provocative therapy

8/10/2019 Provocative Therapy

1/12

OALS

he

Provocati ve Therapi st attempts to

create

both posi ti ve

and

negati ve

f fecti ve experi ences i n an effort to provoke the

cl i ent

to engage

i n

i f ferent types of behavi our

To aff i rmsel f

worth

PROVOCATIVE TH R PY

To assert themel ves

appropri atel y,

both i n task

performances

and

el ati onshi ps

_ To defend themel ves,

real i sti cal l y

and

appropri atel y,

agai nst

the

xcessi vel y negati ve

defi ni ti ons

of them

by signi f i cant

others

_

Psycho-soci al real i ty testi ng

_ Communicati ng, wth

authenti ci ty

and immediacy, posi ti ve messages to

thers of warmh, cari ng,

fri endshi p,

cari ng, sexual

attracti on, l ove

s these are experi enced by the cl i ent

UMPTIONS

Peopl e change and grow i n response to a chal l enge

C i ents can change i f they choose

The psychol ogi cal fragi l i ty of

cl i ents has been

vastl y

overrated

both

y

themel ves

and others

The cl i ent s maladapti ve, unproducti ve,

anti soci al atti tudes

and

behav-

ours

can

be drasti cal l y al tered whatever the

degree

or

severi ty

of

hroni ci ty_

C i ents have far more potenti al

for

achi evi ng

adapti ve, producti ve, and

oci al i zed

modes of

l i vi ng

than they and most

cl i ni ci ans

assume

Adul t or current experi ences are

as at

l east

i f

not more si gni f i cant

han

chi l dhood

or

previ ous experi ences

i n

shapi ng cl i ent

val ues,

operat-

onal

atti tudes

and behaviours_

The cl i ent s behavi our

wth

the

therapi st i s

a rel ati vel y

accurate

f l ecti on

of

hi s/her

habi tual pattern of soci al and

i nterpersonal

rel at-

onshi ps

Peopl e make sense ; the human

animal

i s exqui si tel y

l ogi cal and

under-

andabl e

The

j udi ci ous

expressi on

of

tough l ove toward

the

cl i ent can

markedl y

enefi t himor her_

The

more

important

messages between peopl e

are

nonverbal I t i s

not

i s sai d, but how

i t i s

sai d that

i s

cruci al


2/12

CENTRAL HYPOTHESES :

CAUTI ONS

:

REFERENCES

_ I f

provoked by the therapi st (humorousl y,

percepti vel y, and wthi n

the cl i ent s own i nternal frame of

reference), the cl i ent wl l tend

to

move i n the opposi te

di recti on

from

the therapi st s defi ni ti on

or

the cl i ent as a person

(Sel f-Concept)

2_

f

urged provocati vel y (humorousl y

and

percepti vel y) by the th m

pi st

to

conti nue

hi s

or her

sel f-defeati ng,

devi ant behaviour, the

cl i ent wl l tend

to

engage i n sel f-

and other-enhanci ng behaviours

wzich more cl osel y

approximate

the

societal

norm

(Behavi our)

Cari ng i s crucial The therapi st s own i nternal questi on

must

be :

How

woul d say thi s

to

my

very

best fri end?

Laughter i s an essenti al i ngredi ent

f

your cl i ent i s

not l aughi ng

at

l east

some time duri ng the i ntervi ew

i t

i s not

Provocati ve

Therapy

Get

yoursel f i nto warm

cari ng, l ovi ng

space

before

the

i ntervi ew

Provocati ve Therapy

by

Frank Farrel l y

and Jeff

Brandsma

Meta Publ i cati ons

:

Cal i forni a,

1974

2

Chapter

enti tl ed Humor

i n

Provocati ve Therapy ,

i n

Handbook of Humor

i n

Psychotherap

~

by

Wl l i am

Fry

and Wal eed

Salameh,

Eds

. , 1988

3

Chapter

on


i n

the Handbook of

I nnovati ve

Psycho

therapi es

Raymond

Corsini ,

Ed_

;

