Spread of Protestantism

Switzerland - Reformed Church

Salvation by faith aloneDenounced many Catholic traditions

such as purgatory and indulgences

Wanted a complete separation from Catholicism

Theocracy - church-run state in Zurich

John Calvin

Grew up in Catholic France

Humanist Studied the bible Wrote The Institutes

of the Christian Religion

Switzerland - Calvinism

John Calvin - theocracy in Geneva

God was all-knowing and all-powerfulPredestination - God determines the

fate of every person

All citizens had to attend church and could have their homes inspected

Calvinism

Spread throughout Europe because local ministers and elected church members - very democratic

Had a very loyal following

Followers encouraged people to overthrow “ungodly” rulers

Led to rise of revolutionary movements in 1600s and 1700s

Anabaptists

Baptized new adult members only Only people who could make free and

informed choices Did not listen to government authority and

refused to participate in society Radical groups led to their downfall even

though most groups were peaceful

Future Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish Religious liberty and separation of church and

state

King Henry VIII

Church of England

Separated from Catholic Church because Pope would not allow King Henry VII to divorce and marry again

Henry wanted a son to succeed himParliament passed laws making the

King the head of the churchKept catholic faith and traditions

Dispute over Church of England

Devout Catholics refused to acknowledge authority of King

He closed monasteries, seized land, and used money for personal gain

Henry finally got a son with his 6th marriage

I’m Henry the Eighth, I AmHerman’s Hermits (1965)

I'm Henry the Eighth, I am! Henry the Eighth I am! I

am! I got married to the widow

next door, She's been married seven

times before. Every one was an Henry She wouldn't have a

William or a Sam I'm her eighth old man

named Henry Henry the Eighth I am.

Succession to Throne

Edward VI - died in his teensMary - tried to restore Catholicism,

burned many Protestants at the stake - became known as “Bloody Mary”

Elizabeth I - tried to blend Protestant and Catholic traditions - Anglicanism

Edward, Mary, Elizabeth

Puritanism

Protestants in England that wanted to “purify” the church of Catholic rituals

Catholic Reformation

ORTHE Counter-Reformation

Goals

Church eliminated abusesClarified its theologyReestablished the pope’s authority over

church member

Council of Trent

Pope Paul III and Bishops meet in Italy

1545-1563

Council of Trent

Salvation comes through faith and good works

Church tradition and the bible are equals as sources for religious truth

Forbid the selling of indulgencesClergy had strict rulesEach diocese had to create a seminary

Other Items of Catholic ReformationIntroduced censorship to stop humanist

and Protestant thinkingForbidden book listKept masses elaborate and in Latin

Divided Europe

Holy Roman Empire - middle European countries governed by one emporer

Allowed each prince to choose its religion

Divided Europe into Protestant north and Catholic south

Why support Protestantism?

Religious conviction (your beliefs)Allowed princes to expand powerSupported the business side of the

economyWay to defy the Italian-controlled

Catholic Church