providing context for reuse
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Providing Context for Reuse
Ian Douglas, Ph.D.Ian Douglas, Ph.D.
Knowledge Communities Research GroupKnowledge Communities Research Group
Learning Systems InstituteLearning Systems Institute
Florida State UniversityFlorida State University
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Background
• This presentation will focus on a research project conducted by the Knowledge Communities Research Group (KCRG) part of the Learning Systems Institute at Florida State University
• Project funded initially to look at analysis support technology
• Extended to look at models for future technology to support a whole system approach – Net-centric Performance Improvement (NET-PI)
• Army sponsor - Army Training Information Systems Directorate, Director Mr. Frank Polster
• Has involved collaboration with the Coast Guard and Navy performance analysis teams, and ADL Job Performance Technology Center
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The problem
• How can you best use technology to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the whole performance improvement process?
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SCOs
Reuse (objects) in Current Thinking
Analysis
Construction
Deployment
Evaluation
Analysis Document
Design Document
Evaluation Document
Design
S1000D
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The Technology silo problem
LMS
LMS LMS
Digital Storage
Proprietary Data Formats
ProprietaryData Formats
ProprietaryData Formats
Solution Providers
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The Solution Provider (horizontal) Silo
Tech Documents
Training Human Factors
Digital Storage
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Solution Providers
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There are lots of solutions toperformance problems
– Navy Human Performance Center analysts have “seen that 83% of performance improvement issues cannot be solved with training and require other solutions.” Capt Matt Peters, reported in Performance Express newsletter
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Solutions directed to the environment Solutions directed to the person
• Clear standards• Performance expectations• Timely feedback• Accurate job descriptions• Knowledge management system• Software tools• Hardware• Materials• Safe work environment• Mobile computing• Checklists• Flowcharts• Procedural manuals• Decision aids• Work samples• Process reengineering• Cultural change • Financial incentives• Non-financial incentives• Recognition programs• Benefits• Development/advancement opportunities• Documentation• Help system• Orientation• Benchmarking
• Coaching• Mentoring• Monitoring• Simulations• Training
o Instructor led instructiono Computer-based trainingo Web-based trainingo On-the-job training
• Physical capacity• Mental capacity• Emotional capacity• Selection criteria• Psychometric testing• Competencies• Leadership development• Self-motivation
Performance Approach requires a consideration of all potential interventions
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The Vertical Silo
Solution Developers
Analysts Evaluators
Digital Storage
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Solution Providers
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Solving the Stovepipe Problem
• Technology• Culture Change• Shared databases (single point of
reference)• Standards for digital storage and access
SCORM, SD1000, CORDRA
Focus on Front-end performance analysis
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Net-PI: Solving the Problem
• Focus on the required results and consider the full range of solutions
• Implement a model for a single software system for performance analysis from which all solution development must derive
• Extend this model into a complete web-based system for performance improvement
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Performance approach founded on sound up-front analysis
Important Issues:
Good measures for performance are importantGap and cause analysis should not be conducted with a specific intervention in mindA full range of potential interventions should be considered
A simplified view of the front-end performance analysis process
Desired on-the-jobPerformance
Performance Gap
Actual on-the-jobPerformance
CauseAnalysis
GAP ANALYSIS
SolutionSelection
What do the best performers achieve?
What do typical performers achieve?
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AOOPA: Single web-based collaborative system for front-end performance analysis
If it makes sense to have standards for digital solutions it also makes sense to have a standard for the capturing
knowledge about the performance problems the solutions are intended to address
Analysis Knowledge Repository
Equipment Procurement
Training courses
Processengineering
Tech Documents
Interface design
Web Sites
Job Aids Software Tools
Solution Repositories
Front-end Analysis
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Analysis Objects: proposed core unit of shared performance analysis knowledge
Conformant with existing standardsMeta-Data
Means of accessing the digital solutions objects related to the recommended intervention
Unique IDs of solutions
Statement of a proposed intervention that is directly related to the root cause at hand.
Recommended Intervention
Statement of proposed root cause that is affecting optimal performance. Cause
Quantifiable criteria or measure for acceptable performance.Indicator
Difference between current and optimal performance.Gap Statement
The desired achievement, behavior, or output that occurs.Performance Goal
The performer that is the focus of the performance analysis process. Primary Role
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DEMO
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Solution Objects
Objects throughout the Processes
Front-EndPerformanceAnalysis
Construction
Evaluation
Analysis Objects
Evaluation Objects
Knowledge of why the solution object was created, whatProblems it solved and
how effective it has proved, is important
contextual knowledge
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InterService Silo problem
Coast Guard
Navy <add your unit>
Digital Storage
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
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Configurability is a key feature
• Software systems should be configured to suit the way people work
• Modern software architectures allow this possibility (by separating the data, business rules, and presentation layers)
• Our research of this issue involved the creation and evaluation of three proof-of-concept prototypes: generic, Coast Guard, and Navy prototypes
• The prototypes demonstrate how to extend a core architecture to the specific way of working in different services
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Proof-of-concept prototypes
Each prototype focuses on the basic performance analysis model (gap analysis, cause analysis, and intervention selection). The specifics: look and feel, steps in the process, add-on tools terminology are customized to different user groups
Visual models of performance role and goals are used as a structure for:• Brainstorming• Data collection• Navigation
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One Performance Improvement System
The stovepipe problem
Solution Developers
Analysts Evaluators
Digital Storage
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
Tools/methodsInfo Formats
One Standards-BasedEnterprise IT Support System
CORDRA based repository
Net-Centric PI
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Summary
• Presentation provided an overview of a research project on technology that supports knowledge reuse and sharing throughout the organizational performance improvement
• Analysis and Evaluation Data Provide important contextual knowledge for those who might reuse an existing solution.
• The Net-PI prototype provides a working model for enterprise-level software that supports the complete management of performance
• A vision of one system of compatible tools and standards to break down all the silos
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Learn more at: www.lpg.fsu.edu/KCRG/