Frank

Farrel l y

wth Scott

Matthews,

Wl ey

and

Sons,

1981


3/12

CHANGNG BEH VIOUR

We need to avoi d pai n

and

seek

pl easure However,

we

are

not

dri ven

by

real i ty, but

by

our

percepti on of real i ty i

.e

our

fear that

somethingwl l

l ead

to

pai n

or bel i ef that

certai n

acti ons

wl l lead to pl easure)

TO

CHANGE

BEHAVIOUR,

YOU

MUST CH NGE WH T

YOU

LINK

P IN ND

PLEASURE

TO_ To

change

focus

on : i )

Hownot

changi ng

wl l be

mre

pai nful

than

changi ng

i i ) How

changi ng wl l

bri ng you

pl easure

NEURO-ASSOCIATI VE CONDTIONNG

HOW

TOCH NGE

NYTHNGIN

YOUR

LIFE

Deci de what

you real l y want

and

what s

preventi ng

you

from

having

i t now

2 Get LEVERAGE: ssoci ate

massi ve

pai n

to

not

changi ng

nowand

massi ve

pl easure

to the

experi ence

of changi ng now

Fi nd l ots of reasons for

the

change

3

I nterrupt

the

l imti ng

pattern

One of the key

di sti ncti ons to i nterrupti ng

a

pattern i s that

you

must

do i t i n the

moment the pattern i s

recurri ng

4

Create a new

empoweri ng

al ternati ve

5

Condi ti on

the newpattern

unti l i t i s consi stent

Rehearse

the new

behaviours

wth

tremendous

emti onal

i ntensi ty

Remember,

your

brai n can t

tel l

the

di ffere>>ce

between

somethi ng

you

vi vi dl y imagi ne

and somethi ng

you

actual l y

experi ence

Rei nforce

the

desi red

behavi our immediatel y_

Uti l i ze f i xed

and

vari abl e schedul es of rei nforcement

6

Test

i t

Ecology

Study the

consequences of

adopti ng

t ~~ new

pattern

for

you

and those

around

you

From

Anthony

:obbins,

Awaken

the Gant

Wthi n

1991,

pp

. 128-155


4/12

Law of Requi si te

Vari ety :

I n any system

whether of

humans

of

machi nes

the

i ndi vi dual

wth

the

wdest

range

of responses wl l

control

the system

The

U ti mate

i _e.

what

say unti l you get

what you

want_

Communi cati on

7

of i mpact i s

determned

by

verbal

content

.

8~

of i mpact i s

determned

by voi ce tonal i ty

55~

of i mpact

i s-determned

by

body

l anguage

(posture,

contact)_

he

You

responses

Four

have a

Stages of

1_

2_

3_

4

Al though

thi s

stage

earn the

most

Success

Formul a

:

1_ OUTCOME

2 ACTI ON

3

SENSORY

ACU TY

Noti ce

4

FLEXIBI LITY

: Change

unti l _ . _

F

desi red outcome for the

communi cati on_ You noti ce

you

are

getti ng, and you keep

changi ng what you do

or

Learni ng :

:

Knowwhat you

Unconsci ous

I ncompetence

Consci ous

I ncompetence

Consci ous

Unconsci ous Competence

i s

uncomortabl e, i t i s

Competence

Rul es

of Bri ef Therapy

f romde Shazer) :

ul e

Number l : I f

i t

works,

don' t

f i x i t

ul e

Number 2 I f

you

f i nd what

ul e Number

3 : I f what you

are

t , do

somethi ng di f ferent

herapy )

want

resul ts

s

uc

Habi t

the stage

works,

do more of i t

.

