protestant missionary movement
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Protestant Missionary Movement. Lesson 12. Objectives: Lesson 12. Describe the widening sense in European Protestantism of the universality of the gospel and discuss the theological and evangelical impulses behind the modern missions movement - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Protestant Missionary Movement
Lesson 12
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Objectives: Lesson 12• Describe the widening sense in European Protestantism of the
universality of the gospel and discuss the theological and evangelical impulses behind the modern missions movement
• Describe the factors that impelled the beginnings of Protestant missions, especially the life and work of William Carey (1761-1834) and Adoniram Judson (1788-1850)
• Compare methods the church used to implement her mission in history with present attempts to meet fresh challenges facing the church today
• Describe some of the ways in which Christianity grew in various Asian countries
• Describe the development of missions in the South Pacific– Term Paper Project– Hymn Project– Articles of Faith– TULIP– Wesleyan Quadrilateral
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European Protestantism• Describe the widening sense in
European Protestantism of the universality of the gospel and discuss the theological and evangelical impulses behind the modern missions movement
– Protestant Calvinism did not promote missions
– Pietists and the Moravian groups felt that their message needed to be spread
• To their own people in remote locations (USA / Africa)
• To foreigners
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European Protestantism
– As strict Calvinism was rejected, the call for saving the souls of others grew
• instead of "God will save them" it became "We must at least preach that they may hear and respond"
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Early Protestant missions groups (1700’s)
• Catholics! :-) Don't forget, they were there the whole time!
– First Spain and Portugal– Then France
• England - SPCK and SPG– Wesley went with SPG to Georgia– Whitefield too
• Danish Pietists to India• Moravians• German and Swiss• London Missionary Society (1795)• Church Missionary Society (1799)
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1800’s
• Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society (1817)– South Pacific– Americas
• American Board of Commissionares for Foreign Missions (1820)– To Hawaii
• At first, these societies were basically non-denominational. 100 years later most joined with denominations for administrative or financial support.
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South Pacific Missions
• LMS sent missionaries to Tahiti - 1796
– John Williams killed in Tonga 1839
– Tonga - Methodists from 1820s
– Samoa
• CMS to New Zealand (1814)
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Factors that impelled the beginnings of Protestant missions
• Describe the factors that impelled the beginnings of Protestant missions, especially the life and work of William Carey (1761-1834) and Adoniram Judson (1788-1850)
• Protestant Missionary assumptions:
– Humans are basically the same spiritually
– Humans are equal in God's sight– Other religions are inadequate or
evil– My culture is better (oops!)
William Carey – “Father of Protestant
Missions” was actually not the
first.
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Compare methods• Compare methods the church used to
implement her mission in history with present attempts to meet fresh challenges facing the church today
• Catholic Missions:– Focus on giving clergy positions only
to Europeans with training– Focus on Christianizing, but not
elevating– "Paternalistic" Father-child
relationship• Local people not trained because
“they cannot do the work as well”
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Early Protestant Missions:
• Focus on equality and Christianizing
• Focus on cultural superiority
• Converts could sometimes be leaders if they changed culture
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Later Protestant Missions:
• Increasing discomfort with "Westernizing" or "civilizing"
• Quickly transfer leadership to national pastors and lay people
• 3-self churches: self-governing, self-supporting, self-propagating (spread)
– But where is the "body" in 3-self?– 3-self is a good phase of missions– Interdependence has great value
• Schools are expensive and disappointing• Schools should only be for training pastors and
teachers– They should serve the church– They should be in vernacular
• Translation efforts are important• Missionaries should not get involved in politics
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– These views diminished during the 1890's due to "high colonialism"
• Compassionate Ministries became a focus• Sometimes to the neglect of evangelism• Often seen as working hand-in-hand
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Describe some of the ways in which Christianity grew in various
Asian countries• William Carey (1761-1834) to India • Adoniram Judson (1788-1850) - China• China and most of Asia affected by
Communist growth in 1950's– Most missionaries were forced out– Church forced "underground"– Extreme persecution
• Nationals had to take full responsibility• Today some estimates say that over
30,000 Chinese people come to Christ every day!
• Back to Jerusalem Movement - Chinese missionaries want to evangelize from their country to Jerusalem and "complete the circle"
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Back to Jerusalem
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Describe the development of missions in the South Pacific
• Captain Cook sailed the South Pacific and wrote letters that people in England read.
– Stirred clergy and laity– Catholics had not come to the South
Sea– Formed an interdenominational group
called London Missionary Society (LMS)
• Send missionaries to Tahiti or other islands• Mostly British at first• Most did not want American or British
control of islands until French Catholics arrived around 1850
• Early missionaries were very opposed to Catholics
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Early missionaries faced several problems:
• Animist religion (worshipping rocks / animals / appease spirits) often made visitors unwelcome. A curse would come if new people arrived.
• Ocean transportation• European traders that would stir up the nationals against the missionaries
• Temptations
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1797 39 Missionaries from LMS arrived in Tahiti
• Many were curious about these new missionaries
• Well received and taken care of• But no signs of success for 16 years!• Many went home, 3 went "native"• Henry Nott stayed with the mission
through many trials. Finally the king of Tahiti gave up his idols, was baptized 7 years later, and the people were able to openly accept Christ.
