Kingdom Protista

Sexual reproduction

Phylum Euglenophyta – with both plant and animal characteristics

(Euglenoids, plantimals)

Euglena viridis- unicellular form

Phacus

Trachelomonas – non-motile form

Cyst stage- thick dormant stage when conditions become unfavorable or adverse

Economic importance:

Producers of aquatic environment

Food for aquatic animals Increase oxygen

concentration Indicators of water

pollution

Vaucheria

Phylum Chrysophyta – yellow green algae

Coenocytic, monoecious, homothallic

Oogonium -female

Antheridium- male

Oogamy- fusion of large non-motile egg cell and small motile sperm cell

Oospore – diploid product of oogamy

Synura- equally biflagellated

Ochromonas- unequally biflagellated

Chrysamoeba radians - uniflagellated

Dinobryon

Diatoms–Jewels of the algal world

Epitheca – upper valve

Hypotheca- lower valve

cingulum

Diatom cell

Centric diatom – marine and radially symmetrical

Pennate – fresh water species,

motile, bilateral symmetry

Polar nodule

Median raphe

Lateral ridges

Polar nodule

Economic importance

Diatomaceous earth –

piles of dead silicious walls of diatoms

Soundproofing materials Metal polish Petroleum products Toothpaste

Phylum Pyrrophyta = causal agent for “Red TIDE”

epicone

hypocone

Transverse groove

Whiplash - pushing

Tinsel- rotating

Noctiluca Ceratium – little horn

Economic importance

Red tide – algal bloomColor the water reddish

brownProduces a toxin –

satitoxinPSP – paralytic shellfish

poisoning

Most diverse among the algae

Phylum Chlorophyta – green algae

With chl a and b Starch Cellulosic cell wall Starch – reserved food

Different thalli organization 1. Unicellular

Chlamydomonas – with cup shaped chloroplast

Cosmarium –

Commonly called desmid

semi cells

Ulva lactuca-

Sea lettuce

2. Parenchymatous – one cell (paper-like) thick

Udotea= calcareous green alga

3. siphonous, tubular,coenocytic

Enteromorpha intestinalis-

“Bitukang manok”

edible

Hydrodictyon, coenocytic, siphonous

Caulerpa taxipholia, Caulerpa racemosa –

commonly called ar-arosep. Edible green algae, rich in iodine and minerals

4. Calcareous – cell wall encrusted with calcium carbonate

Halimeda

Halicoryne

Acetabularia –

mermaids wine glass

Gametangial rays

Oedogonium – branched filamentous green algae

5. filamentous

zygospore

Spirogyra – spiral-shaped chloroplast

Spirogyra – scalariform conjugation

Spiral-shaped chloroplast

Conjugation tube

Ulothrix- H-shaped chloroplast

6. Colonial - coenobic Colony with specific number of unicells

Gonium – coenobic colonial

Pandorina

Phylum Charophyta – brittle worts, stone worts

Reproductive organ of Chara

Oogonium and antheridium

-multicellular

-Protected with sterile jacket cells

Phylum Phaeophyta – Brown algae

Multicellular Marine Fucoxanthin – brown pigment Mannitol – reserved food Alginic acid- for commercial

purposes

Alternation of Generation

Two phases of life cycle

Gametophyte – haploid sexual phase produces gametes

Sporophyte – diploid asexual phase produces spores

Three classes

Class Isogenerate= G(n) and S(2n) are morphologically the same

Class Heterogenerate= G(n) and S(2n) are morphologically different.

Class Cyclosporae= no alternation of generation

Fucus – rock weed

Sargassum –

Gulf weed

Blade – leafike

Stipe- stem like

Rhizoids – root

like

Floats- berry like

Padina Dictyota Colpomenia

Economic importance1. source of alginic acid2. source of sulfated polysaccharides such as

fucoidan and fucans

Phylum Rhodophyta – Red algae

Marine Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin Floridean starch/floridosides Triphasic life cycle

Polysiphonia with antheridia

Carpogonia (carposporophyte) with carpospores

Polysiphonia terasporphyte with tetraspores

Corallina, lime-encrusted red alga

Porphyra nereocystis

Amphiroa HalymeniaSebdenia

Gelidium purpurascens,

The agar (the stuff in petri dishes to stiffen bacteria food, also found in puddings, jellies, mayonnaise, and laxatives) containing seaweed . This seaweed is not purple, but bright red, and very useful economically.