doing i sn' t worki ng don' t

I n

Farrel l y' s term

i nvent

(feedback)

gestures,

do

where

eye

you

of

ore

another


5/12

PARADOXICAL

I NTERVENTIONS

l

REDEFINNG /

REFRAMNG I nvol ves a

shi ft

i n

the

meani ng

of

the

probl em so

that

behavi our

that

was

once vi ewed

as

negati ve i s now

vi ewed

as posi ti ve

What

makes reframng

so

powerful

i s

that

one

cannot

(as i n

the

faml i ar

f i gure-ground reversal ) return to one s former vi ewof

real i ty_

2

SYMPTOMPRESCRIPTION

The cl i ent

i s

di rected to performthe

probl em

behaviour

del i beratel y

or i n some cases even to exaggerate

i t

PARADOXICAL

TNTENTION was

defi ned

by

Vi ctor

Frankl

as a procedure i n

whose

framework

pati ents

are encouraged to do, ~r wsh

f or

the very

thi ngs

they fear al bei t

wth tongue i n cheek I n fact an i ntegral

el ement i n paradoxical

i ntenti on

i s

the del i berate evocati on of

humour_

C i ents

encouraged to do

MORE

OF THE SAME

.

3 RESTRAINNG I nhi bi ti ng

change

Encouragi ng cl i ent

to

change

sl owy, sl ower

than s/he

wshes

Stressing

the

negati ve consequences of

changi ng or urgi ng them

to

consi der careful l y the

benef i ts of remai ni ng j ust as they are

Predi cti ng/prescri bi ng

a rel apse

4 POSITIONNG

Therapi st agrees

wth,

and even exaggerates

cl i ent s

negati ve

posi ti on,

i n order

to

encourage

them to shi f t f rom

thi s

posi ti on

5 UTILI ZATION TECHNQUES Approach

pi oneered

by Eri ckson

Rather

than

bei ng a sef i of speci fi c

strategi es,

entai l s

a parti cul ar way of

l ooki ng

at

cl i ent probl em

behavi our and usi ng that behaviour

i n the

servi ce of change Accepti ng

what cl i ents bri ng

to

therapy usi ng

the-

cl i ent s exi sti ng moti vati on, bel i efs, ar. 3 behavi our to l ead to change

Respond to

the response you get fromcl i ents, rather

than sti cki ng to

the

game pl an Every

response

can

be uti l i zed i n

some way to l ead the

cl i ent nearer

to

the goal

BASIC APPROACH HAVE THEMDOWHAT

THEY RE

ALREFDY DONG EUT DO

I T I N

A

DRECTION

WHY

PARADOXICAL

APPROACHES

WORK

1

Creates a

THERAPEUTIC DOUBLE BIND

I n effect,

the cl i ent

cannot

fai l

i n

hi s/her efforts,

because

the

al ternati ves are

wn/wn

2

I t

creates a shi ft

i n

the cl i ent s

percepti on of

hi s/her symptom

3 To request that they conti nue what

they re

al ready doi ng

doesn t

compound the probl em

whereas

many other sol uti ons do

The

tri ck

i s

to

put yoursel f i n thei r pl ace, to understand

thei r

l anguage,

to speak

i n thei r l anguage

unti l

i t

makes sense

I f

thei r

choi ces

don t

make

sense,

you

don t

understand them

Whst we

cal l

paradox

i s

the

way peopl e see the worl d. (Greenwald)

T , ~~

~

~

~

~

COMPLIANCE-BASED

Works because they fol l owprescri pti oni srupts

cycl e

DEFIANCE-BASED Works

because

they defy eg J o

Neal


6/12

Robi n

Hai g,

he

Anatomy

of

Humor

1988_1

Andagai n :

