protégé as a bridge between the terminology and ......information model are represented • must...
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Protégé as a Bridge Between the Terminology and Information
Model BoundaryPresentation to the 6th Annual
Protégé User’s Group
Harold SolbrigChristopher Chute MD DrPHMedical Informatics Research
Mayo Clinic
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July 8, 2003 © Copyright 2003, Mayo Clinic, All Rights Reserved, May not be Distributed without Permission 2
Aspects of Information
• Terminology
• Information Model
• Processing Model
• Implementation Model
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‘Terminology’From a Medical Context
• A list of code / values
• A classification scheme designed for a specialized purpose
• ICD-9-CM• CPT-4• ...
• A full-fledged ‘ontology’ with associated terms, definitions, synonyms & the like
• GALEN• SNOMED-CT
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ICD-9-CM Sample
Example
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SNOMED-CT Sample
Clue Browser
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Terminology
• Represents a cross section of some ‘reality’
• Defines the meaning of the symbols or tokens used in various forms of discourse
• Information rich, fractal and expanding
• Managed with a variety of tools and techniques such as DL’s graphical browsers, lexical searches, etc.
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Terminology
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Information Model
• Selects the subset of the ‘real world’ to be discussed in a given context
• Utilizes elements in the terminology
• Tacit or explicit agreements on what is to be:• Ignored• Refined• Expanded and augmented
• Extends the terminology model with non-definitional characteristics
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Information Model
Patient
Patient Id: <String>Patient Name: <String>Height: <Observation>Weight: <Observation>
Drug: <orderable drug>Amount: <quantity>Frequency: <time interval>
Order
Pharmacy Orders
0..n
1
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Processing Model
• References Information Model Elements and Instances
• Extends the Terminology Model with non-definitional knowledge
• Distinction is not clear• Continues to augment and build
terminology
• Defines the rules for state changes in instances of the information model.
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Implementation Model
• Defines how instances of the information model are represented
• Must be consistent with terminology, information and processing models
• Many possible ways to represent the same:
• Symbols or tokens• Information• Processing rules
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Dependencies(Borrowing heavily from RM-ODP)
Terminology
Information Model Processing Model
Implementation Model
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Linking Terminology and the Information Model
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How Do We Link...
Patient
Patient Id: <String>Patient Name: <String>Height: <Observation>Weight: <Observation>
Drug: <orderable drug>Amount: <quantity>Frequency: <time interval>
Order
Pharmacy Orders
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Linking at the Attribute Level
Patient
Patient Id: <String>Patient Name: <String>Height: <Observation>Weight: <Observation>
Drug: <orderable drug>Amount: <quantity>Frequency: <time interval>
Order
Pharmacy Orders
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Linking The Terminology and Information Model
full_immunization
See: Expression/Criterion/Presence_criterion/Intervention_presence_criterion
See: Terminological_concept/Procedure/Hep_B vs. First Hep_B
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Linking Only at the Attribute LevelIssues
• Information model begins to resemble terminology model (surprise...)
• Structures may not align
• Nodes may be misinterpreted
• May make it impossible to correctly connect to the implementation...
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Linking Only at the Attribute Level
Coded Concept: immunization consentValue: refused
How does this correspond to: no consent - Hemophilusinfluenzae type B immunization?
How about not( full consent for immunizations) ?
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The Solution
• Terminology and the Information Model need to be “joined at the hip”
• Terminology provides definitions for all parts of the information model
• Information model and terminology definitions can be tested for compatibility
• Information model serves to validate and extend the terminology
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Linking at All Levels
Patient
Patient Id: <String>Patient Name: <String>Height: <Observation>Weight: <Observation>
Drug: <orderable drug>Amount: <quantity>Frequency: <time interval>
Order
Pharmacy Orders
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Example
Link
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Approach
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Proposed Approach
Protégé
CTS
ExternalTerminology
Back End
CTS
ExternalTerminology
Protégé API
CTS
External Apps
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Common Terminology ServicesCTS
• Proposed HL7 Standard
• Common Browsing and Runtime API to Terminology Content
• Enables heterogeneous implementations
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The Opportunity
• Protégé provides a setting that allows the terminology model, the information model and the process model to co-exist in one common interface
• Terminology model: Protégé / classifiers and other ontology editing tools
• Information model: Protégé / UML • Processing model: Protégé / UML / ...• Implementation model: ?
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Acknowledgements
NLM 1R01LM007319-01A1"Development and Evaluation of Terminology Services"
NIST FAA 70NANB1H3049“Standards-Based Sharable Active Guideline Environment”