf9dd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Primary structure• The amino acid sequence
![Page 3: Proteins By Emily Hodgson and Joshua Bower. Primary structure The amino acid sequence](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/5697c01b1a28abf838ccf9dd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Secondary structure• Alpha helix
• Beta sheet
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Tertiary structure• Folding of the protein
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Quaternary structure• Multiple polypeptides
• e.g. collagen
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ALBUMINALBUMIN
Properties
Functions
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hyperalbuminaemia
Normal values = 3.5 - 5.0 g/dL50% of protein contentNegatively chargedProduced in the liver only
Oncotic pressureTransport - hormones, bilirubin, free fatty acids, exogenous drugs, metals, ionspH bufferNegative acute phase proteinCompetitively binds Ca ions
Liver disease (cirrhosis)Nephrotic syndromeExcess loss in bowel (protein-losing enteropathy, e.g., Ménétrier's disease)Burns (plasma loss in the absence of skin barrier)Redistribution (hemodilution [as in pregnancy], increased vascular permeability or decreased lymphatic clearance)Acute disease statesProtein energy malabsorption
DehydrationHigh protein diet
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Hypoalbuminaemia signs and symptoms
• Leukonychia
• Oedema and ascites (decreased oncotic pressure)
• Jaundice
• N.b. give lower doses of drugs as more will be free in plasm