HUMOUR

ND

PSY HOTHER PY

Dr

awrence

Kubi e

1971) , a hi ghl y

r egar ded psychoanal yst ,

condemned

a l l use

of

humour i n

psychot her apy

as

i nev i t a b l y

dest r uct i ve

Kubi e

ar gued

t h a t t he use

of

humour coul d di v er t t he p at i ent s stream

of

f e el i ng and

t hought f r o m

s pont aneous

channel s,

a c t as a

def ence agai nst

t he p at i ent s

a n x i e t i e s ,

l ead t o

doubt s

about t he

t h e r a p i s t s s e r i o us n es s ,

d i s t o r t

t r ansf er ence

phenomena,

and

bl unt t he

v i gi l a nc e

of

sel f - observi ng mechani s ms

Robi n

Hai g, i n hi s st udi es

on

humour ,

f ound t h a t 96

of

p a t i e n t s f e l t

b e t t e r

i f

t hey sawa

humorous s i d e t o t h e i r probl em

whi l s t

94 ound that

humour hel ped i f t hey were

f ee l i ng down

Hai g

o f f e r s

t he

f ol l owi ng adv i c e t o

t h e r a p i s t s

about

t he

use

of

humour i n

t her apy

:

I n a

s i t u a t i o n i n whi ch

humour

i s

i nt r oduced

by t he

t h e r a p i s t

i n

t he formof a humorous

c omment ,

j oke

or anecdot e,

i t

i s i mport ant t o appr eci at e t he pot e nt i a l l y

const r uct i ve

and

dest ruct i ve aspect s of

humour

and)

t o

onl y i nt roduce

a c t i v e

humour

t b a p a t i ent who

i s l r nown i s

somedept h

by t he

t h e r a p i s t and

a t

an

appr opri at e t i me ,

and

t o

pr ecede

t he a c t i v e humour

wi t h

a

p l a y s i g n a l ( a l t e r a t i o n

of

t one

of voi ce,

f a c i a l

expr ess i on,

or ot her

f o r m

of body

l anguage)

or t o i nf ormt he p a t i ent t h a t

t h i s

i s a

f unny

story

or j oke

I f t he p a t i e nt accept s t he pl ay s i gna l , t hen t he t h er a p i s t

may

pr oceed, but

t hen he shoul d

cl osel y moni t or

t he

response

of t he

p a t i ent

.

Cons i der t he f ol l owi ng st at ement s by F a r r e l l y

on

humour

:

Humor i s compel l i ng and i n f l u e n t i a l I t

has

i mpact

I t

changes

peopl e s m nds We

suspect

i t s

compel l i ng

qual i t y c omes

f r o m

t he deepl y paradoxi cal nat ure of our exi st ence

peopl e

ar emore suggest i bl e

and compl i ant

dur i ng

t he

orgasm

of

l aught er

Wsuspect

t h a t

ahumor ous st at ement i s j u s t a s l i k e l y

t o be

r emember ed

as a seri ous

s t at ement

Humor

cont i nues

t o i n f l uenc e us over

t i me. p . 9 9 )

I n

psyc hot her apy,

t he t h er a p i s t deal s wi t h pai n and s u f f e r i n g ,

pr obl ems t h a t often have

t r a g i c

consequences

f or t he c l i ent

and

hi s or her s i g n i f i c a n t

ot her s

However ,

t he t r a g i c

mask al one does no t adequat el y

symbol i ze

t he

human condi t i on :

t he

provocat i ve

t h e r a p i s t

hol ds that t he addi t i on of t he

c o m c

mask i s necessary t o more compl et el y

r e f l ec t

t he

e n t i r e t y

of

our l i v e s and

st r uggl es And l aught er i s t he sound

of victory . ( p

. 92)

( F a r r e l l y

and

Br ands ma, Pr ovocat i ve

Ther anv

1974)


