PROV-Ontology(PROV-O)

Satya Sahoo, Khalid Belhajjame , James Cheney , Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo , Deborah McGuinness ,

Stephan Zednik, Stian Soiland-Reyes.

W3C Provenance Working Group

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Index of contents

Index:

1. Background

2. Classes

3. Object properties• Core binary relationships• Common binary relationships• N-Ary relationships

• Journalism example

• Exploitation

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Background

PROV-0

• OWL –RL encoding of the PROV-DM • Scalable reasoning without sacrificing too much expressive power.

• Special focus on simplicity and flexibility.

• Designed for extensibility.

• Made to facilitate provenance interoperability in the web

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Core classes

1.Elements: Nodes of the provenance graph

I. Entity• Agent• Organization• Person• System

• PlanII. Activity

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Core object properties

Edges of the provenance graph

1. :activity1 prov:used :entity1 .2. :entity2 prov:wasGeneratedBy :activity1 .3. :activity1 prov:wasAssociatedWith :agent1;

   prov:wasStartedBy :agent1;   prov:wasEndedBy :agent2 .

4. :entity2 prov:wasDerivedFrom :entity1 .5. :agent1 prov:actedOnBehalfOf :agent2 .6. :activity2 prov:wasInformedBy :activity1 .7. :activity2 prov:wasStartedByActivity :activity1 .

:activity1 a prov:Activity.:activity2 a prov:Activity.:entity1 a prov:Entity .:entity2 a prov:Entity .:agent1 a prov:Person, prov:Agent, prov:Entity .:agent2 a prov:Organization, prov:Agent, prov:Entity

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Common object properties

Common relationships on the semantic web

1. :entity1 prov:wasAttributedTo :agent1.

2. :entity2 prov:wasQuotedFrom :entity1 .

3. :entity2 prov:hadOriginalSource :entity1 .

4. :entity2 prov:wasRevisionOf :entity1 .

5. :entity2 prov:wasSummaryOf :entity1 .

6. :entity2 prov:tracedTO :entity1 .

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N-Ary relationships

• Most of the PROV-DM relationships are qualified.Qualifying attributes examples:• Roles• Location• Time• Etc.

• Modeled through prov:Involvement class

element1Involvement

element2

Binary Relationship

prov:involved Prov:entity/prov:activity

role location time Otherattributes

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Journalism Example

• All binary relationships point towards the past

wasAssociatedWith

AliceDataSet

(D1)

OpenOfficeCalc(S1)

SatisticalAssumptions

(stats1)

Chart (C1)

Chart MakingActivity

used used used

wasGeneratedBy

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Journalism Example

• All binary relationships point towards the past

wasAssociatedWith

AliceDataSet

(D1)

OpenOfficeCalc(S1)

SatisticalAssumptions

(stats1)

Chart (C1)

Chart MakingActivity

used used used

wasGeneratedBy

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Journalism Example

• Example as RDF/Turtle:

:Alice a prov:Entity, prov:Agent, prov:Person example:Journalist .

:d1 a example:Dataset, prov:Entity ; rdfs:label “Data set".

:c1 a example:Chart, prov:Entity; rdfs:label “Chart C1”.; example:fileSize “123424”; prov:wasGeneratedBy : chartMaking.

:chartMaking a prov:Activity, example:MakingActivity; rdfs:label “Making the chart”; prov:wasAssociatedWith :Alice; prov:used :d1.

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Journalism Example: qualifying relationships

• If we want to add extra information to the usage:

: chartMaking a prov:Activity, example:MakingActivity; rdfs:label “Making the chart”; prov:wasAssociatedWith :Alice; prov:involved :u1; prov:used :d1.

:r1 a prov:Role, example:ReferenceRole; rdfs:label “The entity was used as reference in

the creation activity”.

:u1 a prov:Usage, prov:Involvement; prov:entity :d1; prov:hadRole :r1; prov:occurredAt [a prov:TimeInstant;

prov:inXSDDateTime “2011-09-19T19:05:40-07:00”].

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Exploitation

SPARQL queries:

1. What was used to create the chart C1?

• SELECT ?usedElement WHERE{:C1 prov:wasGeneratedBy ?p.?p prov:used ?usedElement. }

2. Who was associated to the chart making process that led to C1?

• SELECT ?agent WHERE{ :C1 prov:wasGeneratedBy ?p. ?p prov:wasAssociatedTo ?agent.}

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Exploitation (2)

SPARQL queries:

1. At what time was D1 used in the process that led to C1?

SELECT ?t WHERE{ :C1 prov:wasGeneratedBy ?p. ?p prov:prov:used :D1. ?p prov:involved ?usage. ?usage a prov:Usage. ?usage prov:entity :D1. ?usage prov:occurredAt ?t.}

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References

References:

1. Prov DM: http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/default/model/ProvenanceModel.html

2. ProvRDF: http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvRDF

3. Primer: http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/primer/Primer.html

4. Best practices document: http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/prov/raw-file/tip/bestpractices/BestPractices.html

5. OWL-RL: http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-profiles/#Feature_Overview_3

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Acknowledgements

Special Thanks to:

W3C Provenance Working GroupSemantic Web Activity

World Wide Web Consortiumwww.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki

Contributing members: Reza B'Far, Khalid Belhajjame, James Cheney, Sam Coppens, Stephen Cresswell, Helena Deus, Simon Dobson, Kai Eckert, James Frew, Irini Fundulaki, Yolanda Gil, Paul Groth, Olaf Hartig, Sandro Hawke, Ralph Hodgson, Graham Klyne, Michael Lang, Timothy Lebo, James McCusker, Deborah McGuinness, Simon Miles, Paolo Missier, Luc Moreau, James Myers, Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Carl Reed, Christine Runnegar, Satya Sahoo, Yogesh Simmhan, Stian Soiland-Reyes, Eric Stephan, Ed Summers, Ted Thibodeau, Curt Tilmes, Stephan Zednik andJun Zhao.

PROV-Ontology(PROV-O)

Satya Sahoo, Khalid Belhajjame , James Cheney , Daniel Garijo, Timothy Lebo , Deborah McGuinness ,

Stephan Zednik, Stian Soiland-Reyes.

W3C Provenance Working Group