• Infanticide and cannibalism stopped• Tahitian Christians became a major
missionary force to Tonga, Samoa, New Caledonia, New Hebrides (Vanuatu) and Cook Islands
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10 went on to Tonga with Captain Wilson
• Not well received• Sailors that had run away
were on Tonga– They made fun of the
missionaries– They tempted the missionaries
to join them in sexual immorality and drinking - 1 did!
– Civil War and 3 missionaries died, the others had to be rescued
– LMS Mission to Tonga failed
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In 1820 Wesleyan Methodists came and were more successful in Tonga• New Zealand Maori• Tonga
– LMS Missionary John Williams took Fauea and his family back to Samoa and started the church work there.
– Fauea said that their biggest opposition would be the high priest of the animist religion.
– The priest died 3 weeks before the arrival of Fauea and Williams, and no new priest was named!
http://amazingchronoscope.blogspot.com/2012/08/samoan-child-on-london-missionary.htmlhttp://www.ebay.com/itm/5-TALA-Banknote-SAMOA-1985-COASTAL-Harbor-View-UNC-/380212934975
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Further Expansion of Missions work
• Fiji
• New Guinea
• New Britain
• Northern Solomons
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Solomon Island Missions development
• Spanish Catholic explorer baptized some people of Makira Island (1568). They did not know why.
• 1845 French Catholic Jean-Baptise Epalle, who was killed his first day on land. Catholics did not return until 1898.
• 1852 Anglican missionaries to Norfolk Island took young boys to New Zealand for schooling and brought them back to do evangelism. Today Anglicanism is the largest denomination in Solomon Islands.
• SSEC (Queensland Kanaka Mission) in 1894 with Peter Abu'ofa. It became SSEC in 1907.
• Methodist Mission arrived in 1902 in New Georgia. They relied heavily on islanders from other countries.
• 1914 Seventh Day Adventists arrive in Western Solomons
• 1971 Assembly of God• 1977 Jehovah's Witness• 1992 Nukukaisi Church of the Nazarene with Dickson
Manongi and Wallace White. :-)• See _00_Religion in Day 09 for chart and table of
membership
SSEC
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Missions is at home and missions is overseas.
• Missionary is a Christian ministering cross-culturally
• Much Solomon islands missions is cross-cultural!
• 7 billion people live on Earth, 1/3 have never heard of Jesus - what will you do?
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Homework
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http://www.google.com.sb/imgres?sa=X&hl=en&biw=1920&bih=938&sout=0&tbm=isch&tbnid=KI1mLgdhXdgVGM:&imgrefurl=http://www.uq.edu.au/hprc/beattie-savo-guadalcanal&docid=kR_EDv2aYCPJqM&imgurl=http://www.uq.edu.au/hprc/docs/solomon/Guadalcanal%252520Beattie%252520655%252520Memorial%252520Cross%252520Pioneer%252520Missionary%252520Guadalcanal%252520SINM.jpg&w=750&h=566&ei=QAxJUt2kAojMyQGJ3IHwBg&zoom=1
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http://www.google.com.sb/imgres?sa=X&hl=en&sout=0&tbm=isch&tbnid=EsMqGWMbTnoUuM:&imgrefurl=http://www.janeresture.com/isabel/&docid=IxuXFNSY3HC95M&imgurl=http://www.janeresture.com/isabel/melanesian%252520missionary.jpg&w=354&h=231&ei=QAxJUt2kAojMyQGJ3IHwBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:38,s:0,i:200&iact=rc&page=2&tbnh=181&tbnw=255&start=30&ndsp=39&tx=99&ty=81&biw=1920&bih=938
http://www.google.com.sb/imgres?sa=X&hl=en&sout=0&tbm=isch&tbnid=r-20oE4wUbYFyM:&imgrefurl=http://anglicanhistory.org/oceania/oferrall_santacruz1908/&docid=JafJ5SiWsZV0QM&imgurl=http://anglicanhistory.org/oceania/oferrall_santacruz1908/school_wilson.jpg&w=700&h=467&ei=QAxJUt2kAojMyQGJ3IHwBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:53,s:0,i:245&iact=rc&page=2&tbnh=170&tbnw=262&start=30&ndsp=39&tx=138&ty=94&biw=1920&bih=938
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http://www.google.com.sb/imgres?sa=X&hl=en&sout=0&tbm=isch&tbnid=7x6KRvTdapn6HM:&imgrefurl=http://www.postcardman.net/solomon.html&docid=o4S3G0AXLMh5QM&imgurl=http://www.postcardman.net/200046.jpg&w=430&h=281&ei=QAxJUt2kAojMyQGJ3IHwBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:76,s:0,i:314&iact=rc&page=3&tbnh=181&tbnw=270&start=69&ndsp=41&tx=108&ty=97&biw=1920&bih=938
http://www.google.com.sb/imgres?start=519&sa=X&hl=en&sout=0&tbm=isch&tbnid=9EbDTUHmmUDurM:&imgrefurl=http://www.greatsouthernroute.com/captains-log/sovereign-state-of-oceania/&docid=UV2WVG7LF-i_KM&imgurl=http://www.greatsouthernroute.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/SOL0421.jpg&w=510&h=344&ei=JQ1JUqSUKIapyAHO5oCwBA&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:60,s:500,i:184&iact=rc&page=14&tbnh=184&tbnw=255&ndsp=43&tx=135&ty=91&biw=1920&bih=938
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http://epress.anu.edu.au/apps/bookworm/view/An+Otago+Storeman+in+Solomon+Islands/10011/ch03.html
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• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti
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