7/12

R NK

F RRELLY

acsw

THE

LONDONSOC ETY

FOR

ERI CKSON ANPSYCHOTHER PYND

HYPNOSIS

REVEW

OFPROVOC TIVETHER PYWORKSHOP

OCT 14-15, 1989

GVEN

~BYFR NKF RRELLY

CSW

T

OXFORD ENGL NDOCTOBER

14-15

1989

WRTTEN

BY

GR H M

D WES

Not l ong ago

R chard Bandl er cal l ed

Frank Farr el l y the w l dest

cl i ni ci an

have

ever seen. Was Far r el l y goi ng t o be too w l d f or Engl and? The f ear t hat

he

mght

be put the

brake on

P h i l i p Booth s

eagerness

t o

i nvi t e hi mover

f or

a

workshop However, he has nowbeen here and

Engl and survi ved

Phi l i p s

cauti on was not unreasonabl e,

though, because

Far r el l y coul d

be

msunderstood, on the one hand, as

aggressi vel y

r i ppi ng

i n t o

the cl i ent

or ,

on

the

other

hand,

as provi di ng

entertai nment

at t hei r expense

Thi s

i s

not

what

the cl i ent experi ences, but 1 ve heard of peopl e seei ng vi deotapes

of

hi m i n

act i o n

and

si mpl y

bei ng

appal l ed

1 ve

heard audi ences

at

the

begi nni ng

of

hi s

worr


8/12

probl em

or

the c l i ent i n ways

they

don t want

t o

hear

we act

i n response

t o

representati ons i n

our

heads then i t i s no

sur pr i se

t hat

cl i ent s

wi l l

act

di f f er ent l y af t er

Frank has

l ocked

i n

a

dramati c

set of

vi vi d f ul l - col our hol ographi c

representati ons

Thi s

i s

the

cort i cal

i mpl ant

The

cl i ent s

mnd

i s

batted

about

between

l ur i d

i mages

l i k e

a

pi ng

-pong bal l

Frank

doesn t

pay

a

l o t

of

at t ent i on

t o

what

the c l i ent

W NTS

but

goes

f or

what

the c l i ent NEE S

He

goes

st r ai ght f or

the

psychologi ca j ugul ar

The

c l i ent can st ar t t al ki ng about a

probl em whi ch

Frank seem

t o t ot al l y

i gnore

as he pumps out

questi ons and provocati ons

whi ch send the

c l i ent

spi nni ng

(you coul d see t hei r

cogni ti ve

worl d suddenl y l urc h

and dump them

i n t o

a

trance

state)

You

can t t al k

about

a

Provocati ve Therapy workshop

wthout say ng

that,

despi te or because of )

the fact t hat

he

was

dea i ng

w t h real persona

i ssues,

i t

was

great

fun

and

often r i ot i ousl y enterta ni ng

I t s

the

psychotherapeuti c

equi val ent

of

rock

n

r o l l

As Carl

Rogers

sai d,

Boy,

you

don t

l e t

peopl e

get

set

; you keep them

of f ba ance

.

Frank came

across as a

man ready t o

test hi s chops

w t h

anyone He s

created Provocati ve

Therapy and

run

i t through

a huge range

of

d agnosti c

categori es, across di f f erent

socia

cl asses, ages and

nat i onal i t i es and

conti nues t o

bel i eve

t hat

anyone

who

has

a bra n

can be

hel ped Thi s i s not

vapi d optimsm

he s tangl ed w th

the

toughest Yet

he

retai ns

a

very pos i t i ve

and

l i f e- af f i r m ng stance

Yes,

there s

pa n and suf f eri ng

but the ul t i mat e

truths

do not l i e

i n

anger

and pai n

L i f e

i s al so the theatre

of

the

r i di cul ous

and

the

absurd Laughter

has more t ruth than

tears

and depression

.

The

worki ngs of

Provocati ve

Therapy

cannot be understood

wthout

recogni zi ng

that at the core of Frank s

approach i s hi s care

f or the

c l i ent and

hi s commtment t o t hei r best i nt e r est s Carl

Rogers cl ear l y

understood

t hi s

and supported

the

devel opment

of Provocati ve

Therapy

He

commented t o

Frank

Peopl e

are

l i k e dogs ;

