protists kingdom protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. are protists eukaryotes or...
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Protists
Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
Are protists eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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Protists
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.
• Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi.
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Protists
• Animal-like protists consume other organisms.
– heterotrophs – single-celled
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Protists
• Plantlike protists are photosynthetic.
– single-celled, colonial, or multicellular– no roots, stems, or leaves
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Protists
• Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms.
– heterotrophs – can move, whereas fungi cannot
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Protists
Protists are difficult to classify.
• Protista is one kingdom in the domain Eukarya.
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Protists
• Protist classification will likely change.
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Protists
II. Animal-like Protists Animal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.
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Protists
Animal-like protists move in various ways.
• Animal-like protists are often called protozoa.
macronucleus
food vacuole
oral groove
micronucleus
contractile vacuole
cilia
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Protists
• Some protozoa move with flagella
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Protists
• Some protists move with pseudopods.– change shape as they move – amoebas, for example
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Protists
• Some protozoa move with cilia.
macronucleus
food vacuole
oral groove
micronucleus
contractile vacuole
cilia
– cilia help protists swim and capture food
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Protists
Paramecia have contractile vacuoles to expel excess water. To avoid an obstacle, they back up, and move away in an avoidance reaction.
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Protists
Some animal-like protists cause disease.
sporozoiteshuman liver
liver cells
developedparasites
red bloodcells
• Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes.
Malaria Infection
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Protists
Trypanosoma causes African sleeping sickness
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Protists
Giardia is contracted from contaminated water
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Protists
Protozoa can be beneficial
• One protozoan lives inside termites, digests wood.
• Both species benefit, so this is called mutualism.
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Protists
III. Plantlike ProtistsAlgae are plantlike protists.Plantlike protists can be single-celled or multicellular.
colonycolony
daughter colonydaughter colony
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Protists
Daughter colonies leaving the mother colony.
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Protists
A. Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists.
pellicle
nucleus
chloroplast
eye spot
contractilevacuole
flagellum
– mostly photosynthetic, have one or two flagella
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Protists
• Euglena moves toward the light, which is known as a positive phototropism.
• Has a red eyespot, which is light sensitive
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Protists
B. Dinoflagellates are marine plantlike protists.
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates
–may be bioluminescent – can cause red tide
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Protists
Noctiluca scintillans
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Protists
C. Diatoms are plantlike protists with shells.
– shells made of silica – produce large amounts of oxygen
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Protists
More diatoms
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Protists
• Multicellular algae are classified by their pigments.
– Green algae – Brown algae – Red algae
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Protists
Red algae is used to make agar, food thickener, and medicine capsules.
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Protists
Spirogyra : a type of green algae
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Protists
IV. Fungus-like protists
• include slime molds and water molds • decomposers, like fungi • can move, like animals
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Protists
• Slime molds
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Protists
• Water molds are freshwater, funguslike protists.
– one type of water mold caused Great Potato Famine
of Ireland in the 1800’s – made of branching strands of cells – can be parasites of plants or fish