they

knowwhether you l i k e them

So

whi l e the words

may

sound

l i k e

a bl i st er i ng attack, the par al l el

communi cati ons

of

voi ce

tone

and

t hat

t w nkl e i n

the

eye

convey cari ng and

bui l d

adeep

rapport

Some

part i ci pants were

surpri sed

t o f i nd

hi m l ess

savage

than

they d

expected

f rom

read ng hi s book O course,

the

pr i nt i s shaved

down t o one

mode

of communi cati on

and

cannot

adequatel y

convey

the

non-verba support

and warmh, but i t

may

al so be t hat he

rei ned himsel f i n

f i r s t

time around i n

a

new

country Watever

the case,

he

does

have a wder range than

may

at f i r s t

be apparent As he says, I

can

be

a

teddy bear

or

I

can

chew

ass

l i k e

a

sabre-

toothed t i ger .

The

case

f or Provocati ve Therapy i s wel l - put i n the

book

of that name,

so

t he

emphasi s

of

the

workshop

was on

seeing i t i n

act i on

Frank

began w t h an

i mpr essi oni st i c

rambl e

i n

the associ ati ve

l andscape

through

whi ch,

what

he

cal l s, hi s

butt erf l y

mnd f l i t s He

del i ghts

i n characteri zi ng

himsel f as

an ol d


9/12

codger w t h brai n

sl i ppage

who needs t o

get the

synapses

f i r i ng i n

the

morni ng

Actual l y, he admts that hi s

mnd

has al ways worked l i k e

t hat

Yet when he

demnstrates a provocati ve i ntervi ew you get t o see t hat

butt er f l y mnd

home

i n l i k uhammed Al i

Over

the

two days

Frank

di d ni ne

sessi ons

w t h

i ndi vi dual par t i ci pant s ,

each

tasti ng

25

mnutes

and

f ol l owed by di scussi on

There was al so

a

mcro-

t eachi ng where

we l ooked

at

the

vi deo of one

of

the

sessi ons

and he enl arged on

what he

was respondi ng to and why Thi s gave

us

pl ent y

of

opportuni ty t o see

hi s approach

i n acti on

Provocati ve Therapy i s sophi sti cated

si mpl i c i ty

Perhaps

i t s

central

pri nci pl e i s

that peopl e

need to take

responsi bi l i ty

f or

the

choi ces

they

make

They are

al ways

maki ng choi ces

whether

they

recogni ze t

or

not,

whether

they

l i k t or

not,

andwhether

they

want to

or not

The psycho-soci al rea l i ty i s

t hat

those choi ces have consequences

whi ch they then

have

t o

l i v w th Havi ng

worked

extensi vel y w t h

cr i mnal s ,

the i nsane and the c r imna l l y

i nsane,

Frank

doesn t

hol d

the

vi ew

t hat

they

are

not

responsi bl e

f or

t hei r acti ons

Yes,

we

mght be

sympatheti c t o

them and

we

mght come

up wth convi nci ng

aet i ol ogi es

f or t hei r behavi or

but,

nonethel ess, they

are

havi ng t o

l i ve w th

the

consequences one consequence being

that

they are i n pri sons

or

mntal

homes

The workshop ended w th

a

rapi d scan through

Frank s i deas on

psychotherapy i n

the 21

st

century

For

some par t i ci pant s thi s may have

been

more

provocati ve than the provocati ve

i nt er vi ews

themel ves e quoted

Freud

~as havi ng

sai d

t hat

he

had hi s l i

t o

l i v

over

agai n

he woul d devote

t

t o

the

study of psychic

ab i l i t i es

f or that

i s

where

the

t ruth

i s

about

the

human

person

=Frank

f eel s t hat an i nt egr at i on

of . psychi c studi es

and psychol ogy

i s i nevi tabl e

Whi l st

he recogni zes that there i s as

much

rubbi sh

i n the f i el d of

psychi c

studi es

as

i n any

other

f i el d

hi s

own experi ments have convi nced

hi mt hat

thi s

i s the

wave

of the

f uture

The l ong hi stor y of deni al

wi l l have

t o

end As more

and more peopl e

bl ow

the whi stl e on the

i nadequaci es

of

the current paradi gm

many rock - sol i d truths wi l l

crumbl e Perhaps

t

shoul d come as no

surpri se

that

r ock - sol i d truths don t cut

much i ce

w th Frank Far r el l y af t er

the years

he s spent vapouri zi ng

the

rock- sol i d and

l i m t i n g subj ecti ve truths

of

hi s

cl i ents


10/12

GOALS

The

Provocati ve

Therapi st attempts to

create both posi ti ve and

negati ve

affecti ve experi ences

i n

an effort

to provoke the

cl i ent

to

engage

i n S

di fferent types of

behaviour

_

To affi rmsel f

worth

2

To

assert

themel ves

appropri atel y,

both i n task

performances

and

rel ati onshi ps_

_

To

defend

themel ves,

real i sti cal l y and

appropri atel y, against

the

excessi vel y negati ve

defi ni ti ons

of them

by

signi fi cant

others

4

Psycho-social

real i ty

testi ng

5_

Communicati ng,

wth

authenti ci ty and immediacy,

posi ti ve messages to

others

of

warmh, caring,

fri endshi p,

cari ng, sexual

attracti on, l ove

as these are

experi enced

by

the cl i ent

ASSUMPTIONS

:

Peopl e change

and

grow i n response to

a

chal l enge

Cl i ents can change

i f

they choose

PROVOCATI VE

THERAPY

The

psychol ogi cal

fragi l i ty of cl i ents

has been vastl y overrated both

by themel ves and

others

The

cl i ent s maladapti ve,

unproducti ve,

anti soci al

atti tudes and behav-

i ours

can be

drasti cal l y al tered

whatever the degree or

severi ty

of

chroni ci ty

Cl i ents have far

more potenti al for

achi evi ng

adapti ve, producti ve,

and

social i zed modes of l i vi ng

than they and most cl i ni ci ans

assume

Adul t

or

current experi ences

are

as

at

l east

i f

not more signi fi cant

than

chi l dhood or previ ous experi ences

i n

shaping cl i ent

val ues,

operat-

i onal

atti tudes and behavi ours

The cl i ent s

behavi our

wth the therapi st i s

a

rel ati vel y

accurate

refl ecti on of

hi s/her habi tual

pattern

of social and

i nterpersonal

rel at-

i onshi ps

Peopl e

mate sense ; the human animal

i s

exqui si tel y

l ogi cal

and

under-

standabl e

The

j udi ci ous expressi on

of tough l ove toward

the cl i ent can

markedl y

benefi t

himor her

The more

important

messages between

peopl e are

nonverbal

I t i s

not

what

i s

said, but how

i t i s

sai d that

i s

cruci al


11/12

CENTRAL

HYPOTHESES

:

f

provoked

by the

therapi st

(humorousl y,

percepti vel y,

and wthi n

the cl i ent s own i nternal

frame

of

reference), the

cl i ent

wl l

tend

to move i n

the opposi te

di recti on

from

the therapi st s

defi ni ti on of

the cl i ent

as

person_

(Sel f-Concept)

2_

I f urged provocati vel y

(humorousl y and

percepti vel y)

by the thera-

pi st to conti nue hi s

or

her

sel f-defeati ng,

deviant behaviour, the

cl i ent

wll tend to

engage

i n sel f- and

other-enhanci ng

behaviours

wzi ch more cl osel y

approximate

the soci etal

norm (Behavi our)

CAUTI ONS

:

Cari ng i s

crucial

The

therapi st s

own i nternal questi on

must be : How

woul d I say thi s to my very

best fri end?

Laughter

i s

an essenti al i ngredi ent

f

your

cl i ent i s

not l aughi ng

at

l east some time duri ng the

i ntervi ew i t i s not


Get

yoursel f i nto

a warm

cari ng, l ovi ng space before the

i ntervi ew

REFERENCES

:

_


by

Frank

Farrel l y and

J eff

Brandsma

Meta Publ i cati ons :

Cal i forni a,

1974

2

Chapter enti tl ed Humor

i n

Provocati ve

Therapy , i n

Handbook of

Humor

i n Psychotherap7

by

Wl l i am

Fry and

Wal eed

Salameh,

Eds

. , 1988

3

Chapter on Provocati ve Therapy i n the

Handbook

of

I nnovati ve

Psycho-

therapi es

Raymond

Corsini ,

Ed

;

Frank Farrel l y

wth Scott

Matthews,

Wl ey

and Sons, 1981


12/12

PARADOXICAL

INTERVENTIONS

REDEFINNG /

REFRAMNG

I nvol ves

a shi ft i n the meani ng

of

the

roblem

so that

behavi our

that

was

once vi ewed as negati ve

i s

now

ewed as

posi ti ve_

What

makes

reframng

so powerful

i s

that

one

cannot

(as i n

the

aml i ar

fi gure ground

reversal )

return to one' s

former vi ew

of

real i ty

SYMPTOM

PRESCR PTI ON The cl i ent i s

di rected to performthe

probl em

haviour

del i beratel y or

i n

some cases even

to exaggerate i t

OXICAL

TNTENTIONwas

defi ned

by

V ctor

Frankl

as aprocedure i n

hose

f ramework pati ents are

encouraged to do,

~ wsh

for, the very

hi ngs they fear

al bei t wth tongue

i n

cheek In fact

an

i ntegral

ement i n

paradoxi cal i ntenti on i s

the

del i berate evocati on

of humour

i ents encouraged

to do MOREOF THE

SAME

.

RESTRAINNG

Inhi bi ti ng change

Encouragi ng cl i ent

to

change

owy,

sl ower

than s/he wshes

tressi ng the

negati ve

consequences

of

changi ng or urgi ng

them to

nsi der

careful l y

the benefi ts of

remai ni ng j ust as they are

redi cti ng/prescri bi ng

a rel apse

POSITI ONNG

Therapi st

agrees

wth, and even exaggerates

cl i ent' s

egati ve

posi ti on,

i n order to

encourage them to shi ft

from thi s

osi ti on

UTILIZATION

TECHNQUES

Approach pi oneered by

Eri ckson

Rather

than

ei ng

a sef i of speci f i c

strategi es,

entai l s a

parti cul ar way

of

ooki ng

at

cl i ent probl em

behaviour and

usi ng that

behaviour i n the

rvi ce

of

change Accepti ngwhat

cl i ents bri ng to

therapy

usi ng the

l i ent' s

exi sti ng

moti vati on,

bel i efs,

and

behavi our

to

l ead to change

espond to the

response

you get f rom

cl i ents,

rather

than sti cki ng

to

he game plan

Every response can be

uti l i zed i n

some way

to

l ead the

l i ent nearer to the goal

ASIC APPROACH

HAVE THEMDO

WHAT THEY RE ALREF~Y

DONG

EUT

DO IT IN

DRECTION

HY

PARADOXICAL

APPROACHES

WORK

Creates a THERAPEUTIC DOUBLE

BIND In effect, the

cl i ent cannot

ai l i n

hi s/her

efforts,

because the

al ternati ves

are

wn/wn

I t

creates a

shi ft i n

the cl i ent' s

percepti on of hi s/her

symptom

To

request that they

conti nue

what they' re al ready

doi ng

doesn' t

ompound the

problem whereas many

other

' soluti ons' do

he tri ck i s to

put yoursel f i n thei r

place, to

understand

thei r

anguage, to speak i n

thei r l anguage unti l

i t makes sense

I f thei r

oi ces

don t make

sense,

you don t understand

them

What

we cal l

radox i s the way

peopl e

see the worl d

.

(Greenwald)

T~

~o

o l n

i

OMPLIANCE BASED Works

because they fol l ow

prescri pti on

di srupts

cycl e

EFIANCE-BASED

Works because they defy eg J o

Neal

provocative therapy

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